自動(dòng)化專業(yè)英語第3講一

1、practice The running of such automated establishments remains only a matter of reading various meters mounted on panels. It is possible to have one hundred million telephone channel operation simultaneously. An insulator offers a very high resistance to the passage through it of an electric current.

2、There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.引伸譯法舉例 管理這種自動(dòng)化工廠只不過要求查看一下控制臺(tái)上的各種儀表而已。 讓一億條話路同時(shí)通信是可能的。 絕緣體對(duì)電流呈很大阻力。 我們要完全掌握集成電路工藝，必須經(jīng)過三個(gè)階段。(二)增減詞譯法 增詞就是在譯句中增加或補(bǔ)充英語句子中原來沒有或省略了的詞語，以便更完善、更清楚地表達(dá)英語句子所闡述的內(nèi)容。在英語句子中，有的詞從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講是必不可少的，但并無什么實(shí)際意義，只是在句子中起著單純的語法作

3、用;有的詞雖有實(shí)際意義，但按照字面譯出又顯多余。這樣的詞在翻譯時(shí)往往可以省略不譯。 1. Lexical Amplification（從詞匯上考慮的增詞） 2. Syntactical Amplification （從句法結(jié)構(gòu)上考慮的增詞） 3. Cultural Amplification （從文化上考慮的增詞） 4. Rhetorical Amplification （從修辭上考慮） 1.1 增加動(dòng)詞 1.2 增加名詞 1.3 增加概括詞 1.4 增加副詞 1.5 增加量詞 1.6 增加表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)的詞 1.7 增加表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的詞1. 1 增加動(dòng)詞 1)In the evening, after

4、 the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he would work on the drafting of the final communique英kmju:nke n. 公報(bào)，官報(bào) . 晚上在參加宴會(huì)、出席音樂會(huì)、觀看乒乓球表演之后，他還得起草最后的公報(bào)。 2) She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast. 譯文一：她覺得手里和唇上都是花兒，胸中也生長(zhǎng)著花兒。 譯文二：她覺得她好像手里拿著拿著花，嘴里吻

5、著吻著花，連連胸中也生出了也生出了花。1. 2 增加名詞增加名詞 a. 在抽象名詞后面增加名詞 1）We have made some achievements, and we must guard against complacency英英kmplesnsi自滿，滿自滿，滿足足;自鳴得意自鳴得意 . 我們?nèi)〉昧艘恍┏煽?jī)，但還要防止自滿情緒。 2）Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 氧化作用會(huì)使鋼鐵生銹。 b. 在具體名詞后面增加名詞在具體名詞后面增加名詞a)當(dāng)具體名詞表達(dá)某種抽象概念時(shí)，在譯文中也常常需要根據(jù)上下文增加一些適當(dāng)?shù)拿~。 1) H

6、eallowedthefather to be overruled by the judge，and declared his own son guilty。 2) In the future, automation may enable human beings to enjoy far more leisure than they do today. 1)他讓法官的職責(zé)職責(zé)戰(zhàn)勝父子的私情，而判決他兒子有罪 2) 將來自動(dòng)化可能使人類享受到比今天更多的空閑時(shí)間。 c. 在形容詞前面增加名詞在形容詞前面增加名詞 This new type of computer is indeed cheap

7、 and fine. 這部新型電腦真是價(jià)價(jià)廉物物美。 He is a complicated man-moody, mercurial英m:kjril（指人）反復(fù)無常的;水銀的;（指人或性質(zhì)）靈活的;易變的 , with a melancholy melnkl憂郁；悲哀；愁思 streak【strik. 條紋，線條；傾向 vi. 飛跑，疾駛；加上條紋 vt. 飛跑，疾馳；加條紋于 他是一個(gè)性格性格復(fù)雜的人喜怒無常，反復(fù)多變，有些憂郁寡歡。 d. 在不及物動(dòng)詞后面增加名詞在不及物動(dòng)詞后面增加名詞英語中的某些動(dòng)詞在用作不及物動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，英語中的某些動(dòng)詞在用作不及物動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，雖然后面并沒有帶賓語，

8、但賓語實(shí)際上是隱含在動(dòng)雖然后面并沒有帶賓語，但賓語實(shí)際上是隱含在動(dòng)詞后面的。所以在翻譯成漢語時(shí)，往往要把隱含的詞后面的。所以在翻譯成漢語時(shí)，往往要把隱含的賓語翻譯出來。賓語翻譯出來。 1）Day after day he came to his worksweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天來干活掃地、擦地板、收拾房間。 2）I could knit when I was seven. 我7歲時(shí)就會(huì)織毛衣。1. 3 增加概括詞 概括詞是英漢兩種語言所共有的，但有時(shí)英語句子中并沒有出現(xiàn)概括詞，而翻譯的時(shí)候卻往往可以加入“兩人”、“雙方”、“等”、“等等”、“凡此種種

9、”等概括詞，同時(shí)省略掉英語中的連接詞。 1. Like most wildlife，deer reproduce，grow，and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritiousnjutrs food available. 與大多數(shù)野生動(dòng)物一樣，鹿在營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富、食物充足的夏秋兩季兩季，繁殖、生長(zhǎng)儲(chǔ)存脂肪。 2. The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo. 這個(gè)大廳有四大四大優(yōu)點(diǎn)：寬敞、明亮、樣式新

10、穎、沒有回聲。 3. They talked about wage, price and inflation. 他們談及工資、物價(jià)、通貨膨脹等等問題。1. 4 增加副詞增加副詞 有些動(dòng)詞根據(jù)原文的上下文可以增加適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~，以確切表示原意。 1）As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下來就講開了，滔滔不絕地滔滔不絕地講個(gè)沒完。 2）The crowds melted away. 人群漸漸地漸漸地散開了。1. 5增加量詞增加量詞 英語中數(shù)詞與可數(shù)名詞往往可以直接連用，不用加量詞。而漢語往往要加入量詞。 1）A red sun

11、rose slowly from the calm sea. 一輪紅日從平靜的海面冉冉升起。 2) Into the dim clouds was swimming a crescent kresnt 新月；新月狀物 moon. 一彎新月漸漸隱沒在朦朧的云層里去了。1. 6增加表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)的詞增加表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)的詞 a. 增加重疊詞表示復(fù)數(shù)增加重疊詞表示復(fù)數(shù) 1）Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵朵朵鮮花開滿了庭院。 2）There were rows of houses which he had never seen before. 一排排排排的房子，都是他從來沒有

12、見過的。 b. 增加數(shù)詞或其它詞表示復(fù)數(shù)增加數(shù)詞或其它詞表示復(fù)數(shù) 1)The lion is the king of animals. 獅子是百百獸之王。1.7 增加表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的詞增加表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的詞 a強(qiáng)調(diào)某種時(shí)間概念強(qiáng)調(diào)某種時(shí)間概念 1) The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him. 2) The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley. 1)原來，是那位老人已經(jīng)教會(huì)了已經(jīng)教會(huì)了孩子捕魚，所以孩子很愛他。 2)群山群山開始向山谷投

13、下一道道一道道蔚藍(lán)色的長(zhǎng)影。 2. I had never thought Id be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was. 以前以前我從未想過從未想過，當(dāng)我發(fā)覺人們認(rèn)為我無足輕重時(shí)，我會(huì)感到高興。但這次情況的確如此。 b. 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間上的對(duì)比強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間上的對(duì)比 1. It was said that his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are. 聽說，從前從前他爸爸是個(gè)打魚的。他過去過去也許跟我們現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在一樣窮。 2. I was

14、, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release. 我的獲釋也有他的功勞。對(duì)此我過去過去很感激，現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在仍然很感激。2. Syntactical Amplification (從句從句法結(jié)構(gòu)上考慮的增詞法結(jié)構(gòu)上考慮的增詞) 2.1 增補(bǔ)原文中省略的動(dòng)詞 2.2 增補(bǔ)原文比較句中的省略部分 2.3 增補(bǔ)原文回答句中的省略部分 2.4 增補(bǔ)表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞語2. 1 增補(bǔ)原文中省略的動(dòng)詞 Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物質(zhì)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為能，能也可

15、以轉(zhuǎn)化可以轉(zhuǎn)化為物質(zhì)。 Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. 勇敢過度即成愚勇，感情過度即成溺愛，節(jié)儉過度即成貪婪。 A government of and by and for the exploiting class cannot possibly survive. 一個(gè)為剝削階級(jí)所占有，由剝削階級(jí)所組成并為剝削階級(jí)服務(wù)的政府是不可能存在下去的。 Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Franci

16、s Bacon) 讀書足以怡情，足以博采，足以長(zhǎng)才2. 2增補(bǔ)原文比較句中的省略部分1) This is true of nations as it is of individuals.國(guó)家是這樣，個(gè)人也是這樣。2）Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.從別人的失敗中汲取教訓(xùn)比從自己的失敗中汲取教訓(xùn)更好。 3）The footman were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress. 仆人們?cè)敢夥趟拖袼麄冊(cè)敢夥趟麄兊呐魅艘粯印?.3 增補(bǔ)原文回

17、答句中的省略部分 1）Is this your wallet ? Yes, it is. 這是你的錢包嗎？是我我的。 2）Dont you want Mr. Smith to be your tutor ? Yes, of course I do. 你不想讓史密斯先生當(dāng)你的導(dǎo)師嗎？我當(dāng)然想想。2.4 增補(bǔ)表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞語The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature.即使是最強(qiáng)有力的人也不能改變自然法則I am in charge of the depotdepun. 倉(cāng)庫(kù);火車站或汽車站;航空站;軍補(bǔ)給站, only I. People w

18、ill hold me responsible but not you. 只有我一個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)管理這個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)，出了事情別人找我，找不到你。 More thoroughr testing might have caught the failure initially. 如果測(cè)試更為徹底，也許一開始就能找出故障。 Suppose the preparatory 【prprtri work should not be completed. 準(zhǔn)備工作完成不了，那可怎么辦？3. Cultural Amplification (從文化上考從文化上考慮的增詞慮的增詞)3.1增加比喻的喻意3.2增加背景信息3. 1

19、增加比喻的喻意 Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard. 俗話說，衣柜里面藏骷髏，見不得人的事家家有。 Advice and correction roll off him like water off a ducks back. 勸導(dǎo)對(duì)他好像水過鴨背似的不起作用。3.2增加背景信息The United States has now set up a loneliness industry. 美國(guó)現(xiàn)在已建立了一種為孤獨(dú)的人們服務(wù)的社會(huì)項(xiàng)目。The blondblnd boy quickly cross

20、ed himself. 那個(gè)金發(fā)小男孩立刻在胸前劃十字，祈求上帝保佑。4. Rhetorical Amplification （從修辭（從修辭上考慮）上考慮）漢語中的語氣助詞很多，如漢語中的語氣助詞很多，如“的的” “吧吧”、“啊啊” 、“呀呀” “嘛嘛”、“嗎嗎” 、“啦啦” 、“了了”、 “罷了罷了”、“而已而已”等等。不同的語氣助詞可以表示等等。不同的語氣助詞可以表示不同的含義。在英譯漢時(shí)，增加一些恰當(dāng)不同的含義。在英譯漢時(shí)，增加一些恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z氣助詞可以更好地表達(dá)英語原文的含的語氣助詞可以更好地表達(dá)英語原文的含義和修辭色彩。另外，為了使譯文更加生義和修辭色彩。另外，為了使譯文更加生動(dòng)通順，

21、譯者也可以增加無損原意的四字動(dòng)通順，譯者也可以增加無損原意的四字詞組，四字對(duì)偶詞組和疊詞。詞組，四字對(duì)偶詞組和疊詞。 4.1增加一些恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z氣助詞可以更好地增加一些恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z氣助詞可以更好地表達(dá)英語原文的含義和修辭色彩；表達(dá)英語原文的含義和修辭色彩； 4.2增加四字詞組，四字對(duì)偶詞組或疊詞。增加四字詞組，四字對(duì)偶詞組或疊詞。4.1 增加一些恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z氣助詞可以更好地增加一些恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z氣助詞可以更好地表達(dá)英語原文的含義和修辭色彩。表達(dá)英語原文的含義和修辭色彩。Dont take it seriously. Its only a joke.不要認(rèn)真嘛！這不過是開個(gè)玩笑而已。 As I snoozesnu

22、:z, she talks of anything, everything, all the things that women talk of: books, music, dress, men, other women. 我這邊打著盹，她那里說著女人愛說的一切，什么什么書籍啦啦、音樂啦啦、服裝啦啦、男人啦啦、別的女人啦啦，五花八門，包羅萬象五花八門，包羅萬象。 4.2 增加四字詞組，四字對(duì)偶詞組或疊增加四字詞組，四字對(duì)偶詞組或疊詞詞Target priorities were established there. 目標(biāo)的輕重緩急，孰先孰后，是在那里決定的。 But there had be

23、en too much publicity about my case. 但我的事現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)搞得滿城風(fēng)雨，人人皆知了。 I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing 我的回答完全是坦坦蕩蕩，直言無隱。Proper omission(省譯)I.Definition By omission we mean properly omitting some words or expressions in order to make the translated version brief, concise, clear, i

24、nstead of verbose or clumsy. Proper omission in English-Chinese translation often involves the omitting of some words (such as prepositions, articles, certain pronouns, conjunctions, etc.) that are indispensable in the SL text but not in the TL text in the process of translation. II.Motivation Omiss

25、ion is based on the differences between English and Chinese. Only by omitting or adding some words or expressions can we make the translated version more idiomatic and thus more expressive. For example, Chinese has no articles or infinitive markers, and pronouns, conjunctions, and prepositions are n

26、ot as frequently used as those of English. So when we translate English sentences with articles and infinitive markers into Chinese, we often omit these articles or infinitive markers. E.g.:Motivation1) You cannot build a ship, a bridge or a house if you dont know how to make a design or how to read

27、 it. 2) It took him a long time to reach the bottom and to crouch behind a little dwarf palm. 1.不會(huì)制圖或看不懂圖紙，就不可能造船，架橋或蓋房子。2.他費(fèi)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才從山上爬下來，蹲到一棵矮小的棕櫚樹后面。III. Principles1.Omission should be aimed at smoothness and conciseness or succinctness.2.Omission does not go against faithfulness. Omission only in

28、volves omitting words that are superfluous in the TL text but are indispensable in the SL text. Omission does not mean subtracting meanings from the original work. 3.What is omitted may not be necessarily confined to certain parts of speech, as the traditionalists often say. Any parts of speech may

29、be liable to be omitted depending upon the context and the translators translation techniques.Omission of parts of speech due to syntactic considerationOmission of articles (articles are generally not translated unless it is necessary)Omission of prepositionsOmission of personal and possessive prono

30、unsOmission of itOmission of conjunctionsOmission of verbsOmission of articles 1. The earth moves round the sun.2. The horse is a useful animal. 3. Any home appliance must be handled with care whether it is a TV set, a VCR or a microwave oven. We do translation exercises twice a week. How do you lik

31、e the film? Omission of articles1.地球繞太陽公轉(zhuǎn)。2.馬是有用的動(dòng)物。3.家電都需要輕拿輕放，不論是電視機(jī)，錄 像機(jī)還是微波爐。 我們每星期做兩次翻譯練習(xí)。 你認(rèn)為那部電影怎么樣？ Omission of prepositions1. The rocket engine carries with it the oxygen of its own. 2. We have made much progress in pronunciation.3. Trees grow along both banks of the canal. 4. Now complaint

32、s are heard in all parts of that country. Omission of prepositions1.我們的發(fā)音有很大進(jìn)步。2.火箭發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)自帶氧氣。3.運(yùn)河兩岸長(zhǎng)著樹木。4.該國(guó)各地目前怨聲載道。 Omission of personal and possessive pronouns1) If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first one the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their lead

33、er. 2) He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind our backs. 3) The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attain. 4)If your TV set does not work properly, youd better not have it fixed. Just buy a new one. 5)He is keeping his bed. 6)All the fellows gat

34、hered around, stretching their necks like geese. 7)Why do we feel cooler when we fan ourselves? 8)That dishonest boy is not at all ill. He is alive and kicking in the swimming pool. We all saw him.Omission of personal and possessive pronouns1) 打蛇先打頭，擒賊先擒王。2) 在背后說我們好話的人才是一個(gè)好朋友。3) 人生的意義不在于已獲取的，而在于渴望獲得

35、什么樣 的東西。4) 電視有毛病，最好別去修，最好再買新的。5) 他正臥病在床。6) 所有的人都聚攏來，像鵝一樣伸長(zhǎng)脖子。7) 煽扇子時(shí)我們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)感到?jīng)隹煨?) 那個(gè)不誠(chéng)實(shí)的孩子根本就沒病，他在游泳池里活蹦亂跳的，我們都看見了。Omission of it1)It was not until the middle of the 19th century that the film came into being. 2)It requires patience to do the job. 3)It is true that he went there. 4)He took it upon

36、himself to pay off the debt. 5)It is easy to learn English, but it is difficult to attain perfection in it. 6)It is quite still in the laboratory. 7)It was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate. Omission of it1)直到十九世紀(jì)中葉，電影才開始出現(xiàn)。2)做這件工作需要有耐性。3)他去了那里是真的。4)他自愿負(fù)責(zé)還清債務(wù)。5)英語易學(xué)難精。6)實(shí)驗(yàn)室里很安靜。7)她關(guān)上園門時(shí)

37、，已是暮色蒼茫了。Omission of conjunctions1) If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 2) I can finish the work so long as you give me time. 3) No matter whether you believe me or not, I saw it with my own eyes. 4) There must be some people in the room, for I heard a voice. 5) Let us go and try it again. 6)

38、He considered the National Security Council too large and bulky and thus too leaky, too many people who talked too much. 7)When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 8)On the platform I could see a Negro who was working at the pumpOmission of con

39、junctions1)冬天來了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？2)給我時(shí)間，我就能完成這項(xiàng)工作。3)我親眼看見的信不信由你。4)屋里準(zhǔn)有人，我聽見有人聲。5)我們?cè)偃ピ囋嚒?)他認(rèn)為國(guó)家安全委員會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)太龐大，人多嘴雜，容易泄密。7)他經(jīng)常聚精會(huì)神地工作，往往廢寢忘食。8)我看見平臺(tái)上有個(gè)黑人在壓水泵。Omission of verbs1) In most cases the soil near the surface is merely damp and is not completely saturated with water. 2) When the pressure gets low, the boi

40、ling point becomes low. 3) These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. Omission of verbs1)在大多數(shù)情況下，地表附近的土壤僅僅有些潮濕，但含水量并未完全飽和。2)氣壓低，沸點(diǎn)就低。3)這些發(fā)展中國(guó)家土地遼闊，人口眾多，資源豐富。Omission due to a consideration of logic1)He ordered a Gibson (吉布森雞尾酒，一種由

41、杜松子酒或伏特加酒與苦 艾 酒 混 合 而 成 的 酒 ) a n d shouldered his way in between two other men at the bar. 1)What is the shortest possible way to China Hotel? Omission due to a consideration of logic1)他要了一杯雞尾酒，就在酒店里擠到兩個(gè)人當(dāng)中站著。2)去中國(guó)大酒店哪條路最近？Omission due to a consideration of rhetoricOmission of the repeated expressi

42、ons of the originalOmission of the unnecessary e x p r e s s i o n s o f t h e o r i g i n a lOmission of the repeated expressions of the original1)University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. 2)Instead of one old woman knocking me about and starving

43、 me, everybody of all ages knocked me about and starved me. 4)China is also a country of people with a passionate love of flowers and trees and intense dedication to the welfare of children and to the work ethic. 5)Patients with influenza must be separated from the well lest the disease should sprea

44、d from person to person. 6)The late Mrs. Achson had passed to her Maker somewhere about 1930. 7)The crowd was pushing harder. Those in the middle were squeezed against each other so tightly they could not move in any direction.Omission of the repeated expressions of the original1)報(bào)考大學(xué)的人，有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的優(yōu)先錄取。2

45、)那時(shí)打我并且使我挨餓的不只是一個(gè)老太婆，而是老老少少各式各樣的人。Omission of the unnecessary expressions of the original1)UNICEF would be in a position to meet more of the vast unsatisfied needs of children and young people if more resources were made available to it. 2)A motion has been made for a separate vote on paragraph 4 of

46、 the draft resolution which appears in paragraph 11 of the report. 3)There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, and the grass was dead. Omission of the unnecessary expressions of the original1)如果財(cái)源多一些的話，聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金就會(huì)更多地滿足兒童和青年人尚未滿足的需要。2)有人提議，對(duì)該報(bào)告第十一段中的決議草案第四段進(jìn)行單獨(dú)表決。3)天未下雪，卻已葉落草枯。4)中國(guó)人還熱愛鮮花和

47、樹木，專心致力于兒童的福利事業(yè)，并且嚴(yán)格恪守工作道德。5)流感病人必須與健康的人隔開，以免疾病傳播。6)亞奇遜太太升天大約是在1930年。7)人群越擠越厲害，夾在當(dāng)中的人被擠得動(dòng)彈不得。Summary。增減詞譯法舉例 The more energy we want to send, the higher we have to make the voltage. The condenser is of higher capacity than is actually need. Changing the number of turns of coils may step up or step d

48、own the voltage. 增減詞譯法舉例 需要輸電越多，電壓就得越高。(省譯we) 這只電容器的容量比實(shí)際所需要的容量大。(補(bǔ)譯省略部分的capacity) 改變線圈匝數(shù)可以提高電壓或降低電壓。(重復(fù)voltage)(三)詞類轉(zhuǎn)換 英語翻譯中，常常需要將英語句子中屬于某種詞類的詞，譯成另一種詞類的漢語詞，以適應(yīng)漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣或達(dá)到某種修辭目的。這種翻譯處理方法就是轉(zhuǎn)換詞性法，簡(jiǎn)稱詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。例如:In any case, the performance test have priority. 不管怎樣進(jìn)行, 性能測(cè)試都要優(yōu)先。這里將名詞“priority”轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞“優(yōu)先”。 Trans

49、ition of Part of Speech 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換是指把原文語言中的某一詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯為漢詞類轉(zhuǎn)換是指把原文語言中的某一詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯為漢語的另一詞類。語的另一詞類。一、轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語動(dòng)詞一、轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語動(dòng)詞 1、名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞、名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞 英語中表達(dá)動(dòng)作概念的動(dòng)名詞、具有動(dòng)作意義的抽英語中表達(dá)動(dòng)作概念的動(dòng)名詞、具有動(dòng)作意義的抽象名詞、由動(dòng)詞派生出來的名詞、動(dòng)詞加名詞構(gòu)成的象名詞、由動(dòng)詞派生出來的名詞、動(dòng)詞加名詞構(gòu)成的固定短語、介詞加名詞構(gòu)成的固定短語等，往往可以固定短語、介詞加名詞構(gòu)成的固定短語等，往往可以根據(jù)具體情況譯成漢語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)具體情況譯成漢語動(dòng)詞。 (1) The application

50、of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity. 使用電子計(jì)算機(jī)可以大大提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。 Transition of Part of Speech(2) Computers can provide analyses of every operation in a factory. 計(jì)算機(jī)能對(duì)工廠的每道工序進(jìn)行分析分析。(3) Primary forces have certain valuations that must be considered in any design. 在任何設(shè)計(jì)中，對(duì)

51、于數(shù)值能確切計(jì)算計(jì)算的主要作用力都必須加以考慮。(4) Integrated circuits are fairly recent development. 集成電路是近年來發(fā)展起來發(fā)展起來的。 Transition of Part of Speech2、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞 英語中某些由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換來的形容詞、同介詞搭配構(gòu)成句子表語或定語的形容詞、與連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語的形容詞，通?？勺g成漢語中的動(dòng)詞。(1) Copper wire is flexible. 銅線容易彎曲彎曲。(2) Television is different from radio in that it s

52、ends and receives pictures. 電視不同于不同于無線電在于能發(fā)送并接收?qǐng)D像。 Transition of Part of Speech(3) If extremely low-cost power were ever to become available from large nuclear power plants, electrolytic hydrogen would become competitive. 如能從大型核電站獲得獲得成本極低的電力，電解氫的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力就會(huì)增強(qiáng)。(4) Heat is a form of energy into which all o

53、ther forms are convertible. 熱是能的一種形式，其他一切能的形式都能轉(zhuǎn)化轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能。 Transition of Part of Speech3、介詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞、介詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞 英語中的介詞或介詞短語在許多情況下可以譯成漢語的動(dòng)詞，尤其是當(dāng)它們用作表語或狀語時(shí)。(1) The letter E is commonly used for electromotive force. 通常用字母E表示表示電動(dòng)勢(shì)。(2) Except for atomic energy, all forms of energy used by man are from the sun. 除原子

54、能之外，人類所利用的一切形式的能量都來來自自太陽。Transition of Part of Speech(3) So long as we have means of producing heat we can keep the steam engine at work. 只要能產(chǎn)生熱，就能使蒸汽機(jī)做做功。 Transition of Part of Speech4、 副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞 英語中有些作表語的副詞或復(fù)合賓語中的副詞，往往可譯成漢語的動(dòng)詞。(1) The electric current flows through the circuit with the switch

55、 on. 如果開關(guān)接通接通，電流就流過線路。(2) Open the valve to let air in. 打開閥門，讓空氣進(jìn)入進(jìn)入。(3) We are through with our test report. 我們的試驗(yàn)報(bào)告寫寫完了。 ReturnSelection of Word Meaning 一詞多類，一詞多意，需詞義的選擇和引申一詞多類，一詞多意，需詞義的選擇和引申l 根據(jù)專業(yè)選擇詞義根據(jù)專業(yè)選擇詞義 例：power（1）Knowledge is power. (力量）（2）Assume that the input voltage from the power supply

56、 remains constant. （譯成“電源”）（3）The third power of 2 is 8. （譯成“方”）（4）By power we mean the rate of doing work. （譯成“功率”）（5）The combining power of one element in the compound must equal the combining power of the other element. （譯成“化合價(jià)”）Selection of Word Meaningl 根據(jù)專業(yè)選擇詞義根據(jù)專業(yè)選擇詞義 例：power（6）Energy is the

57、power to do work. （譯成“能力”）（7）Electric power can be transmitted over long distance to users. （譯成“電力”）（8）Basically, all power is with the people. (譯成“權(quán)力”) Selection of Word Meaningl 根據(jù)詞類選擇詞根據(jù)詞類選擇詞義義 例：like（1）Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. （形容詞，作“相同的”解）（2）He likes power electronics. (動(dòng)詞,作“

58、喜歡”解）（3）In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. （介詞，作“像”解）（4）It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like. （名詞，做“相同之物”解）（5）Waves in water move like the waveform moves along a rope. （連詞，作“像、如”解） Selection of Word Meaningl 根據(jù)上下文選擇詞義根據(jù)

59、上下文選擇詞義 例：（1）The transformer works properly. 這臺(tái)變壓器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常。（2）The motor is not working. 電動(dòng)機(jī)故障故障了。（3）The threads of the screw work hard. 這螺絲的螺紋太澀太澀了。 (4)In order to meet the critical service requirements, scientists are still looking for better materials. 為滿足使用的緊迫緊迫要求，科學(xué)家們?nèi)栽趯ふ腋玫牟牧?。Selection of Word Me

60、aningl 根據(jù)上下文選擇詞義根據(jù)上下文選擇詞義 例：（5）We can heat the steel again to a temperature below the critical temperature, then cool it slowly. 我們可以把鋼材再次加熱到臨界臨界溫度以下的某一溫度，然后再讓它慢慢地冷卻。 Selection of Word Meaningl 根據(jù)搭配習(xí)慣選擇詞義根據(jù)搭配習(xí)慣選擇詞義 例：heavy (1) heavy current 強(qiáng)大電流； (2) heavy industry 重工業(yè)； (3) heavy line 粗線； (4) heavy