應用型大學英語綜合教程2(Unit3)

1、上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 Book II應 用 型 大 學 英 語 系 列 教 程應 用 型 大 學 英 語 系 列 教 程 Application-oriented college English Course 上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNextLanguage Skills DevelopmentLanguage in UseEnhancement of Language Abilities Unit ThreeTable of Contents上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNextStarterText: Bathroom policyWo

2、rking with words and phrasesDiscussionPractice: interpretingPractice: translationPractice: writingSurfing the InternetHighlightsTable of ContentsPart 1 Language Skills Development上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNextHighlights S: A bathroom quarrelL: Our bathroom problems R: Bathroom policyW: How to avoid run

3、-on sentences (2)Internet work: Renting apartments Part 1 Language Skills Development上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNext1. StarterA. Look at the picture and answer the following questions. 上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNext1. Starter (Open question.)1. Does the scene in the picture look like that of your dormitory

4、? What does your dormitory look like?Everything is in a mess. For example, the toilet paper is on the bathroom floor; the towel is dripping; the bathroom is untidy.2. How would you describe the bathroom? 上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNextB. Listen to a passage and answer the following questions.1. StarterM

5、ind Mapemerge / vi. 出現(xiàn)，浮現(xiàn)rush / vt. 催促，催趕threaten / vt. 威脅，恐嚇 They have rented an apartment off campus.1. What do the students do in order to enjoy privacy?上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNext1. StarterThey plan to work out a toilet policy.3. How do they plan to solve the problem?The other three have to clea

6、n it before they can use it because he often makes the toilet very dirty and untidy.2. What is the problem with the toilet when Tom uses it every morning?上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNextOur Bathroom ProblemsIn order to enjoy our privacy, the four of us, senior students in a university, have rented an apa

7、rtment off campus. In this way, each one of us can have our own room but have to share one bathroom. All of us are very satisfied with that. Soon, however, a problem has emerged. That is, how to share our bathroom in the morning. Tom gets up earlier than the rest of us. Of course, he is always the f

8、irst one to use it. But he has a bad habit of making the bathroom very dirty and untidy. After him, the other three of us have to do the cleaning work before we can use it. 1. StarterTapescript 上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNextAfter him, the other three of us have to do the cleaning work before we can use

9、 it. John is the slowest in doing everything. Once he enters the bathroom, the rest of us have to wait for a long time. To make things worse, he has a habit of playing computer games over his laptop while he is on the toilet. No matter how hard we rush him or even threaten him outside the bathroom,

10、it does not work. He still holds it as if it is the most comfortable place in the world for him. And none of us can stand it any longer. Thus, it seems to all of us that it is time for us to work out a bathroom policy so that all of us can live comfortably together in the apartment. Otherwise, more

11、problems will arise sooner or later.1. StarterWarm UpBackNext1. Do you get well with your roommates? How do you and your roommates deal with dormitory chores?2. How do we protect our social resource?Text Lead-in上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNextText Lead-in上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 Text OrganizationIntroduction (

12、Para. _ )Situation: Four students with their respective private rooms, share one bathroom.Body (Paras. _ ) Problem: Using the shared bathroom causes unhappiness and dissatisfaction among the four students. And the same is true of our shared planet.Conclusion (Paras. _ ) Solution: To respect our comm

13、on interest in our planets resources.12-1314-16BackNextText Lead-in上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 Text OrganizationBody (Paras. 2-13) Paras. 2-6Paras. 10-13Para. 2 Edwards problemPara. 3 Charlies problemPara. 4 Andrews problemPara. 5 Authors fairnessPara. 10Resource taker Para. 11 Resource polluterPara. 12 Reso

14、urce monopolizerPara. 13Unfair resource usePara. 6 Unhappy resultParas. 7-9Problems with our shared bathroom.Problems with our shared planet.Transition: Similarity between bathroom sharing and planet sharing 上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNext2. Text: Bathroom Policy 1 We were four college sophomores. And w

15、e were not going to live in a dorm, no sir, we figured that we were smart, mature fellows and so we arranged to rent a house. Each person would have his own private bedroom and we would share the bathroom. Four guys, one bathroom. That sounds reasonable, right? Translation 洗手間使用規(guī)則洗手間使用規(guī)則 我們四個都上大二了，我

16、們沒打算住在宿舍，從來沒想過。我們自以為自己既聰明又成熟，因此合計著租個房住。每個人都有自己單獨的臥室，大家合用一個洗手間。四個小伙子，一個洗手間。聽起來很合理，對不？ Question about Para. 1 dorm: n. C 集體寢室；（大學）宿舍 e.g. A new dorm rule was announced last week. 英文常見的省略詞還有：gym （gymnasium）/ lab （laboratory）/perm （permanent wave (燙發(fā))）/ p o r n （ p o r n o g r a p h y ）/hippo(hippopotam

17、us (河馬)） no sir: （美口語） 決不e.g. We will never allow him in! No sir! mature: a. 1)（智力和情感上）成熟的，理智的e.g. You mustnt be jealous when your sister gets presents; you must learn to behave in a more mature way. 2) 發(fā)育成熟的e.g. A monkey is mature at a few years old, but a human being isnt mature till at least 16.

18、vi. 成熟e.g. Technology in this field has matured considerably over the last decade. arrange: vi./vt. 1) （就行動或事情）提前達成協(xié)議e.g. I arranged to meet them at 10 oclock. 2) 整理，排列，布置e.g. She arranged the flowers well in the vase. arrange for: 安排（以便）e.g. Ive arranged for a taxi to pick us up at 10 oclock. n. ar

19、rangement guy: n. 1) C (informal) 男人 e.g. The fat guy dropped asleep shortly after the film began. 2) C (esp. AmE)人（不論男女）e.g. You guys want to have a drink?上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNextThey decided to rent a house rather than live in a dorm. Because they figured that they were smart, mature fellows.1.

20、 What did the four college students decide to do in their second year of college? And why? 2. Text: Bathroom Policy2 但還是先看看愛德華吧。愛德華一用完洗手間就沒人想用了，因為總有東西會被用完、用光、用盡。沒衛(wèi)生紙了？沒肥皂了？說來也奇怪，愛德華好像總是最后一個用完這些東西的人。因此對我們其他人而言，洗手間的作用就大打折扣了，然而我們并未因此得到補償。東西都讓愛德華用了，我們感到忿忿不平。上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNext 2 But let me tell

21、you about Edward. Nobody wanted to use the bathroom after Edward because something would be finished, gone, used up. No toilet paper? No soap? Edward somehow seemed always to be the last person to use these things. It reduced the value of the bathroom for the rest of us, yet we got no compensation.

22、Edward was a taker. That felt unfair. Translation Question about Para. 2Meaning: The rest of us were prevented from using the bathroom normally and nothing was done to make up for the inconvenience on our part.Meaning: Edward is always a user of all the bathroom resources, such as toilet paper, soap

23、, shampoo and so on. “taker” here refers to a person who uses the limited resources carelessly. 2. Text: Bathroom Policy use up: 消耗，用盡e.g. Some people take it for granted that the resources on Earth will never be used up. up = completely e.g. eat up (eat all of something), drink up, burn up, mix up,

24、 save up, clean up, etc. compensation: n. 1) U補償物，補償金，賠償金 e.g. The hotel offered $200 in compensation for the failure to fulfill the committed service for the customer. 2) C （對不利局面的）補償e.g. One of the few compensations of being unemployed was seeing more of family. 上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNextHe was a

25、 taker as he always used much more bathroom resources such as toilet paper, soap than necessary.2. What can we tell about Edward from the second paragraph? 2. Text: Bathroom Policy上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNext 3 How about Charlie? Well, he had a problem tooshaving. It was always a disappointment to se

26、e Charlie walk into the bathroom, because by the time he was done, you would find shaving cream on the mirror, on the sink, on the floor. Lots of shaving cream was all over the place. And if it doesnt get cleaned up, it looks bad and becomes unsanitary. The rest of us picked up after Charlie, but we

27、 got no compensation for doing so. Charlie was a polluter. That felt unfair. Translation 3 查理呢？哎，他刮胡子時也有一個毛病。一看到查理走進洗手間我們就沮喪，因為他一用完洗手間，鏡子上、池子里、地板上到處都是剃須膏。整個洗手間剃須膏隨處可見。如果不好好打掃，就會不堪入目，變得很臟。我們其他人只好在查理用完洗手間后徹底收拾一番，但干這些什么補償也得不到?？森h(huán)境都是查理污染的，我們心里有氣。 2. Text: Bathroom PolicyQuestion about Para. 3Meaning: It

28、was always disappointing to see Charlie walk into the bathroom, because by the time he finished using it, you would find the bathroom was in a total mess, with shaving cream all over, on the mirror, on the sink, and even on the floor.Meaning: After Charlie used the bathroom, the rest of us cleaned i

29、t thoroughly before we could use it. However, we got nothing in return for the cleaning. be done: 結束e.g. I will help you when I am done with my term paper. clean up: 掃除，清掃e.g. Its your turn to clean up the bedroom. unsanitary: a. 不衛(wèi)生的，不健康的e.g. There was a small and unsanitary inn nearby. pick up aft

30、er sb.:（為某人）收拾，整理e.g. All I seem to do is cook, wash and pick up after the kids.上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNext He was a polluter as he always made the bathroom unsanitary and untidy.3. What can we tell about Charlie from the third paragraph? 2. Text: Bathroom Policy上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 4 Andrew was a nic

31、e fellow. He was thrifty and neat. But there was a difficulty. Once inside the bathroom, he wouldnt come out! The rest of us would be waiting around to use the bathroom, pleading, urging, and begging. It did no good. Andrew took long st r e t ch e s o f t im e in t h e bathroom. That restricted acce

32、ss for the rest of us, and yet we got no compensation. Andrew was a monopolizer. That felt unfair. NextBack Translation4 安德魯還不錯，既節(jié)儉又干凈。但也有麻煩。他一走進洗手間就不愿出來。我們其他人要用洗手間只能在外面干等，不停地呼喊、催促、哀求，但無濟于事。安德魯長時間占用洗手間，影響了我們其他人的使用，然而我們得不到任何補償。安德魯太霸道，我們感到?jīng)]有公理可言。Question about Para. 4 2. Text: Bathroom Policy thrifty:

33、 a. 節(jié)儉的，節(jié)約的e.g. She is a thrifty housekeeper. neat: a. 1) 愛整潔的e.g. T he new l o d g e r w a s fortunately a neat person. 2) 整齊的，整潔的e.g. She had small, neat writing. plead: vi./vt. 1)懇求，央求，祈求 e.g. The child pleaded with her strict mother to let her go out and play. 2) 承認（有罪或無罪）e.g. The man pleaded gu

34、ilty to murdering the girl. urge: vt. 1) 懇求，催促，力勸e.g. He urged me to introduce him to my beautiful friend, Mary. 2) 竭力主張，強烈要求，強調e.g. I urge caution in interpreting these results. n. C 強烈的欲望，沖動，迫切要求e.g. The urge to survive drove them on. good: n.用處，好處e.g. Its no good talking to him because he never l

35、istens. Whats the good of buying a book without reading it? stretch: n. C（時間）連續(xù)的一段e.g. He has been in America for a stretch of 10 years and is not aware of what had happened here. restrict: vt. 限制，約束e.g. Membership of the club is restricted to men only. His activities were restricted by old age. Mea

36、ning: The rest of us would be waiting outside, asking him earnestly, rushing him repeatedly, asking him to finish earlier so that we could use the bathroom.He was a monopolizer as he always took long stretches of time in the bathroom depriving the others of the proper access to it.上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社

37、 4. What can we tell about Andrew from the fourth paragraph?NextBack 2. Text: Bathroom Policy 5 那第四個人呢？那就是我。我沒有什么不良惡習，對洗手間很愛護，對每個人也很公平。反正，你不得不這樣認為，因為我不會告訴你他們三個中任何一個人目前的住址。 6 那一年我們四個郁郁寡歡、滿腹牢騷。我們在“洗手間使用規(guī)則”上存在分歧，卻沒有找到解決的辦法。上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNext 5 The fourth person? That was me. I had no bad habit

38、s, and treated the bathroom perfectly and with fairness to everyone. Or at least youll have to believe that, because I am not going to give you the current address of Edward, Charlie or Andrew. 6 The four of us felt unhappy and dissatisfied that year. We had a “bathroom policy” problem and we did no

39、t find a way to solve it. TranslationQuestions about Paras. 5-6 2. Text: Bathroom PolicyHe claimed to have had no bad habits, treated the bathroom perfectly and was fair to everyone, but we have no evidence to confirm this.上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 5. What can we tell about the author according to the desc

40、ription of himself? NextBack 2. Text: Bathroom PolicyThey felt unhappy and dissatisfied because they had much trouble sharing the bathroom.6. How did they feel in the year when they shared a rented house? And why?上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 7 Now lets talk about you and everyone on Earth. We dont have to sha

41、re a single bathroom. But we do all share one planet. 8 Our planets natural resources are a common heritage for all humanity, just as the bathroom was a common resource for the four of us in college. 9 Look what is happening to our planet. BackNextTranslation 2. Text: Bathroom Policy 英語中，助動詞do常用于強調謂

42、語動詞。e.g. We did try to reach him last night. She does have a strong local dialect even when speaking English. heritage: n. U 遺產，繼承物 e.g. We must take care to preserve our national heritage. humanity: n. 1) U 人類e.g. Humanity has made great progress in space exploration and medicine. 2) U 人性，人道，仁慈，博愛e

43、.g. He treated the prisoners with humanity. 7 現(xiàn)在該輪到談論你和地球上的其他人了。誠然，我們所有的人不必共用一個洗手間，但我們確實共享一個地球。 8 正如洗手間是我們四個大學生的公共資源一樣，對于全人類來說，地球上的自然資源是共同財富。 9 來瞧瞧地球所受到的待遇吧。10 我們看到諸如愛德華之類的人或公司過度使用石油、淡水和礦產資源，卻不對我們其他人做出任何補償。11 我們看到像查理一樣的人或公司將有毒廢物、化學物質、碳排放到空氣中，污染了土地、水和空氣，造成世界生存危機，迫使其他人去清除污染，但他們卻并未對我們其他人做出任何補償。上海交通大上海交

44、通大學學出版社出版社 10 We see people or corporations like Edward, taking more than their fair share of oil, fresh water, minerals, without compensating the rest of us. 11 We see people or corporations like Charlie, polluting the land, water and air with toxic wastes, chemicals, carbons in the atmosphere, mak

45、ing the world less safe, forcing others to clean up, and they are not compensating the rest of us. BackNextTranslation 2. Text: Bathroom Policy toxic: a. 有毒的；中毒的e.g. Those vegetables actually became toxic because of a heavily polluted river nearby. atmosphere: n. 1) C, sing.（尤指室內的）空氣e.g. These flowe

46、rs love warm, humid atmospheres. 2) C （圍繞地球、星球等的）大氣，大氣層e.g. pollution of the atmosphere 3) C, U 氣氛，環(huán)境e.g. The talk was conducted in a friendly atmosphere.premature: a. 1)（做事）草率的，倉促的e.g. She was a bit too premature in giving up this job. 2) 未成熟的；過早的，提早的e.g. His premature death at the age of 32 is a g

47、reat loss. Meaning: There are people or companies taking control of resources just like Andrew. For example, a real estate agent occupies an acre of land in the city without developing it, expecting a higher price. For that purpose, they remove the rest of us from where we live. Thus development of

48、land is imposed on the countryside rather than in the city. 12 我們看到像安德魯一樣的人或公司壟斷了諸如土地之類的資源大都市的一個土地投機商，占著一英畝地不用，期待地產漲價，把我們其他人趕走，把開發(fā)引向農村。市中心一英畝得到合理的開發(fā)，就可以避免郊區(qū)十多英畝地被過早草率地開發(fā)。上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 12 We see people or corporations like Andrew, monopolizing resources such as landan urban land speculator who h

49、olds an acre out of use, anticipating a price rise, is displacing the rest of us, forcing d e v e l o p m e n t o u t i n t o t h e countryside. A single acre of downtown land brought into use would save a dozen outside acres f r o m p r e m a t u r e s p r a w l development. BackNextTranslation 2.

50、Text: Bathroom Policy monopolize: vt.壟斷，獨占e.g. These two firms are so big and powerful that they monopolize the production and sale of cigarettes in this country. speculator: n. C 投機者e.g. His case was financed by speculators who hoped to profit from his victory. speculate: vi. 1)做投機生意e.g. He specula

51、ted successfully in mining shares. 2) 推測；猜測e.g. He was speculating that this might be his last chance. out of use: 不使用，不再使用e.g. That expression has gone out of use. in use (在使用中).類似短語:out of/in stock (沒有/有庫存現(xiàn)貨) out of/in order (雜亂無章/ 井然有序 ) out of/in sight (看不見/看得見) displace: vt. 1) 迫使離開家園e.g. The A

52、merican Indians were soon displaced by the settlers. 2) 取代，替代，頂替e.g. Gradually factory workers have been displaced by machines. downtown: a. 城鎮(zhèn)商業(yè)中心區(qū)的e.g. Our downtown office stays open from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. ad. 往（在）城鎮(zhèn)商業(yè)中心區(qū)e.g. They went downtown to see a ballet. bring into use: 投入使用，開始使用e.g. T

53、he new machine has been brought into wide use.bring into: 使開始類似短語:to bring (sth.) into being 使（某事）產生to bring (sth.) into play使（某事）發(fā)揮作用to bring (sth.) into force使（某事）發(fā)揮效力/力量 Meaning: If a single acre of land in the city center was made full use of, a dozen acres of land in the rural areas would not b

54、e developed in a rash, unplanned manner. sprawl: n. C, usu. sing., U雜亂的擴展，無序擴展e.g. a sprawl of industrial development vi. 1)伸開四肢坐（或躺）e.g. He found her sprawled out in a comfortable chair asleep. 2)雜亂地大面積鋪開e.g. The city sprawled for miles in each direction. 13 那些占有者、壟斷者和污染者正將他們的成本強加到我們其他人身上，強加到整個經(jīng)濟上。

55、我們被迫降低效率或忍受艱辛，這樣那些占有者、壟斷者和污染者能夠受益。我們對此氣憤不已。上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 1 3 T h o s e w h o t a k e , monopolize, and pollute, are imposing costs on the rest of us and on the economy in general. We are forced to be less efficient, or forced to endure hardships, so that the takers, monopolizers and polluters c

56、an benefit. That is not fair. BackNextTranslation 2. Text: Bathroom Policy Question about Para. 13 impose: vt. 1) 把強加于，迫使e.g. The conquerors imposed difficult conditions of peace on the defeated enemy. 2) 推行，采用（規(guī)章制度）e.g. The government decided to impose a protective tariff on foreign cars. economy:

57、n. 1) C 經(jīng)濟，經(jīng)濟情況e.g. The new oil that we have found will improve the local economy. 2) U節(jié)約，節(jié)省e.g. The employees of the firm practised strict economy in doing everything. 同根詞: Economics 經(jīng)濟學 Economical 節(jié)儉的，精打細算的，節(jié)省的 Economic 經(jīng)濟學的，經(jīng)濟的 efficient: a. 有效率的e.g. He is an efficient manager. compare: efficient

58、, effectiveefficient 指的是做事快而且效率高，而effective則指的是產生了預期的效果。e.g. His efforts to improve the school have been very effective. endure: vt./vi. 1)忍耐，忍受e.g. As the pain-killer is not available now, I will have to endure the annoying toothache till morning. Be quiet! I cant endure that noise a moment longer.

59、 2) 持續(xù)，持久e.g. They vowed their love would endure forever. benefit: vi./vt.（使）獲益，受益，得到好處e.g. Businessmen stand to benefit from these changes. The sea air will benefit you. n. U, C 優(yōu)勢， 益處；成效e.g. The new credit cards will be of great benefit to our customers.7. What is unfair in using our common resour

60、ces according to the author? 上海交通大上海交通大學學出版社出版社 BackNextPeople or corporations like Edward, Charlie and Andrew who take, pollute and monopolize are having more share of our common resources than justified and imposing costs on the rest of us and on the economy in general. 2. Text: Bathroom Policy14