新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教材第三冊U-06A

1、How to Prepare for EarthquakesUnit 6 Section A2ContentsContentsLead-inPre-reading3Lead-in Today, we are to take up the topic “Earthquakes”. Since many parts of our country belong to areas where earthquakes are common, it is necessary for us to learn about how to deal with earthquake. So our topic-ce

2、ntered lead-in begins with the question as follows:4Tips 1. What does a strong earthquake bring to us? Tips Like it or not, the earthquakes are a disaster we have to be faced with at all times. This is because they are like ghosts haunting upon us without any fixed pattern of time and space. In this

3、 case, it is much better for us to know more about them. My first question is: It brings instant ruin upon the fruits of our labor, such as ;2) It gives rise to secondary disasters like ;3) It takes a heavy toll of human lives, as in ;4) It gives us a great insight into ;5Tips 2. How to predict a st

4、rong earthquake?Tips1) Weather conditions?2) Radon or hydrogen gas content of soil or ground water?3) Water level in wells?4) Animal behavior? 6Tips 3. How to prepare ourselves well for a big earthquake? Before an earthquake1) Keep handy a survival kit, in which ;2) Know the safe locations in your h

5、ome;3) Arrange for the way of family unity;During an earthquake4) If outdoors, get away from high objects;5) If indoors, stay away from windows;6) If driving, pull over and stop;Tips7Watch and DiscussDirections: Watch the video and then discuss the topics as follows:Video watchingHow much do you kno

6、w about other natural disasters? Whats your insight into earthquakes? KeyKeyEarthquake9Pre-reading1234567What should people in areas where earthquakes are common do to prepare their houses?Why are people in these region suggested to prepare something that can clean water and kill bacteria?What shoul

7、d be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related projects?How are most of the people killed in earthquakes?What do architects do to prevent property damage?What have the scientists done in Japan in order to detect movements?What is the sensible way to keep all the family memb

8、ers informed of each other in large earthquake-stricken city?10Topic-centered Analysis of TextHow to deal with the topic?The writer centers his writing on three aspects of the topic earthquake prediction, earthquake prevention, and earthquake preparation. In the end, he concludes his writing with mo

9、re emphasis placed on peoples preparation for earthquakes. 11predictionpreventionpreparationmaterialstructureindividualfacilitiessurvival suppliescommunicationBuilding12Para. 1a Ideally, people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will be. In both Japan and China,

10、people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast. In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements. The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes. Text Analyzing and Reading13Para. 1b For example, the Chinese have noted that

11、 before an earthquake, hens behavior changesthey refuse to enter their cages at night. They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot, even normally quiet dogs. Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan, there were reports of large schools of fish

12、swimming near the surface of the water. Text Analyzing and Reading句型句型14Para. 1c Certain birds, like pigeons, also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before the earthquake. Perhaps most interesting, and most easily measured, is a chemical change in groun

13、d water before a quake. Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon (Rn) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake. Text Analyzing and Reading句型句型15Para. 2a People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquak

14、es. After all, most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings. Therefore, building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern. Steel seems to be the best material, but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure. Text Analyzing and Reading句

15、型句型16Para. 2b Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint, an I-joint, which appears to be the most durable type of joint. These joints of steel can move without breaking. Also, to prevent property damage, architects now design buildings so that the buildings columns and horizontal

16、beams are of equal strength, and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil. Text Analyzing and Reading17Para. 2c In addition, many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls. Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclose

17、d in steel. Text Analyzing and Reading18Para. 3 Besides working to improve building structures, people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake. They should regularly check and reinforce their homes, place heavy objects in low positions, attach

18、cupboards and cabinets to walls, and fasten doors so that they will not open accidentally during an earthquake.Text Analyzing and Reading19Para. 4a In addition to preparing their houses, people in these regions need to prepare themselves. They should have supplies of water and food at home and at wo

19、rk. It is best to store several gallons of water per person. It is also important to have something that can clean water and kill bacteria, so water from other sources can be made safe to drink. Text Analyzing and Reading句型句型20Para. 4b Store one weeks food for each person. Earthquake survival suppli

20、es include a radio receiver, a torch, extra batteries, first aid supplies, a spade, a tent, some rope, and warm clothing. Experts also suggest the following:Text Analyzing and Reading21Para. 5a Keep a fire extinguisher handy. You should have one at home, at work, and in your car (if you have one). T

21、he fire extinguisher should be able to put out any type of fire. Have the proper tools to turn off gas and water lines if necessary. Arrange an auxiliary cooking and heating source that can be used outside. One alternative is a portable camp stove with small cans of gas. Text Analyzing and Reading22

22、Para. 5b Keep a pair of heavy, comfortable shoes or boots in your home, at work, and in your vehicle. If there is an earthquake, there will be lots of fragments of broken glass. Light shoes will not protect your feet as well as heavy shoes will.Text Analyzing and Reading23Text Analyzing and ReadingP

23、ara. 6a Every family needs to have earthquake emergency plans. How will family members leave the area during the chaos following an earthquake? Everyone should agree on a meeting point outside of the areaperhaps in a town several miles away. Also important is an arrangement for family members to com

24、municate if there is an earthquake. 句型句型24Para. 6b If an earthquake happens in a large city, many of the telephone lines within the city are likely to be down. The few remaining working lines will be busy with the calls that naturally occur after a disaster and it will be difficult to call from one

25、part of the city to another. It might, however, be possible to call outside the city. A sensible arrangement is to have all of the members of the family call to check in with a friend or relative who lives more than a hundred miles away.Text Analyzing and Reading25Para. 7a Although scientists still

26、cannot predict earthquakes, they are learning a great deal about how the large plates in the Earths crust move, the stresses between plates, how earthquakes work, and the general probability that a given place will have an earthquake. Someday soon it may actually become possible to predict earthquak

27、es with accuracy. Text Analyzing and Reading26Para. 7b However, even if prediction becomes possible, people who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence will still have to do their best to prevent disasters by building structures that are resistant to ground movement and by being pers

28、onally prepared. These precautions can make a great difference in saving lives and preventing the loss of homes. Education concerning how to survive an earthquake should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects. Text Analyzing and Reading句型句型如何做好防震準(zhǔn)備如何

29、做好防震準(zhǔn)備 Para. 1a 從理想上說，人們希望知道地震什從理想上說，人們希望知道地震什么時(shí)候發(fā)生，破壞程度會如何。在日本和中么時(shí)候發(fā)生，破壞程度會如何。在日本和中國，人們長期以來一直相信地震是可以預(yù)測國，人們長期以來一直相信地震是可以預(yù)測的。在日本，科學(xué)家在陸地上和海洋中鋪設(shè)的。在日本，科學(xué)家在陸地上和海洋中鋪設(shè)電線，以監(jiān)測它們的運(yùn)動。而中國人的傳統(tǒng)電線，以監(jiān)測它們的運(yùn)動。而中國人的傳統(tǒng)做法是觀察動植物以獲取地震的警示信號。做法是觀察動植物以獲取地震的警示信號。 Para. 1b 例如，中國人注意到，地震之例如，中國人注意到，地震之前母雞的行為會有所異常：它們夜晚不肯前母雞的行為會有所異

30、常：它們夜晚不肯進(jìn)籠。他們還注意到，蛇會爬出地穴而凍進(jìn)籠。他們還注意到，蛇會爬出地穴而凍死，狗會狂吠不已，甚至那些平常很安靜死，狗會狂吠不已，甚至那些平常很安靜的狗也會叫個(gè)不停。日本的阪神地震發(fā)生的狗也會叫個(gè)不停。日本的阪神地震發(fā)生之前，有報(bào)告說大批魚群游到了水面。之前，有報(bào)告說大批魚群游到了水面。 Para. 1c 有些鳥，如鴿子，也顯得特別聒噪，有些鳥，如鴿子，也顯得特別聒噪，據(jù)說地震前它們飛行的方式也與往常不同。據(jù)說地震前它們飛行的方式也與往常不同。也許最有趣、也最容易測量的，是地震前地也許最有趣、也最容易測量的，是地震前地下水發(fā)生的化學(xué)變化。實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)似乎表明，下水發(fā)生的化學(xué)變化。實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)

31、據(jù)似乎表明，地震前地下水中氡的含量會增高。地震前地下水中氡的含量會增高。 Para. 2a 人們還希望能夠預(yù)防地震會造人們還希望能夠預(yù)防地震會造成的重大財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。要知道，多數(shù)在地成的重大財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。要知道，多數(shù)在地震中喪生的人都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死震中喪生的人都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的。所以，具有抗震能力的房屋結(jié)構(gòu)是的。所以，具有抗震能力的房屋結(jié)構(gòu)是關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。鋼似乎是最佳的建材，但關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。鋼似乎是最佳的建材，但一旦被焊接成僵硬的結(jié)構(gòu)就不行了。一旦被焊接成僵硬的結(jié)構(gòu)就不行了。 Para. 2b 許多新式結(jié)構(gòu)都采用了一種新型的許多新式結(jié)構(gòu)都采用了一種新型的鋼接合方法，即鋼接合方法，即 I 形接合

32、，它看來是最耐用形接合，它看來是最耐用的一種接合。這種鋼接合在移動時(shí)不會斷裂。的一種接合。這種鋼接合在移動時(shí)不會斷裂。同樣，為了預(yù)防財(cái)產(chǎn)損失，建筑師如今設(shè)計(jì)同樣，為了預(yù)防財(cái)產(chǎn)損失，建筑師如今設(shè)計(jì)樓房時(shí)會使房屋的支柱和橫梁力度相等，而樓房時(shí)會使房屋的支柱和橫梁力度相等，而垂直支柱則深深插入堅(jiān)實(shí)的地基中。垂直支柱則深深插入堅(jiān)實(shí)的地基中。Para. 2c 此外，許多新型房屋都采此外，許多新型房屋都采用了較輕的屋頂和堅(jiān)實(shí)的墻壁。高用了較輕的屋頂和堅(jiān)實(shí)的墻壁。高架橋的水泥柱先前只是在內(nèi)部有鋼架橋的水泥柱先前只是在內(nèi)部有鋼筋，如今外面也包上了鋼板。筋，如今外面也包上了鋼板。Para. 3 除了設(shè)法改善建筑

33、結(jié)構(gòu)外，地除了設(shè)法改善建筑結(jié)構(gòu)外，地震頻發(fā)區(qū)的人們也需要為可能發(fā)生的大震頻發(fā)區(qū)的人們也需要為可能發(fā)生的大地震做好防備工作。他們應(yīng)當(dāng)定期檢查地震做好防備工作。他們應(yīng)當(dāng)定期檢查和加固房屋，將重物放在低處，將櫥柜和加固房屋，將重物放在低處，將櫥柜和柜子貼墻放置，加固房門以防地震時(shí)和柜子貼墻放置，加固房門以防地震時(shí)意外脫開。意外脫開。Para. 4a 除做好房屋的防震外，這些地區(qū)除做好房屋的防震外，這些地區(qū)的人們還需要為自身做些防備。他們應(yīng)該的人們還需要為自身做些防備。他們應(yīng)該在家里和工作地儲備些水和食物。最好每在家里和工作地儲備些水和食物。最好每人儲備幾加侖水。儲備一些可以凈化水和人儲備幾加侖水。儲

34、備一些可以凈化水和消滅病菌的東西也很重要，這樣就可以安消滅病菌的東西也很重要，這樣就可以安全地飲用其他來源的水了。全地飲用其他來源的水了。 Para. 4b 每人準(zhǔn)備一周的食物。地震每人準(zhǔn)備一周的食物。地震救生儲備還包括無線電接收器、手電、救生儲備還包括無線電接收器、手電、備用電池、急救用品、鐵鍬、帳篷、備用電池、急救用品、鐵鍬、帳篷、繩子和保暖衣物。此外，專家們還提繩子和保暖衣物。此外，專家們還提出了以下建議：出了以下建議： Para. 5a 手邊備有滅火器。應(yīng)該在住處、工作場手邊備有滅火器。應(yīng)該在住處、工作場所和汽車?yán)铮ㄈ绻阌熊嚨脑挘┒即娣乓粋€(gè)。滅所和汽車?yán)铮ㄈ绻阌熊嚨脑挘┒即娣乓粋€(gè)。

35、滅火器應(yīng)該是可以撲滅任何火災(zāi)的那種。有必要的火器應(yīng)該是可以撲滅任何火災(zāi)的那種。有必要的話，準(zhǔn)備一些能關(guān)閉煤氣和自來水管道的特制工話，準(zhǔn)備一些能關(guān)閉煤氣和自來水管道的特制工具。準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)備用的戶外烹調(diào)和取暖用具，可以具。準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)備用的戶外烹調(diào)和取暖用具，可以準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)便攜式露營灶和幾小罐煤氣。準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)便攜式露營灶和幾小罐煤氣。 Para. 5b 在住處、工作場所和汽車?yán)锓旁谧√?、工作場所和汽車?yán)锓乓浑p厚重、舒適的鞋或靴子。發(fā)生地震一雙厚重、舒適的鞋或靴子。發(fā)生地震時(shí)會有大量的玻璃碎片。輕便的鞋子不時(shí)會有大量的玻璃碎片。輕便的鞋子不能像厚重的鞋子那樣保護(hù)好你的雙腳。能像厚重的鞋子那樣保護(hù)好你的雙腳。P

36、ara. 6a 每個(gè)家庭都需要制定地震應(yīng)急計(jì)劃。每個(gè)家庭都需要制定地震應(yīng)急計(jì)劃。如何讓一家人在地震的混亂中安全離開？大如何讓一家人在地震的混亂中安全離開？大家應(yīng)該商定一個(gè)地震區(qū)外的會合點(diǎn)家應(yīng)該商定一個(gè)地震區(qū)外的會合點(diǎn)可能可能是在幾英里外的某個(gè)市鎮(zhèn)。同樣，協(xié)商好地是在幾英里外的某個(gè)市鎮(zhèn)。同樣，協(xié)商好地震時(shí)家人的聯(lián)絡(luò)方式也很重要。震時(shí)家人的聯(lián)絡(luò)方式也很重要。 Para. 6b 地震若發(fā)生在大城市，市里的許多電話地震若發(fā)生在大城市，市里的許多電話線路很可能中斷，剩下的為數(shù)不多的可用線路會線路很可能中斷，剩下的為數(shù)不多的可用線路會很忙，因?yàn)闉?zāi)難之后自然會有許多電話，要從市很忙，因?yàn)闉?zāi)難之后自然會有許多

37、電話，要從市里的一個(gè)地方打到另一個(gè)地方會很困難。但可能里的一個(gè)地方打到另一個(gè)地方會很困難。但可能通向市外的電話是通的。明智的安排是，讓所有通向市外的電話是通的。明智的安排是，讓所有的家人都給一個(gè)住在一百多英里之外的朋友或親的家人都給一個(gè)住在一百多英里之外的朋友或親戚打個(gè)電話，以報(bào)平安。戚打個(gè)電話，以報(bào)平安。Para. 7a 盡管科學(xué)家們?nèi)詿o法預(yù)測地震，但盡管科學(xué)家們?nèi)詿o法預(yù)測地震，但對地殼中的大板塊如何移動，板塊間的壓力對地殼中的大板塊如何移動，板塊間的壓力如何，地震如何發(fā)生，某地區(qū)發(fā)生地震的一如何，地震如何發(fā)生，某地區(qū)發(fā)生地震的一般概率為多少，他們了解得越來越多。在不般概率為多少，他們了解得

38、越來越多。在不久的將來，精確預(yù)測地震將成為可能。久的將來，精確預(yù)測地震將成為可能。 Para. 7b 然而，即使可以預(yù)測，居住在地震頻然而，即使可以預(yù)測，居住在地震頻發(fā)區(qū)的人們還是應(yīng)盡力預(yù)防災(zāi)難，辦法是建造發(fā)區(qū)的人們還是應(yīng)盡力預(yù)防災(zāi)難，辦法是建造能夠抵抗地表運(yùn)動的房屋，同時(shí)做好個(gè)人準(zhǔn)備。能夠抵抗地表運(yùn)動的房屋，同時(shí)做好個(gè)人準(zhǔn)備。在挽救生命和防止家庭損失方面，這些預(yù)防措在挽救生命和防止家庭損失方面，這些預(yù)防措施會發(fā)揮很大的作用。教育人們?nèi)绾卧诘卣鹬惺l(fā)揮很大的作用。教育人們?nèi)绾卧诘卣鹬星笊?，?yīng)該是所有政府規(guī)劃和地震研究項(xiàng)目的求生，應(yīng)該是所有政府規(guī)劃和地震研究項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)所在。重點(diǎn)所在。日本的阪神

39、地震發(fā)生之前，有報(bào)告說大批魚群日本的阪神地震發(fā)生之前，有報(bào)告說大批魚群游到了水面。游到了水面。 BackBefore the Hanshin earthquake in Japan, there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water. 原原 句句 譯譯 文文逆逆 譯譯 練練 習(xí)習(xí)There be reports of sb. / sth. doing sth. 有報(bào)有報(bào)道說某人物道說某人物 用于提供用于提供“佐證或事實(shí)佐證或事實(shí)”。 產(chǎn)產(chǎn) 生生 式式 提提 煉煉應(yīng)應(yīng) 用用 提提

40、示示Backathletes from every country / offer fine service to sb. 典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示 During the Beijing Olympic Games, there were many reports of China offering fine service to athletes from every country. Back也許最有趣、也最容易測量的，是地震前地下水也許最有趣、也最容易測量的，是地震前地下水發(fā)生的化學(xué)變化。發(fā)生的化學(xué)變化。 BackPerhaps most interesting, a

41、nd most easily measured, is a chemical change in ground water before a quake. 原原 句句 譯譯 文文逆逆 譯譯 練練 習(xí)習(xí)Perhaps most + adj. / p.p., and most adj. / p.p., be 也許最也許最、也最、也最的，是的，是用于強(qiáng)調(diào)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)“事物最顯著的特性事物最顯著的特性”。 產(chǎn)產(chǎn) 生生 式式 提提 煉煉應(yīng)應(yīng) 用用 提提 示示Backmost marvelous / in various fields of study /a rapid renewal of knowledg

42、e典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示現(xiàn)代社會里，也許最令人驚嘆的、也最顯而易見現(xiàn)代社會里，也許最令人驚嘆的、也最顯而易見的，是各研究領(lǐng)域知識的快速更新。的，是各研究領(lǐng)域知識的快速更新。 In modern society, perhaps most marvelous, and most easily seen, is a rapid renewal of knowledge in various fields of study. Back鋼似乎是最佳的建材，但一旦被焊接成僵硬的結(jié)鋼似乎是最佳的建材，但一旦被焊接成僵硬的結(jié)構(gòu)就不行了。構(gòu)就不行了。 BackSteel seems to

43、 be the best material, but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure. 原原 句句 譯譯 文文逆逆 譯譯 練練 習(xí)習(xí)Sb. / Sth. seem to be , but not if 某人某人物似乎是物似乎是，但一旦，但一旦就并非如此了。就并非如此了。用于闡明用于闡明“事物的辯證關(guān)系事物的辯證關(guān)系 ”。 產(chǎn)產(chǎn) 生生 式式 提提 煉煉應(yīng)應(yīng) 用用 提提 示示Backa good source of information / make undue use of 典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示互聯(lián)網(wǎng)似乎是最好

44、的信息源，但使用不當(dāng)就不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)似乎是最好的信息源，但使用不當(dāng)就不是這樣了。這樣了。 The Internet seems to be the best source of information, but not if it is made undue use of.Back除做好房屋的防震外，這些地區(qū)的人們還需要為除做好房屋的防震外，這些地區(qū)的人們還需要為自身做些防備。自身做些防備。 In addition to preparing their houses, people in these regions need to prepare themselves.原原 句句 譯譯 文文逆逆

45、譯譯 練練 習(xí)習(xí)BackIn addition to doing sth., sb. need to do sth. else. 除了做某事，某人還需做除了做某事，某人還需做用于表述用于表述“給人的建議給人的建議”。 產(chǎn)產(chǎn) 生生 式式 提提 煉煉應(yīng)應(yīng) 用用 提提 示示Backgeared to the challenges of the future / build up ones special knowledge / refine ones sentiment 典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示面向未來的大學(xué)生，除了積累專業(yè)知識外，還需面向未來的大學(xué)生，除了積累專業(yè)知識外，還需陶

46、冶情操。陶冶情操。 In addition to building up their special knowledge, the college students geared to the challenges of the future need to refine their sentiments. Back同樣，協(xié)商好地震時(shí)家人的聯(lián)絡(luò)方式也很重要。同樣，協(xié)商好地震時(shí)家人的聯(lián)絡(luò)方式也很重要。 BackAlso important is an arrangement for family members to communicate if there is an earthquake.

47、原原 句句 譯譯 文文逆逆 譯譯 練練 習(xí)習(xí)Also important be sth. / to do sth. 某事某事做做 也很重要。也很重要。 用于表述用于表述“給人的建議給人的建議”。 產(chǎn)產(chǎn) 生生 式式 提提 煉煉應(yīng)應(yīng) 用用 提提 示示Backhave a goal for life / changes in things around / a timely adjustment of sth. to sth. 典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示人要有人生目標(biāo)。同樣，根據(jù)周圍事物的變化及人要有人生目標(biāo)。同樣，根據(jù)周圍事物的變化及時(shí)調(diào)整目標(biāo)也很重要。時(shí)調(diào)整目標(biāo)也很重要。One

48、 needs to have a goal for life. Also important is a timely adjustment of ones goal to changes in things around. Back教育人們?nèi)绾卧诘卣鹬星笊瑧?yīng)該是所有政府規(guī)教育人們?nèi)绾卧诘卣鹬星笊?，?yīng)該是所有政府規(guī)劃和地震研究項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)所在。劃和地震研究項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)所在。 BackEducation concerning how to survive an earthquake should be a major emphasis for all government programs and

49、earthquake-related research projects.原原 句句 譯譯 文文逆逆 譯譯 練練 習(xí)習(xí)Education / Instruction concerning sth. should be a major emphasis for sth. else. 關(guān)關(guān)于于的教育，應(yīng)該是的教育，應(yīng)該是的重點(diǎn)所在。的重點(diǎn)所在。 用于表述用于表述“人對事物的見解人對事物的見解”。 產(chǎn)產(chǎn) 生生 式式 提提 煉煉應(yīng)應(yīng) 用用 提提 示示Backhow to develop a lifelong habit of study / the reform in college curriculum典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示教育大學(xué)生如何養(yǎng)成終生學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，將是大學(xué)課教育大學(xué)生如何養(yǎng)成終生學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，將是大學(xué)課程改革的重點(diǎn)所在。程改革的重點(diǎn)所在。Education concerning how