全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)2第二版 UNIT1 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

1、Unit 1 Ways of LearningDetailed Reading for Text A and BThere is no end to learning.學(xué)無(wú)止境。I forget what I was taught, I only remember what I have learned.- Patrick White, British novelist我忘了別人教我的東西，我只記得我自己學(xué)的東西。n 英國(guó)小說(shuō)家 P. 懷特TEXT. Difficult Sentences1. (LL. 1315) Because of his tender age and incomplet

2、e understanding of the need to position the key just so, he would usually fail. Paraphrase the sentence.(= Because he was so young and didnt quite know that he should position the key carefully to fit into the narrow key slot, he would usually fail.) 2. (L. 15) Benjamin was not bothered in the least

3、.1. Paraphrase the sentence. (= Benjamin was not bothered at all.)2.Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=本杰明一點(diǎn)也不在意。)3. (L. 30) and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.Paraphrase this part of the sentence.(= And to help explain Chinese attitudes toward creativity.)4. (LL. 3739) sin

4、ce the child is neither old enough nor clever enough to realize the desired action on his own, what possible gain is achieved by having him struggle?1. What does the desired action refer to? (= Positioning the key carefully to fit into the slot.)2. In your opinion, what possible gain can be achieved

5、 by having Benjamin struggle?(= Open-ended.)5. (L. 39) He may well get frustrated and angry.1. Paraphrase the sentence. (= He is likely to get frustrated and angry.)2. You use “may well” when you are saying what you think is likely to happen.6. (L. 4748) He was having a good time and was exploring,

6、two activities that did matter to us.1. What do the two activities refer to?(= Having a good time and exploring.)2. Paraphrase two “activities that did matter to us”.(= Tow activities that were important to us.)7. (L. 52) whether it be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for a mi

7、sdeed1. Paraphrase the sentence.(= No matter whether it is placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for some mistakes.)2. Analyze the structure of the sentence.(= The subjunctive mood is used here.*Whether he be present or absent, we shall have to do our part.)8. (LL. 8081) young West

8、erners making their boldest departures first and then gradually mastering the tradition1. What does making their boldest departures mean?(=Doing sth. different from an established rule or tradition.)2. Translate this part into Chinese.(=西方的年輕人先是大膽創(chuàng)新，然后逐漸深諳傳統(tǒng)。)9. (LL. 9899) But assuming that the cont

9、rast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goalsCan you analyze the structure of this sentence?(= assuming + that-clause: 假定You use assuming that when you are considering a possible situation or event, so that you can think about the consequen

10、ces. *Assuming that we all work at the same rate, we should be finished by January.)10. (LL. 100102) Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?1. Translate the senten

11、ce into Chinese.(=我們能否從中美兩個(gè)極端中尋求一種更好的教育方式，它或許能在創(chuàng)造力與基本技能這兩極之間獲得某種較好的平衡?)2. Do you think that we can find a better way to approach education, which strikes a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?. Words and Expressions1.(L. 7) attach: vt. fasten or join (one thing to another

12、) * She attached an antenna to the radio.(=A tag was attached to each article.)Pattern: attach sth. to sth. be attached to sth.2. (L. 21) initial: adj. of or at the beginning; first最初的會(huì)談是后來(lái)達(dá)成協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)。(=The initial talks were the base of the later agreement.)*the initial letter of a word 一個(gè)詞的首字母 3. (L.

13、25) await: vt. wait for * He was anxiously awaiting her reply. 他早就期待著這個(gè)時(shí)刻了。 (=He has long awaited this moment.)4. (L. 25) on occasion: now and then * It has, on occasion, created trouble for the bank. 你有時(shí)使人們感到詫異。 (=You have on occasion surprised people.)CF: on occasion & on the occasion of 這兩個(gè)詞組

14、非常相似，但意思不同。 on occasion有時(shí)，間或。 on the occasion of在 之際。 * on the occasion of sb.'s wedding5. (L. 26) neglect: vt. give too little attention or care to * neglect one's meals and sleep 離開(kāi)時(shí)別忘了鎖門。 (=Don't neglect to lock the door when you leave.)CF: neglect, ignore & omit 這幾個(gè)詞都有忽略、遺漏之意。neg

15、lect 指對(duì)職責(zé)、義務(wù)或應(yīng)做的事沒(méi)有給予足夠的注意。這種忘記可能是有意的，也可能是無(wú)意的。例如： *Those who neglect their duties should be punished. 玩忽職守者應(yīng)受懲罰。 *Why do they always neglect the traffic regulation. 他們?yōu)槭裁蠢鲜遣蛔⒁庾袷亟煌ㄒ?guī)則呢？ignore 指疏忽、不顧，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)某人或某物故意不理會(huì)，有時(shí)還帶有固執(zhí)地拒絕的意味。例如： *When I saw Tom, I stopped to greet him, but he ignored me and walked o

16、n. 當(dāng)我看到湯姆時(shí)，我停下來(lái)和他打招呼，但他沒(méi)有理我繼續(xù)往前走。 *The teacher ignored my difficult questions. 老師對(duì)我的難題置之不理。omit 指因?qū)Ｗ⒒蚴韬龆浤呈?，這種失誤可能是有意或無(wú)意的。該詞還可指刪除不利或不必要的東西。例如： *She should not omit to visit the museum. 她不應(yīng)忘了去參觀博物館。 *The third part of the book may be omitted. 該書(shū)的第三部分可以刪掉。6. (L. 28) relevant: adj. directly connected

17、with the subject(=His color is not relevant to whether he's a good lawyer.)該證據(jù)與此案有關(guān)。(=The evidence is relevant to the case.)Pattern: be relevant to 7. (L. 29 ) investigate: 1. vt. try to find out information about * Scientists are investigating how the plane crash occurred. * If you hear such a

18、rumor, investigate it thoroughly. 2. vi. make a detailed inquiry *investigate into an affair *investigate into a rumorCF: investigate, examine & inspect 這幾個(gè)詞都有調(diào)查、檢查之意。investigate 較正式，指有條不紊地進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究以發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí)真相，更常用以說(shuō)明調(diào)查案件、情況、背景來(lái)歷等。例如：*They investigated the cause of the accident. 他們調(diào)查了事故的原因。*The police a

19、re investigating the murder. 警方正在調(diào)查這件謀殺案。examine 是普通用語(yǔ)，指仔細(xì)地檢查某人或物。該詞還指官方主持的檢查或醫(yī)生進(jìn)行的診察，也表示對(duì)某種觀點(diǎn)的討論研究，更指考試。例如：*They examined our passports very carefully. 他們仔細(xì)檢查了我們的護(hù)照。*An optician is qualified to examine your eyes and prescribe glasses. 眼科醫(yī)生有資格來(lái)檢查你的眼睛并給你配眼鏡。inspect 較正式，用得不如examine廣泛，指對(duì)某人或某物進(jìn)行檢查、查問(wèn)，帶有

20、揭示其差異或缺陷的意思。更常指官員們的視察以發(fā)現(xiàn)下屬單位的缺點(diǎn)等，還指檢閱軍隊(duì)。例如：*The firemen were inspecting the warehouse for potential fire hazards. 消防人員正在檢查倉(cāng)庫(kù)以防火災(zāi)。*Every length of cloth is inspected before it leaves the factory. 出廠之前每寸布匹都檢查過(guò)。8. (L. 30) throw light on: help understanding* These facts throw new light on the matter. 這些

21、事實(shí)使人進(jìn)一步了解此事。 9. (L. 34) exception: n. sb./sth. that a comment or statement does not apply to(=There is an exception to this grammatical rule.) 這是那項(xiàng)規(guī)定的一個(gè)明顯的例外。(= This is an apparent exception to the rule.)Pattern: an exception toCollocation:with many/few exceptions 有很多/很少例外without exception 毫無(wú)例外，一律wi

22、th the exception of 除之外make an exception of 把.作為例外make no exceptions 不容許有例外；一視同仁 10. (L. 39) desirable: adj. worth having as by being useful, advantageous, or pleasing; worth achieving* Main Street is a very desirable location for a large department store. * It is most desirable that he should atten

23、d the conference.NB: antonym: undesirable11. (L. 41) accomplish: vt. manage to do (sth.)* She's accomplished a great deal in the last few weeks.這項(xiàng)任務(wù)不是在一代人的時(shí)間里所能完成的。(= The task will not be accomplished in one generation.)Collocation: accomplish one's object/goal 達(dá)到目的 accomplish one's miss

24、ion 完成使命CF: accomplish, complete & finish這三個(gè)詞都含“完成”的意思。accomplish 通常接task, aim, journey, voyage等名詞，有時(shí)兼有取得效果之意。例如：*I don't feel our visit really accomplished anything. 我不認(rèn)為我們的訪問(wèn)真正取了什么結(jié)果。complete 比 accomplish 具體，可接建筑、工程、書(shū)籍等名詞，指按預(yù)期目的把未完成的工作經(jīng)過(guò)進(jìn)一步的努力使之完成，主要涵義是補(bǔ)足缺少的部分。例如：*The building will be comp

25、leted by the end of this month. 這座樓于本月底建成。finish 在許多情況下可與complete換用, 但不及complete正式，常含有認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地完成工作的最后階段的精工修飾，使之完美的意思。例如：*Finish the work off before you leave for your holiday. 你去度假前應(yīng)先把工作做完。12. (L. 43) in due course: at the proper time; eventually* Be patient. You'll get your promotion in due course

26、. (聲音文件in due course)(=Your book will be published in due course.)13. (L. 48) critical: adj. 1) very important* A second income is critical to the family's well-being.接下來(lái)的兩個(gè)禮拜對(duì)于公司來(lái)說(shuō)是至關(guān)重要的。(=The next two weeks will be critical for the company.)Collocation :a critical decision 重大的決定critical moment

27、 緊要關(guān)頭，關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻 2) very serious or dangerous 嚴(yán)重短缺食物(=a critical shortage of food)Collocation:critical condition 危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)a critical illness 重病14. (L. 50) principal adj. main; chief* the principal food of the people of India* the principal rivers of EuropeCF: principal & principle principal和 principle的意思完全

28、不同，但常常被混淆。principle 僅作名詞用，其主要意義指基本的東西或規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。principal 既是名詞又是形容詞。作為名詞，它一般指居于高位或擔(dān)任重要角色的人。例如：a meeting among all the principals in the transaction。作為形容詞，它有主要的或首要的的意思。15. (L. 50) rear: 1. vt. Bring up and educate; look after (animals)*rear children飼養(yǎng)家禽(=rear poultry) 2. n. back part 后部；背面* The kitchen i

29、s in the rear of the house. 停車場(chǎng)在這建筑物的后邊。(= The parking lot is at the rear of the building.)16. (L. 52) make up for: repay with sth. good; compensate for* I didn't travel much when I was younger, but I'm certainly making up for lost time now.他們加速進(jìn)行以補(bǔ)回失去的時(shí)間。(=They hurried on to make up for los

30、t time.)17. (L.59) in retrospect: on evaluating the past; upon reflection* There are some things that you only become totally conscious of in retrospect.(=In retrospect, what I have done is clearly absurd.)18. (L.64) facility: n. 1) ability to do sth. easily and well* play the piano with facility有學(xué)習(xí)

31、語(yǔ)言的天才(= have great facility in learning languages) 2) (pl.) equipment, aids, etc. which make it easy to do things*sports facilities*There are facilities for cooking in the kitchen. 娛樂(lè)設(shè)施(= entertainment facilities)19. (L. 71) apply: vi. 1) be relevant; have an effect Pattern: apply to sb./sth. *What

32、I have said does not apply to you.教授的這條建議只適用于一些大學(xué)生。(=The advice given by the professor only applies to some of the college students.) 2) write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally for sth.Pattern: apply (to sb.) for sth. apply to do sth.*We applied to the authorities for assistance.他決

33、定申請(qǐng)參加學(xué)生會(huì)。(=He decided to apply to join the Student Union.)20. (L. 79) priority: n. sth. that one must do before anything else* Study is not on his list of priorities.道路建設(shè)應(yīng)是予以優(yōu)先考慮的事。(=Road building is a first priority.)21. (L. 82) evolve: vi. develop graduallyPattern: evolve into 進(jìn)化成，發(fā)展成，逐步形成evolve f

34、rom/out of 由演化而成；從發(fā)展而來(lái)*The early fish have evolved into some 30,000 different species. 這一簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)劃逐步形成為一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的規(guī)劃。(= The simple plan evolved into a complicated scheme.)*Some people believe that we evolved from the apes.這整個(gè)想法是從信口說(shuō)出的一句話發(fā)展而來(lái)的。(= The whole idea evolved from a casual remark.)22. (L. 85) contras

35、t: 1. v. compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clearPattern: contrast A with/and B* In her speech she contrasted the governments optimistic promises with its dismal achievements.我忍不住把她的態(tài)度和她朋友的態(tài)度作了對(duì)比。(= I cannot help contrasting her attitude with that of her friends.)Collocation

36、: contrast sharply/strikingly 形成鮮明的對(duì)比 contrast startlingly/strongly 形成驚人的/強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比2. n. difference between things compared*The atmosphere of the Second World War in London was a complete contrast to that of the First.*There is a marked contrast between the groups actions and its principles.Collocation:

37、 constitute/form a sharp contrast to 與形成鮮明的對(duì)照intensify/sharpen the contrast 加強(qiáng)對(duì)比reveal/show a contrast 顯示出差別23(L. 87) harbor: 1. vt. keep (sth.) secretly in ones mind* He might be harboring a death wish.* harbor thoughts of revenge2. n. place of shelter for ships*The navy has constructed an artifici

38、al harbor. *All the ships stayed in the harbor during the storm.24. (L. 89) promote:vt. help to grow or develop* new efforts to promote the world peace促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展(= promote economic growth)牛奶增進(jìn)健康。 (= Milk promotes health.)CF: promote & further這兩個(gè)詞都可指促使某事物朝著預(yù)期的目標(biāo)發(fā)展。promote 用于事物發(fā)展的各個(gè)階段，包括起始階段。例如：*promo

39、te the understanding between the two countries 促進(jìn)兩國(guó)之間的相互了解*The audiolingual method should be promoted. 應(yīng)當(dāng)推廣聽(tīng)說(shuō)法。 further 則用于除了起始階段以外的各個(gè)發(fā)展階段。例如：*Getting a scholarship will further her education. 獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金可以使她繼續(xù)深造。25. (L. 90) emerge: vi. come out(聲音文件emerge)(=Eventually the truth of the matter emerged.)* L

40、arge scale industry emerged gradually as technology evolved.Pattern: emerge from/out of 太陽(yáng)從云層背后出現(xiàn)。 (=The sun emerges from behind the clouds.)*New evidence emerged from the investigation.It emerges that *It later emerged that the driver of the car had been drunk.26. (L. 98) valid: adj. based on truth

41、 or sound reasoning*This is a valid argument against economic growth.(=They have valid reasons for refusing to do it.) 27. (L. 99) worthwhile: adj. worth doing; worth the trouble taken* Here is some worthwhile advice to any young businessman.這本書(shū)值得一讀。(= Its a worthwhile book.)28. (L. 101) superior: b

42、etter than average or than others of the same typePattern: be superior tobe superior in敵軍在數(shù)量上占優(yōu)勢(shì)。(= The enemies were superior in numbers.)這條地毯在質(zhì)量上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)比那條好。(= This carpet is far superior to that one in quality.)Text BLanguage Study1. (Para. 1) account: n. 1) arrangement made with a bank to pay in or ta

43、ke out money*She deposited the money in her account. 我想從我的賬戶里面取500美元。(=I'd like to withdraw $500 from my account.)2) description that says what happens in an event or process*Several eyewitnesses' accounts differed considerably from the official version of events.他對(duì)這個(gè)疑犯的行動(dòng)做了詳細(xì)的描述。(= He kept

44、a detailed account of the suspect's movements.)2. (Para. 1) furthermore: adv. in addition, moreover*I suggest we use Barkers as our main suppliers they're good and furthermore they're cheap. 這房子房租合理, 而且位置優(yōu)越。(= The rent is reasonable and, furthermore, the location is perfect.)3. (Para. 1)

45、 intend: vt. have sth. in mind as a purpose or plan*The course is intended for intermediate-level students.不知何故我得罪了他，但我絕非故意。(= Somehow I offended him, which wasn't what I'd intended.) 4. (Para. 1) swallow: vt. cause (food or drink) to go down ones throat towards ones stomach*Thank you! Other

46、wise Id have swallowed a fly!他用一杯水吞下了這些藥丸。(=He swallowed the pills with a cup of water.)5. (Para. 3) College is a thousand years away. Paraphrase the sentence.(= In the child's eyes college is something very, very far away in the future.)6. (Para. 3) devise: vt. think out; invent*The cartoon cha

47、racters Snoopy and Charlie Brown were devised by Charles M. Schultz.他擅長(zhǎng)設(shè)計(jì)那些你可以和學(xué)生在課堂上玩的語(yǔ)言游戲。(= He's good at devising language games that you can play with students in class.) 7. (Para. 3) resource: n. (often pl.) a useful or valuable possession or quality of a country, organization or person *Th

48、e country's greatest resource is the dedication of its workers.英國(guó)的礦產(chǎn)資源包括石油、煤和天然氣。(= Britain's mineral resources include oil, coal and natural gas.)8. (Para. 4) keep track of: follow the development of; keep in touch with*My sister has had so many different jobs so I find it hard to keep trac

49、k of what she's doing. 要隨時(shí)了解遺傳學(xué)的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)是很困難的。(= It's difficult to keep track of all the new discoveries in genetics.)9. (Para. 4) deposit: 1. n. a sum of money paid into a bank account*To open an account, you need to make a minimum deposit of $500.2. vt. put money or something valuable in a ban

50、k今天上午，我往我的賬戶里存了1000美元。(= I deposited $1,000 in my account this morning.)10. (Para. 4) pace: n. speed or rate of development, movement, etc.*We had to climb up the mountain at a very slow pace because of the bad weather.你能慢一點(diǎn)嗎？我跟不上你了。(= Could you slow down a bit? I can't keep pace with you.) 11.

51、(Para. 4) annual: adj. happening or done every year or once a year*an annual event 年收入(= annual income)12. (Para. 5) protest: v. express strong disagreement or disapproval about (sth.)*A big crowd of demonstrators were protesting against cuts in health spending. 在整個(gè)審判過(guò)程中，他堅(jiān)稱自己無(wú)罪。(= All through the trial he protested his innocence.)13. (Para. 5) fund: n. (usu. pl.) sum of money collected and kept for a particular purpose*Contributions are being sought for the disaster fund.這家醫(yī)院缺乏購(gòu)買新設(shè)備所需的資金。(= The hospital is short of funds for the purchase of new equipment.) 14. (Para