教學目標情態(tài)動詞

1、第二 講 動詞教學目標：情態(tài)動詞教學重難點：情態(tài)動詞教學內容：情態(tài)動詞 一、考點聚焦 1、 情態(tài)動詞的基本用法 (1)can、be able to 和could can和be able to都表示能力，意思上沒多大區(qū)別。但can只有現(xiàn)在和過去時，而be able to則有更多的形式。但當成功地完成某一具體動作時，通常不用could而用was/were able to來表示。這時was/were able to 相當于managed to，表示經(jīng)過一番努力，終于能夠完成某事。如： Can you use chopsticks? The wounded man still was able to

2、get to the village and was saved in the end. can和could can和could都可以表示能力、技能、許可、建議或請求和可能性。但比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法，一般用could，回答時則用can。如： Could you help me carry the bag? Can I help you? (2)may/might may/might表示可能，但may比might可能性大。如：-Why isnt he in class? He may be sick.(生病的可能性較大) He might be sick.(生病的可能性較小) may

3、/might表示“允許”，may用于現(xiàn)在時或將來時，might常用在間接引語中表過去時，但might也可用于現(xiàn)在時間，表示比較委婉的語氣，回答用may。如： He says we may leave. He said we might leave. may / might 表示建議或請求，但might比may 更客氣，意思更肯定而無過去時態(tài)的含義。 Yes, you can / may. May / Might I use your bike? No, you mustnt （3）must must表示必須，應該，沒有時態(tài)變化。如： You must do everything as I do

4、. must表示肯定的推測。如： The light is still on, so he must be at home. mustnt 表示禁止做某事。如： You mustnt smoke in the office. （4）have to have to 表示“必須、不得不”，是由于某種外界（客觀）原因而“必須”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示經(jīng)常的或習慣性的事“必須”做。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多種時態(tài)中。如： You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army. I have to be

5、 at my office every evening. （5）should / ought to should和ought to表示應當、應該，前者比后者語氣輕。如： You should / ought to work hard. should / ought to work hard. Since she is not here, whe should / ought to be in the classroom. should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。如： Children shouldnt smoke. should可表示陳述意見，推出建議或請求；而ought t

6、o可以表示勸告之意。如： You ought to respect your parents. He suggested that they should leave at once. （6）will / would will 用于各種人稱表示“意志”、“意愿”或“決心”等，否定式wont + 動詞。如： I will tell you all about it. Tom wont do such a thing. will用于疑問句中，常用在第二稱時表示說話人向對方提出“請求”或“詢問”如： Will you please tell her the news when you see her

7、? will 表示習慣性的動作，有“總是”、“慣于”的含義。如： Fish will die out of water. would 表示客氣的請求、建議或意愿。如： Would you please be quiet? Would you like coffee? would 表示過去反復發(fā)生的動作。如： When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago. （7）need need 作“必要”講，既可作情態(tài)動詞，也可作實義動詞。作實義動詞時后面的動詞不定式要帶to，其變化與一般動詞相同。如： I

8、 need to think it over. Need you go now? Yes, I must./No, I neednt （8）dare dare表示“敢”的意思。作為情態(tài)動詞時，主要用在疑問句和否定句中。dare若作實義動詞，后面可帶to的不定式，此時to也可以省略。dare與need的用法相似。如： How dare you say that? She doesnt date(to)ask her father. （9）used to used to表示過去常常發(fā)生的動作或存在的習慣，但現(xiàn)在已不復存在了。如： He used to smoke. （10）shall shall作

9、為情態(tài)動詞用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、威脅、強制”和“允許”等意思。如： We shall do as our teacher says. You shall have the book as soon as I finish it. 在疑問句中，shall用于征求對方的意見或請求指示，常用于第一、第三人稱。如： Where shall he wait for us? Shall we go out for a walk? 2、情態(tài)動詞表示推測或判斷的用法 下表即是表示推測的情態(tài)動詞使用的場合： 情態(tài)動詞 對現(xiàn)在和未來的推測 對過去的推測 使 用 場 合 must

10、must + 動詞原形 must have done 肯定句 may / might may / might + 動詞原形 May / might have done 肯定句、否定句 can /could can / could do Can / could have done 否定句、疑問名（could可用于肯定句） should 用來表示一種估計的情況“按理會/估計會”should do/be should have done 肯定句、否定句、疑問句 例如： It must have rained last night. She may not be at home. = It is po

11、ssible that she is not at home. She cant be at home. = It is impossible that she is at home. They should be there right now. 3、情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法 情態(tài)動詞用于虛擬語氣中表示責備的感情色彩，用法如下： （1）should have done表示“本來應該做某事而實際上未做”，而shouldnt have done則表示“本不應該做某事而實際上做了”。如： You should have told me about it earlier. You shouldnt

12、 have said such words to your parents. （2）ought to have done也表示“本應該”而ought not to have done則意為“本不應該”。如： You ought to have told me about it earlier. You ought not to have said such words to your parents. （3）neednt have done表示“本無必要做某事而實際上做了”。如： You neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.

13、（4）could have done表示“本來有可能而事實上未做到”。如： I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way. 二、精典名題導解 選擇填空 1. I was really anxious about you. You_home without a word.(NMET 2001) A.mustnt have B.shouldnt have left C.couldnt have left D.neednt have 解析：答案為B。本題考查的是情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法。題目給出的條件是“我確實非常擔心你”，因此后面可

14、知應是責備you不應該沒說一句話就離開了。 2.Are you coming to Jeffs party? Im not sure. I_ go to the concert instead.(NMET 2000) A.must B.would C.should D.might 解析：答案為D。本題考查情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。由題目中“Im not sure”,表明我可能去Jeffs party，也可能去音樂會，故用might。 3. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me.(NMET 99) A.I m

15、ustnt B.I cant C.I neednt D.I wont 解析：答案為B。本題考查表示請求的英語口語，用will來向第二人稱提問的疑問結構，是表示一種請求和意愿，是用疑問的形式來表達較為婉轉的祈使語氣，意思是“請你，好嗎”，對于這種問句的肯定回答是：Suree! Gertainly! Yes, of course. Id be glad to 等；否定回答通常是：Im sorry, I cant. No, Im afraid I cant. Im sorry, but Id like to, but 等。注意情態(tài)動詞表客氣的用法及其在一般疑問句中的問與答。 情態(tài)動詞 1I thou

16、ght you 1ike somethjng to read，so I have brought you some books Amay Bmight Ccould Dmust 2There was plenty of timeShe Amustnt have hurried Bcouldnt have hurried Cmust not hurry Dneednt have hurried 3The plant is deadI it more water AWill give Bwould have given Cmust give Dshould have given 4You retu

17、rn the book nowYou can keep it till next week if you like Acant Bmustnt Cneednt Dmay not 5Tom ought not to me your secret，but he meant no harm Ahave told Btell Cbe telling Dhaving told 6He you more help，even though he was very busy Amight have given Bmight give Cmay have given Dmay give 7He at the m

18、eeting this morningHe was in hospital at the time Acouldnt have spoken Bmustnt have spoken Cshouldnt have spoken Dneednt have spoken 8He must be in the classroom， he? Amustnt Bcant Cisnt Dcan 9You were driving at 100 km an hour，sir But officer，I My car cant go more than 80 Amay not have been Bcouldn

19、t have been Cwouldnt have been Dneednt have been 10Did you visit the famous museum? NoWe it，but we spent too much time shopping Acould have visited Bmust have viste Ccant have visited Dshouldnt have visited 11When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon They be ready by 12：00 Acan

20、Bshould Cmight Dneed 12You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do Aneednt to come Bdont need come Cdont need coming Dneednt come 13Put on more clothesYou be feeling cold with only a shirt on Acan Bcould Cwould Dmust 14There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well It a comfortable journey Acant be Bshouldnt be Cmustnt have been Dcouldnt have been 15I think all drivers seat belts Ashould wear Bhad better wear Ccan wear Dhave to wear 16Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow