CPA綜合英語詞匯匯總北注協(xié)財(cái)管

1、財(cái)務(wù)管理常用英語詞匯1business企業(yè) 商業(yè) 業(yè)務(wù)2financial management財(cái)務(wù)管理3the goal of financial management財(cái)務(wù)管理的目標(biāo)4profit maximization (maximize profit) 利潤(rùn)最大化5earnings per share maximization每股盈余最大化6stockholder (share holder) wealth maximization股東財(cái)富最大化7stakeholder利益相關(guān)者8stock holder/shareholder股東9creditor/bondholder債權(quán)人10th

2、e factors that affect the stockholder value股東價(jià)值的影響因素11cost of capital資本成本12capital investment資本投資13working capital 營運(yùn)資本14capital structure 資本結(jié)構(gòu)15bankruptcy risk 破產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)16tax rate 稅率17dividend policy股利政策18operating activity 經(jīng)營活動(dòng)19investing activity投資活動(dòng)20financing activity 籌資活動(dòng)21agency cost 代理成本22agency

3、problem代理問題23moral risk道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)24adverse selection逆向選擇25corporate social responsibility企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任26financial markets金融市場(chǎng)27money markets短期資金市場(chǎng)28capital markets長(zhǎng)期資金市場(chǎng) 29spot markets現(xiàn)貨市場(chǎng)30future markets期貨市場(chǎng) 31public offer markets向公眾發(fā)行的市場(chǎng)32initial public offering 首次公開發(fā)行股票(即IPO）33private placement markets私募市場(chǎng)34c

4、orporate bond market企業(yè)債券市場(chǎng)35stock market股票市場(chǎng)36financial future market金融期貨市場(chǎng)37financial ratio analysis 財(cái)務(wù)比率分析38four major categories of financial ratios 四類財(cái)務(wù)比率39liquidity ratios 短期償債能力比率40long-term liquidity ratios 長(zhǎng)期償債能力比率41profitability ratios盈利能力比率42operating income經(jīng)營收益43earnings per share每股收益44wo

5、rking capital營運(yùn)資本45current ratio流動(dòng)比率46quick ratio速動(dòng)比率47cash flow ratio現(xiàn)金流量比率48operating cash flows經(jīng)營現(xiàn)金流49cash flow from operations經(jīng)營活動(dòng)現(xiàn)金流50investing cash flows投資現(xiàn)金流51cash flow from investing 投資活動(dòng)現(xiàn)金流52cash flows from financing籌資活動(dòng)現(xiàn)金流53debt ratio資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率54debt-to-equity ratio產(chǎn)權(quán)比率55equity multiplier權(quán)益乘數(shù)56

6、debt-to-long capital ratio長(zhǎng)期資本負(fù)債率57time of interest earned based on earnings (TIE)58earnings-based interest coverage ratio利息保障倍數(shù)59cash flow coverage ratio現(xiàn)金流量保障比率60time of interest earned based on cash flows61cash flow-based interest coverage ratio現(xiàn)金流量利息保障倍數(shù)62debt-to-cash flow ratio現(xiàn)金流量債務(wù)比63accounts

7、 receivable turnover/days sales outstanding (DSO) 應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率/應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)天數(shù)64inventory turnover存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率65current assets turnover流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率66non-current assets turnover/fixed assets turnover非流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率（固定資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率）67total assets turnover總資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率68gross profit margin銷售毛利率69net profit margin銷售利潤(rùn)率70return on assets (ROA) 資產(chǎn)利潤(rùn)率

8、71return on equity (ROE) 權(quán)益凈利率72Du Pont system杜邦財(cái)務(wù)分析體系73improved financial analysis system改進(jìn)的財(cái)務(wù)分析體系74net operating assets凈經(jīng)營資產(chǎn)75net financial liabilities凈金融負(fù)債76after-tax operating profit稅后經(jīng)營利潤(rùn)77after-tax interest expense稅后利息費(fèi)用78net financial leverage凈財(cái)務(wù)杠桿79earnings per share每股盈余80sales forecast銷售預(yù)測(cè)8

9、1the percentage of sales method銷售百分比法82external financing requirement(EFR) 外部融資額83sensitivity analysis of EFR外部融資需求的敏感分析84internal growth rate內(nèi)含增長(zhǎng)率85sustainable growth rate可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)率86effective growth rate實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)率87overall budget (general budget) 全面預(yù)算88sales budget銷售預(yù)算89production budget生產(chǎn)預(yù)算90direct materi

10、al budget直接材料預(yù)算91direct labor budget直接人工預(yù)算92overhead budget制造費(fèi)用預(yù)算93product cost budget產(chǎn)品成本預(yù)算94sales expense and administrative銷售費(fèi)用95general expense budget 管理費(fèi)用預(yù)算96cash budget現(xiàn)金預(yù)算97capital expenditure budget資本支出預(yù)算98income statement budget利潤(rùn)表預(yù)算99balance sheet budget資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表預(yù)算100flexible budget彈性預(yù)算101the

11、valuation of discounted cash flow method 折現(xiàn)現(xiàn)金流量估價(jià)法102the time value of money 貨幣的時(shí)間價(jià)值103future value and present value 復(fù)利終值與現(xiàn)值104ordinary annuity普通年金105annuity due預(yù)付年金106deferred annuity遞延年金107perpetuity永續(xù)年金108bond valuation債券估價(jià)109par value (face value, principal) 債券面值110coupon rate票面利率111maturity da

12、te到期日112nominal annual rate名義利率113periodic rate周期利率114effective annual rate實(shí)際利率115real discount bond純貼現(xiàn)債券116zero bond平息債券117perpetual bond永久債券118outstanding bond流通債券119yield to maturity 債券到期收益率120stock valuation 股票估價(jià)121ordinary stock普通股122preferred stock優(yōu)先股123common stockholder 普通股股東124preferred sto

13、ckholder優(yōu)先股股東125open price開盤價(jià)126close price收盤價(jià)127high price最高價(jià)128low price最低價(jià)129zero growth model valuation零增長(zhǎng)股票估價(jià)130constant growth model valuation 固定增長(zhǎng)股票估價(jià)131non-constant growth model valuation 非固定增長(zhǎng)股票估價(jià)132risk and rate of return 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和報(bào)酬133stand-alone risk and rates of return 單項(xiàng)資產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和報(bào)酬134Relaxed/re

14、stricted/moderate current asset investment policy寬松的/緊縮的/適中的營運(yùn)資本政策135maturity matching(self-liquidating) /aggressive/conservative current asset financing policy配合型/激進(jìn)型/穩(wěn)健型籌資政策136residual income剩余收益137credit terms for borrowing借款的信用條件138line of credit信貸限額139revolving credit agreement周轉(zhuǎn)信貸協(xié)議140compensa

15、ting balances補(bǔ)償性余額141loan mortgage借款抵押142forms of interest payment借款利息的支付方法143distributions to shareholders/dividend distribution利潤(rùn)分配144declaration date股利宣告日145holder-of-record date股權(quán)登記日146payment date股利支付日147ex-dividend date除息日148cash dividend現(xiàn)金股利149asset (property)dividend財(cái)產(chǎn)股利150liability dividend

16、負(fù)債股利151stock dividend股票股利152dividend irrelevance theory股利無關(guān)論153dividend relevance theory股利相關(guān)論154private corporation私募公司 未上市公司155book-value weight賬面價(jià)值權(quán)數(shù)156market value weight市場(chǎng)價(jià)值權(quán)數(shù)157target value weight目標(biāo)價(jià)值權(quán)數(shù)158business risk經(jīng)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn)159financial risk財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)160degree of operational leverage經(jīng)營杠桿系數(shù)161degree of

17、financial leverage財(cái)務(wù)杠桿系數(shù)162total degree of leverage總杠桿系數(shù)163debt holder債權(quán)人164net profit theory凈收益理論165operating profit theory營業(yè)收益理論166trade-off theory權(quán)衡理論167EPS analysis of financing融資的每股收益分析168optimal capital structure最佳資本結(jié)構(gòu)169firm valuation企業(yè)價(jià)值評(píng)估170integrated value企業(yè)的整體價(jià)值171economic value企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值172

18、current market value現(xiàn)時(shí)市場(chǎng)價(jià)值173fair market value公平市場(chǎng)價(jià)值174entity value實(shí)體價(jià)值175equity value股權(quán)價(jià)值176going-concern value持續(xù)經(jīng)營價(jià)值177liquidation value清算價(jià)值178minor equity value少數(shù)股權(quán)價(jià)值179controlling equity value控股權(quán)價(jià)值180premium of controlling rights控股權(quán)溢價(jià)181dividend discount model股利折現(xiàn)模型182option-pricing model期權(quán)定價(jià)模型1

19、83discounted cash flow valuation折現(xiàn)現(xiàn)金流量模型184book value 賬面價(jià)值185market value市場(chǎng)價(jià)值186liquidation value 清算價(jià)值187stand-alone risk and rates of return單項(xiàng)資產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和報(bào)酬188probability概率189expected value 190variance方差191standard deviation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差192coefficient of variation(CV)變化系數(shù)193portfolio risk and return投資組合的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和報(bào)酬194ex

20、pected rate of return預(yù)期報(bào)酬率195correlation相關(guān)性196perfectly positive correlation完全正相關(guān)197perfectly negative correlation完全負(fù)相關(guān)198no correlation不相關(guān)199coefficient of correlation相關(guān)系數(shù)200co-variance協(xié)方差201efficient set有效集202capital market line資本市場(chǎng)線203equilibrium均衡點(diǎn)204systematic risk (market risk, non-diversifiab

21、le risk) 系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)205non systematic risk (company-specific risk, diversifiable risk)非系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)206capital asset pricing model (CAPM) 資本資產(chǎn)定價(jià)模型207security market line證券市場(chǎng)線208opportunity cost of capital資本的機(jī)會(huì)成本209required rate of return on investment投資的必要報(bào)酬率210net present value (NPV) 凈現(xiàn)值211profitability index (PI)

22、 現(xiàn)值指數(shù)212internal rate of return (IRR) 內(nèi)含報(bào)酬率213payback period (PP) 回收期214accounting rate of return (ARR)會(huì)計(jì)收益率215cash flows現(xiàn)金流量216cash outflows現(xiàn)金流出量217cash inflows現(xiàn)金流入量218operating cash flows營業(yè)現(xiàn)金流量219cash costs付現(xiàn)成本220salvage value殘值221relevant cost相關(guān)成本222irrelevant cost非相關(guān)成本223differential cost差額成本224

23、future cost未來成本225replacement cost重置成本226opportunity cost機(jī)會(huì)成本227sunk cost沉沒成本228historical cost過去成本229book cost賬面成本230eplacement decision of fixed asset固定資產(chǎn)更新決策231average annual cost of fixed asset固定資產(chǎn)的平均年成本232adjusted cash flow method調(diào)整現(xiàn)金流量法233adjusted discount rate method風(fēng)險(xiǎn)調(diào)整折現(xiàn)率法234weighted averag

24、e cost of capital加權(quán)平均資本成本235project risk項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)236project systematic risk項(xiàng)目系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)237comparable firms可比企業(yè)238transaction demand交易性需要239precautionary demand預(yù)防性需要240speculative demand投機(jī)性需要241the management of cash receipts and expenditures現(xiàn)金收支管理242use cash floats使用現(xiàn)金浮游量243accelerate cash receipts加速收款244defer

25、 the disbursement of payables推遲應(yīng)付款的支付245optimal cash balance最佳現(xiàn)金持有量246cost analysis model成本分析模式247opportunity cost機(jī)會(huì)成本248management cost管理成本249stock-out cost短缺成本250inventory model存貨模式251transaction cost交易成本252random model隨機(jī)模式253the management of accounts receivable應(yīng)收賬款管理254credit policy信用政策255credit

26、 term信用期間256credit standard信用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)257cash discount policy現(xiàn)金折扣政策258the ages of accounts receivable應(yīng)收賬款賬齡259collection policy收賬政策260inventory management存貨管理261acquisition cost取得成本262ordering cost訂貨成本263purchase cost購置成本264storage cost儲(chǔ)存成本265fixed cost固定成本266variable cost變動(dòng)成本267basic economic order quanti

27、ty model (EOQ model) 經(jīng)濟(jì)訂貨量基本模型268extended economic order quantity model經(jīng)濟(jì)訂貨量擴(kuò)展模型269ordering lead time訂貨提前期270safety stocks保險(xiǎn)儲(chǔ)備271reorder points 再訂貨點(diǎn)272bond ratings債券評(píng)級(jí)273convertibles可轉(zhuǎn)換證券274convertible bonds可轉(zhuǎn)換債券275conversion price轉(zhuǎn)換價(jià)格276conversion ratio轉(zhuǎn)換比率277conversion period 轉(zhuǎn)換期278call provisions

28、贖回條款279non-callable period不可贖回期280callable period贖回期281call price贖回價(jià)格282call conditions贖回條件283put provisions回售條款284force conversion provision強(qiáng)制性轉(zhuǎn)換條款285Leases租賃286lease contract租賃合約287lesser出租人288lessee承租人289operating leases經(jīng)營租賃290financial leases (capital leases) 融資租賃291direct leases直接租賃292leveraged

29、 leases杠桿租賃293sale and lease-back售后租回294the break-even lease income for lesser出租人的損益平衡租金295cancellable leases可撤銷租賃296non-cancellable leases不可撤銷租賃297off-balance sheet financing表外融資298working capital policies營運(yùn)資本政策299current asset investment policies營運(yùn)資本持有政策300current asset financing policies營運(yùn)資本籌集政策3

30、01distributions to shareholders/dividend distribution利潤(rùn)分配302cash dividend現(xiàn)金股利303asset (property) dividend財(cái)產(chǎn)股利304liability dividend負(fù)債股利305stock dividend股票股利306residual dividend policy剩余股利政策307constant or continuing growth dividend policy固定或持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的股利政策308constant payout ratio dividend policy固定股利支付率政策309

31、target capital structure目標(biāo)資本結(jié)構(gòu)310stock splits股票分割311cost of capital資本成本312specific cost of capital (respective component cost of capital) 個(gè)別資本成本313weighted average cost of capital加權(quán)平均資本成本314options期權(quán)315option contract期權(quán)合約316underlying asset標(biāo)的資產(chǎn)317maturity date到期日318the exercise of options期權(quán)的執(zhí)行319cal

32、l option看漲期權(quán)320put option看跌期權(quán)321american option美式期權(quán)322european option歐式期權(quán)323long position多頭324short position空頭325in the money實(shí)值期權(quán)326out of the money虛值期權(quán)327at the money 平價(jià)期權(quán)328principles of valuing options期權(quán)估價(jià)原理329real options（實(shí)物期權(quán)）330purchased material外購材料331purchased fuel外購燃料332purchased power外購動(dòng)力333wages and welfare工資及福利費(fèi)334depreciation expense折舊費(fèi)335taxes稅金336other expenditures其他支出337manufacturing cost生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營成本338selling expenses銷售費(fèi)用339general administrative expenses管理費(fèi)用340inventorial costs計(jì)入存貨的成本341capitalized costs資本化成本342expensed costs費(fèi)用化成本343product cost產(chǎn)品成本3