初中英語中的“主謂一致”

1、淺談初中英語中的淺談初中英語中的“主謂一致主謂一致”江蘇省西亭高級中學(xué) 曹智勇 有關(guān)“主謂一致”的試題，在近幾年的中考英語試題中以多種形式出現(xiàn)。如：單項選擇、單句改錯、短文改錯、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換、時態(tài)填空等，題型多樣。不少學(xué)生對此類試題迷惑不解，望而生畏，不知從何下手。為了使同學(xué)們掌握它，現(xiàn)對初中英語中“主謂一致的問題歸納總結(jié)如下n一、最基本的主謂一致規(guī)則n初中課本中最基本的主謂一致規(guī)則是：單則單，復(fù)則復(fù)，即主語為單數(shù)時，謂語動詞也用相應(yīng)的單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞也用相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：I am a teacher. We are teachers. 但要注意：當(dāng)表示時間、長度、距離、金錢

2、、度量等詞組作主語時，常將其看作是一個整體，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：Two years is quite a long time. Ten dollars is enough.另外，加減乘除也常當(dāng)作整體對待，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。例如：Forty-one plus fifty-nine is one hundred. How much is ninety-nine minus sixty-two?n二、集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的使用nfamily, class, team等集體名詞作主語時，若指一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；但若指其成員時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：The family

3、is very big. Their family are watching TV now.n三、neither. nor., either.or., not.but.，not only. but also.等連詞連接兩個名詞(或代詞)作主語時，謂語動詞要與靠近它的主語一致。例如：Neither he nor I know anything about it. Not only the students but also the teacher has visited the museum. there be結(jié)構(gòu)也屬于此類。例如：There is a teacher,a desk, a bla

4、ckboard, some desks and some chairs in the classroom.但要注意：bothand表示和都，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Both his father and mother are doctors.n四、兩個主語用and連接時，謂語動詞的使用n and連接兩個名詞(或代詞)作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Mary and Helen are good friends.但要注意：and連接的兩個名詞只表示一個概念時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：A singer and dancer is coming.一個歌手兼舞蹈家就要來了。n五、po

5、litics, physics, works, the United States, news, maths等詞作主語時，謂語動詞的使用n這類形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，意義上卻是單數(shù)的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：The news is very exciting. Physics is a bit difficult for me.但要注意有些名詞，如：people(人；人們), police等則是形式為單數(shù)，意義是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：People there are very friendlyn六、不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的使用n1.something, everything

6、, anything, nothing, everybody, anybody, nobody, everyone, anyone等復(fù)合不定代詞，以及either, neither(neither of), each (each of), each one, no one, another等代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Neither of the answers is right. Something is wrong with my computer. n2. both, few, a few, many, several, others作主語，或它們所修飾的名詞作主語時，謂語動

7、詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：A few people can live to 100, but few can live to 150. Both of them are in my class. n七、with, as well as, like等修飾的單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞的使用n單數(shù)名詞作主語，且后面有with, as well as, like等修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：1.The teacher with his students has gone to the library. 2.Is the woman like you your mother? 3.The instrum

8、ent as well as other spare parts is going to be airlifted soon. (該儀器以及其它一些備用件不久將空運(yùn)。)n八、動詞不定式(或動詞不定式短語)，V-ing形式以及名詞性從句作主語，謂語動詞的使用n動詞不定式(或動詞不定式短語)，V-ing形式以及名詞性從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：1.To eat in a fast food restaurant is cheap and saves time. 2.Climbing hills is good exercise. 3.What interests the workers

9、most is better wages and working conditions. (工人們最關(guān)注的是好的工資待遇和工作條件。)n主謂一致正誤辨析主謂一致正誤辨析n同學(xué)們在主謂一致問題上經(jīng)常會犯判斷失誤的錯誤，現(xiàn)將有關(guān)主謂一致現(xiàn)象的難點(diǎn)歸納如下： n一、主語為單數(shù)集體名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況n例1警察正在城里搜捕一名小偷。n誤 The police is searching the city for a thief.n正 The police are searching the city for a thief.n析 police，people，cattle(牛)等詞雖然形式上是單數(shù)，

10、但意義上卻為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。n例2在我國老人受到很好的照顧。n誤 The old is taken good care of in our country.n正 The old are taken good care of in our country.n析某些形容詞前加上定冠詞the，如the old，the young，the dead，the rich，the sick等，用以表示一類人時，其意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。n二、主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)的情況n例1紐約時報是流行于美國各地的報紙。n誤 The New York Times are read all ov

11、er the United States.n正 The New York Times is read all over the United States.n析當(dāng)表示國家、城市、人名、書名、報紙、雜志及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞作主語時，通常把它們作為整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。n例2這條褲子是他哥哥的。n誤 This pair of trousers are his brothers.n正 This pair of trousers is his brothers.n析一些由兩個相同部分組成一體的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如trousers，glasses，shoes等，作主語時，若前面有一條、一副、一把之類的

12、單位名詞，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)，不帶單位名詞，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。n三、主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞有時用單數(shù)，有時用復(fù)數(shù)的情況例1他家里人正等著他。n誤 His family is waiting for him.n正 His family are waiting for him.n析有些集體名詞，如family，class，group，team，nation，couple等，作主語時，若作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果就其中一個個成員考慮，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。n例2我們需要許多食物。n誤 Lots of food are needed by us.n正 Lots of food is n

13、eeded by us.n析 a lot of / lots of / plenty of+名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)依據(jù)名詞的數(shù)而定。n四、并列主語與謂語動詞數(shù)的一致的情況n例1那位教師兼作家來參加會議了。n誤 The teacher and writer have come to the meeting.n正 The teacher and writer has come to the meeting.n析由and連接的兩個(或兩個以上)單數(shù)主語，指同一人，同一物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。n例2每個男孩和女孩都有受教育的權(quán)利。n誤 Every boy and every girl

14、have the right to education.n正 Every boy and every girl has the right to education.n析由and連接兩個單數(shù)主語，若前面有every，each等限定時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。n例3那時，教授帶著許多學(xué)生正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室做實(shí)驗(yàn)。誤 The professor with a number of students were doing experiments in the lab at that time.正 The professor with a number of students was doing experimen

15、ts in the lab at that time.析主語后跟有as well as，no less than，rather than, but，besides，except，like，with，along with，together with等介詞(短語)時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與介詞(短語)前面的主語的數(shù)相一致。n五、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂語一致n例1和這些孩子們交談是一件愉快的事。n誤 To tallk with the children are a great pleasure.n正 To talk with the children is a great pleasure.n析該句是不定式作

16、主語，表示單一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。n例2一切都準(zhǔn)備好了，是嗎?n誤 Everything are ready，arent they?n正 Everything is ready，isnt it?n析 everything，something，nothing等作主語時，陳述句部分謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，附加疑問句中謂語動詞和相應(yīng)代詞都只可用單數(shù)形式。不定代詞everybody，someone, anyone，nobody等作主語時，陳述句部分謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。但是，在附加疑問句中謂語動詞與相應(yīng)代詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 n鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)n1. A woman with a baby_ comi

17、ng here.nA. is B. are n2. The girl as well as the boys _learned to drive a car.nA. has B. have n3. Whenever anything_, please stay here quietly.nA. happens B. happen n4. Many a man_ the story.nA. believe B. believesn5. A year and a half_ already passed.nA. has B. have n6. Twelve percent of the worke

18、rs here_ women.nA. is B. are n7. His family_ watching TV.nA. is B. are n8. Bread and butter_ their daily food.nA. isB. are n9. Not only a pen but also two books _lost.nA. wasB. were n10. The boy and the girl each_ their own toys.nA. has B. have n11. Maths_ not easy to learn.nA. is B. are n12. To master the spirit of a foreign language_ not easy.nA. is B. are n13. A number