商務(wù)英語翻譯(1)

1、商務(wù)英漢翻譯An English-Chinese Translation Course for BusinessZhang arm-up LessonWarm-up LessonTranslation Exercises一、商號翻譯一般性“公司”英語詞匯的介紹Company (Co.)Company Limited (Co., Ltd.) Corporation (Corp.)Incorporation Incorporated (Inc.)Firm專門性“公司”英語詞匯的介紹AgencyLine(s)IndustriesProductsEnterprise(s)St

2、oresService(s)System 系統(tǒng)、廣播、航空1. 商號翻譯一般性“工廠” Factory 各種工廠，如：Plastics factory 塑料廠Works 較大的工廠，如：Steel works 鋼廠 Plant 電力或機械制造等行業(yè)的較大型工廠，如：Power plant 電廠Mill 輕工業(yè)或手工業(yè)廠，如：Paper mill 造紙廠專門性“工廠”：Winery 葡萄酒釀造廠Tannery 制革廠Shipyard 造船廠Refinery 精煉廠Mint 造幣廠Foundry 鑄造廠Distillery 釀酒廠Brick field 磚廠Brewery 啤酒廠Examples

3、家用電器有限公司Household Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd. 電話技術(shù)開發(fā)Telephonic Technology Development 紡織企業(yè)集團Textile Enterprise Group 建筑工程公司Construction Engineering Co. 民辦交通信息中心Non-Governmental Transport Information Center 塑料皮革工業(yè)公司Plastics and Leather Industrial Company 咨詢公司Consulting Corporation 儀器設(shè)備公司Instrument

4、 and Equipment CompanyExercises 能源開發(fā)公司 交通進出口服務(wù)公司 工程承包有限公司 農(nóng)資公司 討債公司 化纖工業(yè)集團公司2. 商品名稱翻譯 E to CRolls RoyceAUCMAPandaBMWLenovoSUZUKIHead & ShouldersSafeguardFrestechGREERejoiceWrigleyPeakReebokMaybellineCrestMcDonaldsHisenseBudweiserWalt DisneySantanaNokiaIBMNikeDoveBenzJohnson&JohnsonPentiumNes

5、tleUmilkyColgateLevisOlympusJaguarRobustPampers7-upLuxMaxwellOmoGoldlionChanelDouble HappinessClean&ClearPanteneDarkie2. 商品名稱翻譯 E to C蒙牛雅戈爾心相印海爾方正七匹狼丁家宜納愛斯狗不理包子雙匯變形金剛威猛先生冷酸靈可口可樂西門子立頓王朝海鷗藍帶蜂花星巴克必勝客Exercises 芳芳牌面霜 白象牌方便面 廣埠屯：武漢最大的IT交易市場Exercises: challengeChallenge v. 1) I challenged him to a game

6、 of tennis.2）Ive constantly challenge my own conclusion.3）His question challenged us to think.4）Survival in enemy-occupied territory challenged skill.5） The election of the new government was met by a challenge from its opponents. Chapter 2: Choice of MeaningChoice of MeaningThe insurance company ha

7、s admitted liability but the amount of damages has not yet been agreed upon. 雖然保險公司已經(jīng)同意賠償賠償，但是賠償?shù)慕痤~還沒有最后確定。（一詞多義）A global brand also burnishes its own image in a market, stimulating sales among status-conscious domestic consumers. 國際化品牌還提升自己在一個市場上的形象，吸引那些注重品牌與注重品牌與地位的地位的國內(nèi)消費者購買。（一詞多層含義）First, you wi

8、ll have to submit project proposal to competent government agencies and or project feasibility study. 首先，你（們）應(yīng)當(dāng)向有權(quán)審批的機構(gòu)上報項目建議書或項目可行性研究報告。（一詞多種搭配）Choice of MeaningSome women colleagues boasted indiscreetly about how much money they received for getting an oriental gentleman a British passport, that s

9、ort of thing. They could not stop themselves. Even the smarter ones did it. 有些女同事口無遮攔口無遮攔，大吹如何幫助一個東方男子獲得了英國護照而賺了不少錢等等，一吹起來就沒完沒了一吹起來就沒完沒了。甚至不像她們那么俗氣不像她們那么俗氣的人的人也跟著吹。（詞義褒貶）Stuffing Big Mac and fries into your fat, ugly face could well be contributing to your exceeding poor state of health. 把巨無霸漢堡盒薯條塞進

10、你那又肥又丑的嘴巴又肥又丑的嘴巴里，正式讓你健康狀況極端惡劣的罪魁禍?zhǔn)鬃锟準(zhǔn)住?（詞義褒貶）Choice of Meaning: ExercisesExercises: ConfirmWed like to inform you that our counter sample will be sent to you by DHL by the end of this week. Please confirm it ASAP so that we can start mass production.很高興通知您，我們的回樣將于本周末用敦豪專遞給您。請盡快確認，以便我們開始大批生產(chǎn)。Paymen

11、t will be made by a 100% confirmed, irrevocable Letter of Credit, available by sight draft.付款方式為100%即期，保兌，不可撤消信用證。Exercises: endorse Our products have been endorsed by the National Quality Inspection Association. 我們的產(chǎn)品為全國質(zhì)量檢查協(xié)會推薦產(chǎn)品。 Drafts must be accompanied by full set original on board marine bil

12、l of lading made to order，endorsed in blank, marked right, prepaid. 匯票必須附有全套印有“貨物收訖”字樣的正本海運提單，憑指示、空白背書，并寫明“運費已付”。Exercises: negotiable, averagePart-time barman required. Hours and pay negotiable.This Bill of Lading is issued in negotiable form, so it shall constitute title to the goods and the holde

13、r, by endorsement of this B/L.If a particular cargo is partially damaged, the damage is called particular average.Its obvious that the products are below average quality.招聘兼職酒吧侍者，工作時間和薪水面議。所簽發(fā)的提單為可轉(zhuǎn)讓的。故只要在提單上背書，便確定了貨物和持票人的所有權(quán)。如果某批貨是部分受損我們稱之為“單獨海損”。很明顯，這批產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)是中下水平。Conversion of Word ClassConversion

14、of word class1. That company gained 7 million by the sale of the lot. 那那家公司賣掉了那那塊地，獲利700萬英鎊。 The WTO secretariat was confident that Chinas entry would revitalize an organization that has been weakened by discrepancies among its members regarding the real benefits of the freeing up of trade. 世貿(mào)組織秘書處相

15、信，中國的加入會使該組織該組織得到復(fù)興，后者由于其成員國在貿(mào)易自由化后的實際利益問題上爭執(zhí)不休而受到削弱。There has been a tacit agreement to agree to disagree on the interpretation of the wording of the treaty. 雙方已經(jīng)存在一種默契，同意同意在解釋跳躍中的用詞的時候可以各作各的解釋。Conversion of word classThis affair was a public relations disaster for the company. 這件事搞得公司臭名遠揚。The new

16、contract would be good for ten years. 新的合同有效期為10年。We place the highest value on our friendly relations with developing countries. 我們格外珍視同發(fā)展中國家的友好關(guān)系。Conversion of word class: ExercisesAs the market is advancing, we hope you will take full advantage of our offer. A similar profit-and-loss calculation

17、is believed to be behind many of the bride burnings in India.All business is really the art of pleasing, and only the man or woman with the right kind of personality can please. Youd think that might be cause for celebration - proof that inflation is dead in its tracks. But for all of the U. S. Fede

18、ral Reserves success at getting inflation under control, the pricing pressures befalling many companies suggest that the pendulum may have swung too far the other way. Amplification 增譯Amplification: getting-in1. She wisely didnt attempt to apologize. 她沒有打算道歉，她這樣做很明智。2. I knew even then that she was

19、helping people out. She had a face that invited confidence and a heart that never betrayed it. 即使在那個時候，我就懂得她真是在幫助別人。人們看到她就會把她當(dāng)做知心人，而她也的確心地善良，忠誠可靠。Amplification: getting-in3. Robin Hood and his men robbed the rich to help the poor. 羅賓漢及他的那些綠林好漢劫了那些可惡的富人來幫助那些可憐的窮人。4. Henry Kissinger had stayed here be

20、fore, in July and again in October. 亨利基辛格曾兩度下榻于此，一次是七月，另一次是十月。Amplification: SkillsShe had her hands full of work-cooking, washing and cleaning. 洗衣，燒飯，打掃房間，她忙個不停。Theory is something and practice is everything. 理論固然重要，但實踐更重要。She had her hands full of work-cooking, washing and cleaning. 她就沒閑下來又是洗衣呀，又是

21、燒飯呀，又是打掃房間呀。Amplification: SkillsThey pride themselves on their independence. 他們?yōu)樽约焊挥歇毩⑿远械津湴痢?. Didnt he get it written clearly? 他不是寫得清清楚楚嗎？6. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as prejudice. 無知是恐懼之母，也是偏見之母。Theory of AmplificationP. 29Amplification: exercises (1)The journey took me to Beijing

22、was long. Long, when measured in miles; long, when measure in time.Live or die, we shall be loyal to our nation.Lets come down to take a close look at the flexibility of the plan.We should try to do away with absenteeism.We advocate the principle of full cooperation, which is the trend in the busine

23、ss field.The delivery time for hardware for example is 6 weeks from receipt of order to installation.Amplification: exercises (2)Every store has a plaque engraved with this principle: “Associate yourselves only with those people you can be proud of whether they work for you or you work for them.”O(jiān)ne

24、 of the problems presented was that the control software could be a synonym for massive headache.Bankers learned to smile, redesigned their interior to produce warm and friendly atmosphere. Competitors quickly launched similar programs of friendliness training and dcor improvement. Soon all banks we

25、re so friendly that friendliness lost its decisiveness as a factor in bank choice. Omission 減譯Omission: Warm-upI am very pleased to inform you that your order No. AB142 has been shipped by MidWay Shipping Co.Thank you for your invoice No. 2113 and we have checked it and found a small error in it. He

26、 looked himself at the mirror in the bathroom, whistling.It is hot and humid and they sat in the dusk without any solution in their mind.We are fully committed as we are having too many orders to process, so we are unable to take your order that is very much time-pressing requested. Omission: Exampl

27、es （1）She combed her hair, thinking. 她邊梳頭邊琢磨。2. He left after he turned off the light. 他關(guān)燈走人。3. On that afternoon, the major made the decision. 那天午后，市長下了這個決心。4. I am sorry that we can not supply you this time with the item required. 此次無法供貨，深表遺憾。 Omission: Examples （2）5. We trust you will arrange a r

28、ectified invoice to be reissued in the near future. 希望貴方盡快重新開具發(fā)票。6. We are interested in buying large quantities of steel screws in all sizes. We should be obliged if you would give us a quotation per kilogram CFR Liverpool, England. 我欲購買大量不同型號的鋼螺絲釘。望報出每公斤的利物浦CFR價。 Principle of Omission 1. Our custo

29、mers usually first suspected, then tried, and felt happy, so they finally became our regular visitors. 我們的大多客戶開始有些遲疑，試試覺得不錯，就成了常客。 我們的大多數(shù)顧客都是從不相信到成為了常客。2. Id be glad if you could spare one or two minutes to talk about that matter with me. 貴方能撥冗與我就此時小敘一二。 希望你能抽出一點時間和我談?wù)勥@事。 Theory of OmissionP. 37Omis

30、sion: ExercisesUniversal Food carries food products, groceries, rice, coffee, corn oil, vegetable shortening, potato chips, nuts, peanuts, cashews, hot sauce, microwave popcorn, honey, candies, peanut butter, mayonnaise, vinegar and other poducts.This contract can only be altered, amended or supplem

31、ented in accordance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.We are glad that we have been able to agree that for the goods ordered, payment is to be made by confirmed and irrevocable L/C payment at sight upon presentation of the shipping documents.Omission: Exe

32、rcises4. Both DVD-audio and SACD are six-channel formats, so to get the full richness of their sound, you need a home-theater surround sound system with three front speakers, two rear speakers, and a subwoofer for low frequencies. Even for a low-end system, that could mean some $500.5. Upper-level m

33、anagers and executives may be reluctant to tie their companys future as well as their own to a technology that they know little. Yet it is these same managers and executives who bemoan the continual erosion of our countrys industrial competitiveness. Repetition in TranslationRepetition in Translatio

34、n: to get-inHaving experienced various difficulties, the Red Army finally reached Shanbei.Long, long time ago, there lived in England a wise and good king whose name was Alfred.Spring is around the corner. It is getting warmer and warmer.Wherever there is plenty of sun and sunshine, the fields are g

35、reen.The task of writing down a law for the deep ocean-bed has provoked a head-on clash between rich nations and poor.You may solve the problem whichever way you like.Repetition in Translation: ExamplesThe spokesman said that safety and sanitary regulations in the Department of State would be revise

36、d soon. 發(fā)言人稱國務(wù)院的安全規(guī)則和衛(wèi)生規(guī)則很快會得到修訂。It is our duty to defend and rebuild our homeland. 保衛(wèi)家園和重建家園是我們的職責(zé)。But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on her life. 可是他老婆不斷地在他耳邊嘮叨個沒完，說他懶惰，說他粗心，并說她一輩子都要毀在他手里。In any case work does not include time,

37、but power does. 在任何情況下，功不包括時間，但功率包括時間。Repetition in Translation: ExamplesAlthough it is claimed that there is no danger to be associated with atomic power stations, they are being sat away from populous centers. 雖然據(jù)稱原子能發(fā)電站沒有危害，但這種發(fā)電站仍被建在院里人口密集的地方。The common acceleration is that of freely falling bod

38、ies. 最常見的加速度是自由落體的加速度。He is proficient both as a flyer and as a navigator. 他既精于飛行，又善于導(dǎo)航。Everybody appreciates polite words and manners. 每個人都會贊賞禮貌的言詞和禮貌的舉止。Repetition in Translation: The space probe passed within 6,000 miles of Mars and transmitted back to the earth some pictures of the surface of th

39、at planet. 火星探測器從距火星不到6000英里處飛過火星，并把火星表面的一些照片發(fā)回來地球。He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and a few more men. 他想給他們增加些援助，增添些武器，增派些人員。He thought that the reception of the Chinese host was enormously gracious and polite. 讓認為這位中國主任的接待非常周到，客氣極了。Repetition in Translation: ExercisesThe letter I rep

40、resents “I”, O “owe”, and U “you”. 字母I代表“我”，O代表“欠”， U代表“你”。The primary aim of science is to find truth, new truth. 科學(xué)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是尋求真理，尋求真的真理。Bombing foreign embassy is a clear violation of international law, in particular of “The Geneva conventions”. 轟炸外國大使館顯然違反了國際法，尤其是違反了國際法。Ignorance is the mother of f

41、ear as well as of admiration. 無知是恐懼的根源，也是驚奇的根源。Repetition in Translation: ExercisesYou buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butchers icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it your bloodstream.When you are skinning your custom

42、ers, you should leave some skin on to grow so that you can skin them again.Modern kayaks are made of carbon, Kevlar, and fiberglass.Last year, the output of coal in this region amounted to about 20 percent of the country, of steel, 25 percent, and of cotton, 35 percent. Intellectual property is toda

43、ys competitive weapon but exploiting and protecting it is becoming more difficult and complex, writes Kevin Brown.Extension in TranslationExtension in Word Meaning (1)She looked up to see Amelia crooking a finger from the half darkness of the hall. “You back? What is it?” asked Amelia crossly. 他一抬頭，

44、看見艾米利亞站在半明半暗的門廳里彎彎手指叫她過去。“你回來了？什么事？”艾米利亞沒好氣地問。They both agreed in calling him an “old crew”, which means a “very stingy” avaricious person. He never gives any money to anybody, they said. 他們兩個都說他是個“老螺絲釘”，意思是說他吝嗇貪婪。他們說他從老不肯白給人家一個子兒。Extension in Word Meaning (2)But she expected us to fire her! They wa

45、y she gloatedIve got to crack down on her. 可她正巴不得我們請他走呢！你沒見她那副幸災(zāi)樂禍的樣子我非得好好教訓(xùn)她不可?！癋or your mothers sake, Mr. Sedley,” she said, “promise never to go on one of those horrid expeditions.” “Pooh, pooh, Miss Sharp,” said he, “the dangers make the sport only the pleasanter.” 她說：“賽得利先生，看在你母親的份上，以后別再干這種冒險的事

46、情了，你可以要答應(yīng)我哦?！?賽得利答道：“得了得了，夏普小姐，危險只會增加打獵的樂趣?！盓xtension in RhetoricsFor the average consumer, voice-activated devices are a convenience, for the elderly and handicapped, they may become indispensable for a wide variety of chores in the home. 對普通消費者而言，聲控裝置能提供方便。對老年人和殘障人士來說，它肯能成為從事各種佳通雜務(wù)事不可缺少的幫手。A large

47、 segment of mankind turns to untrammeled nature as a last refuge from encroaching technology. 許多人都想尋找一塊自由自在的地方，作為他們多比現(xiàn)代技術(shù)侵害的最后一片世外桃源。Extension between Abstractness and ConcretenessHow do we account for this split between the critics and the readers, the head and the heart? 評論家與讀者之間，也就是理智與情感之間的這種分歧如何

48、解釋呢？General Thomas gave up the sword for the plough in 1987. 托馬斯將軍已于1987年卸甲歸田了。3. At 22, he had first learned what it is to be a Negro. 他生平第一次嘗到了做黑人的滋味。I am reading all the chief criticisms of the play. 我正閱讀有關(guān)該劇本的主要評論家的文章。 Extension in DegreeIn order to get a large amount of water power we need a la

49、rge pressure and a large current. 為了得到大量水能，我們需要高水壓和強水流。A scientists constantly tries to defeat his hypotheses, his theories, and his conclusions. 科學(xué)家經(jīng)常設(shè)法否定自己的假設(shè)，推翻自己的理論，并放棄自己的結(jié)論。He felt like a fish out of water. 他覺得很不自在。They have, by this very act, opened Pandoras box. 他們這種做法成為了萬禍之根。Extension in Tra

50、nslation: ExercisesWe dont know much about the South Africa market.Anthropometry is the study of body measures, especially variations within the general population.P59Antonymic TranslationAntonymic Translation: Warm-up原文原文譯文譯文肯定他們在工作時總是互相幫助?？隙ǎ?They always help each other in working.否定:：They never w

51、ork without helping each other.The receipt must be signed before the money is paid.肯定：付款之前，收據(jù)應(yīng)簽字。否定：收據(jù)簽字之前，不得付款。否定他抱怨名單上沒有他的名字。否定：He complained that his name is not included in the list.肯定：He complained the omission of his name from the list.Nowadays, it is not a rare case that females positioned as

52、 CEO.否定：如今女性身居CEO的現(xiàn)象并不鮮見?？隙ǎ喝缃衽陨砭覥EO的現(xiàn)象較為常見。Antonymic Translation: Warm-up 1. You cant get there other than by car. 2. It is more water than wine. 3. I would rather you said so. 4. Had it been a fine day. 5. We got everything ready but hands. 6. The operation in that area is too tough for us. 7. Al

53、l in our class are not from the south. 8. Both the instruments are not precision ones.Antonymic Translation: Warm-up1. The new invention seems to defy the law of science.2. Please refrain from smoking during the treatment.3. We have to deal with the problem caused by the lack of fresh water.4. They

54、were deaf to the victims appeal.5. The two sides have traded with each other no longer after that war.6. We would appreciate very much if you could arrange a replacement of the goods in two weeks or a refund of it.7. This requirement is beyond us. 8. Nowadays, plastics are widely used in place of ot

55、her traditional materials.Techniques of Antonymic TranslationP 61Antonymic Translation: Examples （反譯）1. Science is simply common sense at its best that is, rigidly accurate in observation and merciless to fallacy in logic.所謂科學(xué)，不過是精煉的常識 即在觀察方面嚴(yán)格精確，在邏輯上不容半點謬誤。2. The price is too high to be accepted. 價

56、格太高，無法接受。3. Some service technicians failed to write up certain procedures, with the result that customers were under-billed.某些維修人員沒有及時填寫工作記錄，導(dǎo)致有些顧客該交的費沒有收上來。4. No more than 5% of our total export sales can be reinvested in promoting our brand overseas.Antonymic Translation: Examples (Positive to Ne

57、gative)1. 詞語的反譯2. 名詞的反譯 There is a fine line between “persistence” and “obstinacy”, and you never know youve crossed it. 在“堅忍不拔”和“頑固不化”之間有一條微妙的分界線，什么時候越線誰也不好說。3. 動詞的反譯 The governments of UK and Sweden have decided to stay outside the euro for the time being. 英國和瑞典政府決定暫時不加入歐元區(qū)。 Constant cost成本不變Fire-

58、resistant防火Open-case未結(jié)案案件Spark-arrestor避雷針Antonymic Translation: Examples (Positive to Negative)4. 介詞和介詞詞組的反譯 In common with all retail business, any company will have an immediate death if it is short of cash. 一旦資金短缺，企業(yè)必死無疑。所有零售商業(yè)單位無一例外5. 連詞和連詞詞組的反譯The president would give up the opportunity before

59、 he gave on to the other party.總經(jīng)理寧可放棄這次商機也不肯向?qū)Ψ阶尣健?. 詞類的綜合反譯The two sides said they kept mum over the deal because it was only tentative.簽約雙方都說不想張揚，是因為交易本身尚未最后定奪。Antonymic Translation: Examples (Partial Positive to Negative)Few 類詞語 Although men are accused for not knowing their own weakness, yet, p

60、erhaps, as few know their own strength. 人們常說某人不知道自己的缺點，熟不知沒有意識早自己的有點的，空也同樣不在少數(shù)。2. Too to句型3. Fail 類動詞：avoid, decline, defy, deny, disagree, lose, mind, refuse等4. Keep from類動詞短語：hold back/prevent/prohibit/refrain from等5. Away from類形容系和副詞短語：absent/apart/far/independent/free from, short/ignorant of等 6. Prefer to