初中英語(yǔ)中考總復(fù)習(xí)大全

1、初中英語(yǔ)中考總復(fù)習(xí)大全目錄第一篇 詞法2一、 名詞2二、 冠詞11三、 代詞17四、 形容詞、副詞28五、 連 詞46六、 介 詞54七、 數(shù) 詞69八、 動(dòng) 詞74第二篇 句法97一、 主 要 句 式97二、 定 語(yǔ) 從 句110三、 常見(jiàn)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)115四、 完形填空與閱讀129附 錄144中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤一覽表144A144B152C158D164E168F171G176H178I183J185186L187192196199201204207212215217218221第一篇 詞法一、 名詞(一) 知識(shí)概要 名詞的概念在不同的語(yǔ)法教課書(shū)中有不同的解釋和分類方法，但就實(shí)際應(yīng)用來(lái)講還

2、是不要過(guò)分地追求其理論概念，而更多的要把注意力放在其應(yīng)用上來(lái)。我們不妨把它分為兩大類：專有名詞與普通名詞。顧名思義，專有名詞是指：個(gè)人、事物、機(jī)關(guān)等所專有的名稱，如，the Great Wall， America它們是不能隨意變動(dòng)的。而普通名詞中則包括個(gè)體名詞，如pen, worker它表示單一的個(gè)體人或事物；集體名詞，如：family,class， team,它表示的是由若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體；物質(zhì)名詞，如：water,paper它表示的是一種物質(zhì)，原材料；而后一種是抽象名詞，如:work, time它表示著一種在實(shí)際生活中看不見(jiàn)、摸不到，但卻與實(shí)際生活緊密相關(guān)的某些動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)的抽象概

3、念。見(jiàn)下表。 名詞一覽表種類 專有名詞 London, John, the Communist Party of China 普 通 名 詞 類名詞 nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table 集體名詞 class, family, army, police, team, people 物質(zhì)名詞 water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand 抽象名詞 happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest 功用 主語(yǔ) My family is now in New York. 表語(yǔ) His f

4、ather is a scientist. 賓語(yǔ) We love our great motherland. 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) He made London the base for his work. 定語(yǔ) The girls are making paper flowesrs. 狀語(yǔ) The car cost him 1000 dollars. 同位語(yǔ) Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here. 名詞在使用中的難點(diǎn)在于名詞的數(shù)，即可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。不可數(shù)名詞不能用數(shù)字計(jì)算，所以它通常只有單數(shù)形式。它包含有專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞等

5、，如：English,air,water,cotton,work可數(shù)名詞是可以用數(shù)量加以計(jì)算的名詞，所以它具有單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式兩種?？蓴?shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律是：1. 一般情況加s,如：penpens, doctordoctors,boyboys,其讀音規(guī)則是在清輔音后讀s，在元音和濁輔音后讀z。如:mapmap ， boyboys.2. 在以s,sh,ch,x結(jié)尾的名詞后面加es，如：busbuses,classclasses,其讀音為iz。3. 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s，其讀音為iz。4. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，要將y變?yōu)閕再加es，讀作z，如：factoryfa

6、ctories,countrycountries, familyfamilies.但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加s，如:boyboys,daydays。5. 以o結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般要加es，但如果o前面是元音字母或外來(lái)詞，縮寫詞以o結(jié)尾的則只加s，如：tomatotomatoes,heroheroes;photophotos,radioradios,pianopianos6. 以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要將f或fe變?yōu)関再加es，如：knifeknives, leafleaves, 但有些例外的詞如roof的復(fù)數(shù)形式是roofs。7. 不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是要單個(gè)

7、記憶的，它沒(méi)有規(guī)律可循，如:manmen,womanwomen, childchildren, footfeet,toothteeth, mousemice8. 單復(fù)同形的名詞有：fish, sheep,deer9. 單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有:people,police等。名詞還有格的變化，其主格可作主語(yǔ)，賓格可作賓語(yǔ)。還有所有格，用來(lái)表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加's其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s'，如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加's，如：a student's room, students' rooms, Children&

8、#39;s Day.在表示時(shí)間、距離、世界、國(guó)家名詞的所有格要用's，如：a twenty minutes' walk.但無(wú)生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu)，如：the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers(二) 正誤辨析誤Please give me a paper.正Please give me a piece of paper.析不要認(rèn)為可以數(shù)的名詞就是可數(shù)名詞，這種原因是對(duì)英語(yǔ)中可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的概念與中文中的能數(shù)與不能數(shù)相混淆了，所以造成了這樣的錯(cuò)誤，因paper在英語(yǔ)中是屬于物質(zhì)名詞一類，是不可數(shù)名詞。而

9、不可數(shù)名詞要表達(dá)數(shù)量時(shí)，要用與之相關(guān)的量詞來(lái)表達(dá)，如：two pieces of paper.誤Please give me two letter papers.正Please give me two pieces of letter paper.析paper作為紙講是不可數(shù)名詞，而作為報(bào)紙、考卷、文章講時(shí)則是可數(shù)名詞，如：Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt.誤My glasses is broken.正My glasses are broken.誤I want to buy two shoes.正I want to

10、buy two pairs of shoes.析英語(yǔ)中g(shù)lasses眼鏡，shoes鞋，trousers褲子等由兩部分組成的名詞一般要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果要表示一副眼鏡應(yīng)用a pair of glasses而這時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與量詞相一致。如：This pair of glasses is very good.誤May I borrow two radioes?正May I borrow two radios?析以o結(jié)尾的名詞大都是用加es來(lái)表示其復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果o前面是一個(gè)元音字母或外來(lái)語(yǔ)時(shí)則只加s就可以了。這樣的詞有zoozoos,pianopianos.誤This is a Mary'

11、s dictionary.正This is Mary's dictionary.析如名詞前有指示代詞this, that, these those,及其他修飾詞our,some, every, which, 或所有格時(shí)，則不要再加冠詞。誤There are much people in the garden.正There are many people in the garden.析可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)用many, few, a few, a lot of 來(lái)修飾，而people是可數(shù)名詞，而且是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：The people are planting trees here.誤I want

12、 a few water.正I want a little water.析不可數(shù)名詞前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some來(lái)修飾，但不可用many,few來(lái)修飾。誤Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me.正Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me.誤Tom's and Mary's family are waiting for us.正Tom's and Mary's families are wait

13、ing for us.誤I'm sorry. I have to go. Tom's families are waiting for me.正I'm sorry. I have to go. Tom's family are waiting for me.析集合名詞如果指某個(gè)集合的整體，則應(yīng)視為單數(shù)，如指某個(gè)集合體中的個(gè)體則應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:My family is a big family. When I came in, Tom's family were watching TV. 即湯姆一家人正在看電視。這樣的集合名詞有：family class,

14、 team等。誤Don't eat too much meats.正Don't eat too much meat.誤Food in that restaurant is very good.正The food in that restaurant is very good.析物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，在使用中不可以加s，即它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。也不可加不定冠詞。但如果用于特指某一物質(zhì)時(shí)可以加定冠詞。如：I don't like drinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good.誤Please give me t

15、wo waters.正Please give me two glasses of water.正Please give me two coffees.析物質(zhì)名詞如要加計(jì)量時(shí)，一定要加量詞，如：two cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread, a piece of bread,a box of sugar,a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange,a bag of earth例： I'll tell you a piece of good news.但只有coffee可以用

16、coffees來(lái)取代many cups of coffee.誤Can you give me the newspaper of today?正Can you give me today's newspaper?析加's構(gòu)成所有格的名詞一般應(yīng)指有生命的人或物。如：Mary's hair，但在英文的習(xí)慣用法中對(duì)時(shí)間、距離等名詞的所有格多用's來(lái)構(gòu)成而不用of結(jié)構(gòu)。如：a five minutes' walk.誤Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.正Please make room for the

17、 lady in the school bus.析英語(yǔ)中更多的名詞是含有多種用法和多種含意的，如： room為可數(shù)名詞時(shí)為“房間”，如：I live in Room 5.而room為抽象名詞時(shí)為空間上面一句話應(yīng)譯為“請(qǐng)給老婦人在校車上留個(gè)地方?！边@樣的詞還有：glass 玻璃glasses 眼鏡stone 石頭a stone 一塊石頭time 時(shí)間two times 兩次wood 木頭woods 樹(shù)林誤There is a flowers garden behind my house.正There is a flower garden behind my house.析名詞除了在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓

18、語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)外，還可以用來(lái)修飾另一個(gè)名詞，這時(shí)作修飾詞的名詞一般要用單數(shù)形式，如：shoe factory (鞋廠),post office(郵局),evening paper (晚報(bào)),night school (夜校),head master (校長(zhǎng)),a law school (法律學(xué)院)。但也有例外，如:a goods train(貨車),sports meeting (運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì))。誤My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning.正My mother bought two fish for supper this morning.析英

19、語(yǔ)中有些名詞單復(fù)同形，如：fish, deer, sheep, Chinese (中國(guó)人), means (方法)。所以應(yīng)講one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese. 如果講There are five fishes in the pool.應(yīng)譯為池中有五種魚(yú)而不是五條魚(yú)。誤Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend.正Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.析英語(yǔ)中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如： thanks, greens， 而有些詞單數(shù)形式與復(fù)數(shù)形式有不同

20、的詞意。如:clothes 為衣服，而cloth則是布， sand沙子，而sands是沙灘。誤I offered my son my congratulation on his success.正I offered my son my congratulations on his success.析英語(yǔ)中表示祝賀的詞雖有單數(shù)形式，但一般要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如握手為shake hands.誤We have five German in this meeting.正We have five Germans in this meeting.析英國(guó)人Englishman的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Englishmen，而

21、German 則要加s，因?yàn)樗皇怯蓢?guó)名與man的組合詞。誤There are two As in this word.正There are two A's in this word.析在大寫字母縮寫形式的復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)法中應(yīng)加s，但如字母是A、I時(shí)，為了防止與As和Is相混，則要用's即A's，I's誤There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number.正There are three 6's and two 3's in my telephone number.析在小寫字母與數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)法

22、中要用's誤We have many woman teachers in our school.正We have many women teachers in our school.析一般組合名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)只將詞中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)如：half brotherhalf brothers(同父異母或同母異父的兄弟)daughter in lawdaughtersin law,(兒媳)但要注意的是：man drivermen drivers(男司機(jī)) woman doctorwomen doctors(女大夫)grown upgrown ups(成年人) 但是boy student則變?yōu)閎o

23、y students誤Physics are very difficult to learn.正Physics is very difficult to learn.析雖以s結(jié)尾但只能用作單數(shù)名詞有：科學(xué)，學(xué)科名字：Physics. Mathematics politics游戲名稱：bowls 專有名稱：Niagara Falls(尼亞加拉瀑布) 其他名詞：news(消息，新聞)誤There is a people in the room.正There is a person in the room.正There is a man in the room.析people是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不可用作單數(shù)

24、，如要用來(lái)講一個(gè)人時(shí)應(yīng)用a person, a man, a woman。同樣的詞有police.要講一個(gè)警察時(shí)則要用a policeman, a policewoman。誤Where is my shoe?正Where are my shoes?析常常只用作復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞有trousers, pants, shorts(短褲)，socks(襪子),shoes, gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一個(gè)則要指明，這時(shí)還是應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：Where's my left glove?(我左手的手套在哪?)誤I paid five pennies for the sweet.正I paid

25、 five pence for the sweet.析英語(yǔ)中便士有兩個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)形式pence用來(lái)表達(dá)一定數(shù)量的錢。而pennies是指一個(gè)個(gè)的硬幣，如：I want to change this note for pennies.我想把這紙幣換成硬幣。(即一便士一個(gè)的硬幣)。誤There are many fruit in the shop.正There are many fruits in the shop.析物質(zhì)名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但是用來(lái)表示種類時(shí)則可以用作可數(shù)名詞，這里應(yīng)譯為各種各樣的水果。誤There is a new car. It is Jone's and Mary'

26、s.正There is a new car. It is Jone and Mary's.析有生命名詞的所有格，如果是單數(shù)名詞則加's如：Mary's car.如果是以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則只在s后面加如：teachers' offices.如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞但不是以s結(jié)尾，則只加s，如：children's palace 組合名詞的所有格是在最后一個(gè)詞尾加's如：girl friend girl friend's someone elsesomeone else's a week or threea week or three'

27、s如名詞后有同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，則應(yīng)加在同位語(yǔ)的詞尾上，如：It is my girl friend, Mary's car.要注意的是當(dāng)兩個(gè)名詞并列時(shí)，如表示歸兩人共同所有，則在最后一個(gè)名詞后面加's，如果表示分別所有則在兩個(gè)名詞后分別加's，如：This is Mary and Jone's home.即Mary與Jone是一家人。這是他們共同的家。而These are Mary's and Jone's homes.則應(yīng)譯為這里是Mary的家與Jone 的家。誤It is really beautiful. It is a work of natur

28、e.正It is really beautiful. It is a Nature's work.析無(wú)生命名詞的所有格應(yīng)用of結(jié)構(gòu)。但是's形式的所有格可用于以下無(wú)生命的名詞：表示時(shí)間的詞：today's newspaper, a twenty minutes' walk, an hour's, rest 表示長(zhǎng)度的詞：three metres' distance, a boat's length， twenty miles' journey 表示重量的名詞：two pounds' weight價(jià)格名詞：two dolla

29、rs'worth擬人化的名詞：Nature's work, nature's lesson(大自然的教訓(xùn))及國(guó)家、機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、城市等機(jī)構(gòu)性名詞：the university's library誤He is an old friend of my father.正He is an old friend of my father's.析這是英語(yǔ)中的一種習(xí)慣用法而不要根據(jù)語(yǔ)法去推理。如：This pen is Tom's.誤My father is a good cooker.正My father is a good cook.析一般動(dòng)詞加上er后則轉(zhuǎn)

30、意為執(zhí)行該動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，如:teach(教)teacher(老師),think(想)thinker(思想家),drive(開(kāi)車)driver(司機(jī)),sell(賣)seller(賣物者)但不能總是以此類推，比如cook是動(dòng)詞“做飯”。而cook也可作為名詞“廚師”講，而cooker則為廚具，餐具，即鍋、碗、勺等做飯用具。誤The young is dancing there.正The young are dancing there.析英文中用定冠詞加上形容詞表示一類人時(shí)應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：the rich 富人，the poor(窮人),the wise 聰明人，但如果用定冠詞加形容詞來(lái)表示事物

31、則要用作單數(shù)名詞，如：The beautiful is still here.美麗的風(fēng)景依舊。誤The stories of the book was written many years ago.正The stories of the book were written many years ago.析這句話的真正主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是stories，所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。誤This is one of the EnglishChinese dictionary.正This is one of the EnglishChinese dictionaries.析one of意為“之一”，of后面的名詞要用復(fù)

32、數(shù)形式。誤Let's go to uncle Wang for supper.正Let's go to uncle Wang's for supper.析uncle Wang's 意為“王叔叔家”，doctor's意為“醫(yī)院或私人診所”。誤I think we will make a friend with each other.正I think we will make friends with each other.析make friends 為習(xí)慣用法，即交朋友。誤I want to tell you much pieces of good new

33、s.正I want to tell you many pieces of good news.析news為不可數(shù)名詞，但加了量詞之后則要用many來(lái)修飾量詞，因量詞是可數(shù)名詞，或可以說(shuō)I want to tell you some good news.因some 即可用在可數(shù)名詞前，也可用在不可數(shù)名詞前作形容詞，如：I want to tell you some pieces of good news.誤The teacher with five students are coming here.正The teacher with five students is coming here.析要

34、注意由with引出的介詞短語(yǔ)不是本句的主語(yǔ)，這與連詞and有很大的區(qū)別，如：The teacher and five students are coming here. 這里由介詞引出的短語(yǔ)僅僅是teacher的修飾語(yǔ)。誤There are a lot of information here, but we don't need them.正There is a lot of information here, but we don't need it.析information為不可數(shù)名詞，而用作代替它的詞要用it而不能用them.誤Many a student make th

35、e same mistake in the exam.正Many a student makes the same mistake in the exam.析many a 加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，但其意為許多學(xué)生。誤The children wear very good cloth to go to school today.正The children wear very good clothes to go to school today.析英文中cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之詞：cloth是物質(zhì)名詞，意為“布”，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，而clothing

36、是指衣物的總稱，也沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothes是指衣服，但沒(méi)有單數(shù)形式，如：This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are made of fine cloth.英文中的dress則指較正規(guī)的服裝，如：a school dress 校服，an evening dress晚禮服。誤I like to study the English.正I like to study English.析作為一種學(xué)科名詞前不要用冠詞，而作為某一特指學(xué)科則要加冠詞，如：I like to study history. I like to stud

37、y the history of America.誤The Browns is going to visit China.正The Browns are going to visit China.析定冠詞加姓加s，則意為“Brown先生一家人”。所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此句應(yīng)譯為：Brown先生一家將要訪問(wèn)中國(guó)。(三) 例題解析1. Lucy and Lilyin the same class.A. am B. is C. are D. be 答案C.析由and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞來(lái)搭配謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 2. Which is the to the bus stop， please?A

38、 road B way C street D address 答案B.析這是考察同意詞辨析，road是指較寬闊的大道，意為“鄉(xiāng)間公路”，而street意為道路兩邊的建筑物較高，可視為街道之意，而way則多為要到達(dá)某地所要經(jīng)過(guò)的途徑，還可引深為方式、方法。而address則為“地址”。如：There is a car running along the country road. I live at 105 Park street. Can you show me the way to the National Museum? 3. Hurry up!There is time left.A l

39、ittle B a little C few D a few 答案A.析因time作為時(shí)間講為不可數(shù)名詞，所以不可用few，a few來(lái)修飾。另外，英文的表達(dá)法與中文不同，中文講，快點(diǎn)，時(shí)間不多了，而英文要講，快點(diǎn)，沒(méi)時(shí)間了。因此，要用little而不用a little. 4. How many can you see in the picture?A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato 答案B.析用How many提問(wèn)時(shí)，其名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，而tomato的復(fù)數(shù)要加es. 5. is the meat. Please?Ten yuan a kil

40、o.A How much B How many C How old D How long 答案A.析由對(duì)話的答語(yǔ)可看出其問(wèn)句問(wèn)的是價(jià)格。錢數(shù)作為整體、價(jià)格講時(shí)，不論其值是多少都是不可數(shù)名詞，要用how much 提問(wèn)。 6 The boy's name is James Allen Green. So his given name is.A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green答案A.析英文的習(xí)慣與中文不同，中文是姓在前名字在后，而英文則是姓在最后，其第一個(gè)名字是由父母所起的，中間的名字可能是父母、教父所起的，但都可稱作

41、given name,而姓在英文中是family name. 7 Shanghai is one of the biggestin our country.A city B city's C citys D cities答案D.析復(fù)音字母以y結(jié)尾的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要把y變成i再加es。one of 加名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。 8 Would you please pass me?A two paper B two papersC two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers答案C.析paper是不可數(shù)名詞，如講一張、兩張紙時(shí)，要用量詞piece

42、. 9 September 10th is Day.A Teacher B Teachers C Teacher's D Teachers'答案D.10 I only have bread for lunch today.A a bit B a bit of C little D few答案B.11 “What would you like, Ann? ”“I'd like two.”A glass of milk B glasses of milkC glass of milks D glasses of milks答案B.12 There isn't pap

43、er in the box. Will you go and get for me?A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any答案A.析any用于否定句與疑問(wèn)句，但如果要表達(dá)說(shuō)話者真心實(shí)意希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí)，問(wèn)句中要用some而不要按一般語(yǔ)法規(guī)律用any. 13 June 1st is.A Children's day B children's DayC Children's Day D children's day答案C.14 These foreign friends are.A German B Germ

44、en C Germany D Germans答案D.15 All the students are busy, so of them will go to the cinema.A many B little C a few D few答案D.析student是可數(shù)名詞，而few用于可數(shù)名詞，意為：幾乎沒(méi)有學(xué)生去電影院。 16 There are threeand sevenin the picture.A deers, sheeps B deers, sheepC deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps答案C.析deer與sheep均是單復(fù)同形的名詞。17 Whose room

45、is this? It's.A my B Kike's and John'sC our D Kike and John's答案D.析因?yàn)閞oom為單數(shù)，所以不可能是Kike的一間與John的一間，應(yīng)為二者共用的一間房子。二、 冠詞(一) 知識(shí)概要冠詞在英語(yǔ)中只有3個(gè)詞，分為兩類：不定冠詞a與an，定冠詞the。 a用在以輔音開(kāi)始的單數(shù)名詞前，an用于以元音開(kāi)始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來(lái)表示一類事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個(gè)或某些事物，可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。(二) 正誤辨析誤This building is an unive

46、rsity.正This building is a university.析a用于以輔音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前，而an用于以元音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前，而不是元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前。university的第一個(gè)音素是j，所以用a而不要用an。又如：There is a “n” in the word.是錯(cuò)句，應(yīng)為：There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素是元音。要注意的還有hour因其第一個(gè)字母h不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用an hour。例如：I need an hour to finish the work.It is a useful dictionary.It is a

47、 European country.I bought a used car.誤I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.正I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.析因umbrella的第一個(gè)音素是元音，所以應(yīng)用an.常用的情況有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy。誤“Can you help me” “Sorry, I'm in hurry.”正“C

48、an you help me” “Sorry. I'm in a hurry.”析不定冠詞的主要用法如下：1. 用來(lái)表示一類人或事物，如：She is a teacher.2. 指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè)，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.3. 泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate.4. 相當(dāng)于“one”的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.5. 其主要的難點(diǎn)是用在固定詞組中：如：have a walk/a rest /a look又如：in

49、 a hurry 匆匆忙忙make a face 作鬼臉do somebody a favour 幫某人忙a number of =many又如：have a good time (玩得好)have a cold (感冒)have a headache (頭痛)have a break=have a rest誤I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.正I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.析在文章中第一次提到某物時(shí)用不定冠詞，而第

50、二次提到時(shí)用定冠詞。誤Please turn off lights before you leave.正Please turn off the lights before you leave.析雖然是第一次提到某物但說(shuō)話雙方均知其所指，也應(yīng)用定冠詞。誤There are nine planets around a sun.正There are nine planets around the sun.析世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.誤I live on a second floor of t

51、his building.正I live on the second floor of this building.析在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)前要用定冠詞。如：He is the oldest in the family.誤I want to learn the second language this term.正I want to learn a second language this term.析在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順序中的第一第二，而其意在于再學(xué)一個(gè)，再來(lái)一個(gè)時(shí)，應(yīng)用a，本句的意思應(yīng)為：這學(xué)期我要學(xué)一門第二外語(yǔ)。誤Mississippi is one of the longest riv

52、ers in the world.正The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.析在河流名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the Yellow River(黃河)。誤Look, there are Alp.誤Look, there are the Alp.正Look, there are the Alps.析具體的某一座山不加定冠詞，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名稱前加定冠詞后，其山名要加s，來(lái)表示山脈。the Alps即為阿爾卑斯山脈。如:The Alps are in the center of Europe.誤Times

53、 is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.正The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.析報(bào)刊名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞。誤Rich are not always happy.正The rich are not always happy.析在形容詞前加定冠詞表示一類人，而在姓的前面加定冠詞，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.誤I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells

54、 in this shop is very good.正I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.析物質(zhì)名詞特指時(shí)也應(yīng)加定冠詞。誤The sun rises in east.正The sun rises in the east.析在方向、方位前應(yīng)用定冠詞，如：in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及in the past, in the future誤Do you know who

55、 invented telephone正Do you know who invented the telephone析在特定和專有事物或名稱前要加定冠詞，如：the English Channel 英吉利海峽the Panama Canal 巴拿馬運(yùn)河the Suez Canal 蘇伊士運(yùn)河誤Would you please buy some food for the supper正Would you please buy some food for supper析泛指一日三餐前無(wú)定冠詞。誤I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.正I like to climb the mountain in autumn.析一年四季前不用定冠詞，如：Spring is the best season in a year.誤Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.正Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.析有些名詞被用作其本身原來(lái)所含目的時(shí)不加冠詞，如：go to school上學(xué)，leave school(輟學(xué))，after school(放學(xué))，但如果當(dāng)建筑物講時(shí)應(yīng)加冠詞，如例句中其父母來(lái)校不是上學(xué)，而是看望孩子，則要加定