2013屆高考英語：閱讀理解命題點(diǎn)1-細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)(解析01).解答

1、2013屆高考英語： 閱讀理解命題點(diǎn)1-細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)（解析01）典型例題閱讀理解主要用來測(cè)試考生的閱讀速度、 閱讀技巧、 理解能力和攝取書面信 息的能力， 即實(shí)際運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行有效理解， 從而達(dá)到有效交際的能力。 這種高層 次的語言能力，要求考生須結(jié)合具體的篇章、具體的語境，考慮具體的場(chǎng)合、空 間、對(duì)象、情節(jié)等交際因素并予以分析判斷。從近幾年高考閱讀理解題的考查點(diǎn)分布、語篇體裁和閱讀量看，閱讀理解題 的命題特點(diǎn)是：1詞匯量加大，閱讀速度提高。詞匯量逐年增大是高考閱讀理解題的最明 顯的特征。 大幅度加大閱讀量， 在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成大量的閱讀任務(wù)， 提高了對(duì) 閱讀速度的要求，這是大趨勢(shì)。另外，非考綱詞匯

2、也有所增加。2語篇結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，長(zhǎng)難句有所增加。突出語篇，加入了從篇章結(jié)構(gòu)到 對(duì)深層次信息的考查力度。 長(zhǎng)難句增加， 這也是高考英語閱讀理解不可忽視的一 個(gè)語言現(xiàn)象。3題材、體裁多樣化，選材更趨現(xiàn)代化、生活化、知識(shí)化，突出實(shí)用性與 時(shí)代性。閱讀材料更加貼近生活實(shí)際，有濃厚的時(shí)代氣息。題材多樣化，包括日 常生活、古代傳說、人物、社會(huì)、文化、史地、科技、政治、環(huán)保和經(jīng)濟(jì)等。且 多為母語為英語的人寫的原汁原味的反映外國(guó)生活內(nèi)容的文章。應(yīng)試同分瓶頸閱讀理解能力是學(xué)生英語綜合能力的核心， 一個(gè)學(xué)生英語能力的高低很大程 度上取決于閱讀能力的強(qiáng)弱， 而閱讀理解又是整個(gè)高考試卷中分值最高、 分量最 重的部分，

3、閱讀理解題做得如何直接影響考生的英語高考成績(jī)。 高考閱讀理解題， 不僅要求考生理解文章的字面意思， 還要求考生理解深層含義。 考生要理解其深 層含義，必須充分調(diào)動(dòng)起自己的智力活動(dòng)，如歸納、推理、想像等?？忌喿x理解失誤的原因主要有以下幾方面：1抓不住文章的主題、脈絡(luò)，理解偏離中心或信息凌亂，不知所云。2信息捕捉不準(zhǔn)，做題憑感覺，缺乏依據(jù)。3即使能捕捉到信息，但缺乏對(duì)信息必要的處理能力，4復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)及長(zhǎng)句也制約著考生對(duì)短文的理解。5閱讀速度慢，快速處理信息的能力差也是考生得分低的原因之一。預(yù)計(jì)：典型例題理解題篇幅及詞匯量均有加大的趨勢(shì)。斷章取義”命題點(diǎn)1細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)命題點(diǎn)3推理判斷命題點(diǎn)2主旨大

4、意命題點(diǎn)4猜測(cè)詞義*（典型例題）How Long Can People Live?She took up skating at age 85, made her first movie appearance at age 114, andheld a concert in the neighborhood on her 121st birthday.Whenit comesto long life. Jeanne Calment is the worlds recordholder. She livedto the ripe old age of 122. So is 122 the uppe

5、r limit to the human life span（壽命）? Ifscientists come up with some sort of pill or diet that would slow aging, could wepossibly makeit to 150or beyond?Researchers dont entirely agree on the answers. Calment lived to122, so it wouldnt surprise meif someonealive today reaches 130 or 135, says JerrySha

6、y at the University of Texas.Steve Austad at the University of Texas agrees. People can live much longer thanwe think, he says. Experts used to say that humans couldnt live past 110. WhenCalment blewpast that age, they raised the number to 120. So why cant we gohigher?The trouble with guessing how o

7、ld people can live to be is that its all just guessing.Anyone can makeup a number, says Rich Miller at the University of Michigan.Usually the scientist who picks the highest number gets his name in Time magazine.Wont new anti-aging techniques keep us alive for centu ries? Any cure, says Miller,for a

8、ging would probably keep most of us kicking until about 120. Researchers areworking on treatments that lengthen the life span of mice by 50 percent at most. So, ifthe average human life span is about 80 years, says Miller, adding another 50 percentwould get you to 120.So what can we conclude from th

9、is little disagreement a mong the researchers?That life span is flexible （有彈性的） but there is a limit, says George Martin of theUniversity of says. But a flys never going to live 150 years. Of course, if you becamea new species（物種） , onethat ages at a slower speed, that would be a different story, he

10、 adds.Does Martin really believe that humans could evolve （進(jìn)化） theirway to longer life? its pretty cool to think about, he says with a smile.1. What does the story of Jeanne Calment prove to us?A. People can live to 122.B. Old people are creative.C. Women are sporty at 85.D. Women live longer than m

11、en.答案: A指導(dǎo)：第二段中“She lived to the ripeoldage of l22So is 122the upper limit to the human life span?告訴我們Jeanne Calment的經(jīng)歷證明人們可以活到122歲。2. According to Steve Austad at the University of Texas,_ .A. the average human life span could be 110B. scientists cannot find ways to slow agingC. few people can expe

12、ct to live to over 150D. researchers are not sure how long people can live答案: D指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)第四段SteveAustad的論述可判斷出研究人員不能確定人 們的壽命有多長(zhǎng)。3. Who would agree that a scientist will become famous if he makes the wildest guessat longevity?A. Jerry Shay.B. Steve Austad.C. Rich Miller.D. George Martin.答案：C指導(dǎo)： 第五段Anyone

13、can makeup anumber,”says Rich Miller at the UniversityOf Michigan。 “Usually the scientist who picks the highestnumber gest his nalne in Time magazine”說明RichMiller認(rèn)為對(duì)人類的壽 命估計(jì)最高的科學(xué)家會(huì)出名。4. What can we infer from the last three paragraphs?A. Most of us could be good at sports even at 120.B. The average

14、human life span cannot be doubled.C. Scientists believe mice are aging at a slower speed than before.D. New techniques could be used to change flies into a new species.Passage答案：B指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)后三段的內(nèi)容可推斷出人們的平均壽命不會(huì)加倍。*（典型例題）If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes aboutunemplo

15、yment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the lastlaugh. There are manyadvantages for the social science major because this high-techInformation Age demands people who are lexible（靈活） and who have goodcommunication skills.There are many social science majors in large companies who

16、fill importantpositions. For example, a number of re- search studies found that social sciencemajors bad achieved greater managerial success than those how had technical train-lng or pre-professional courses; Studies show that social science majors are mostsuited for change, which is the leading fea

17、tured （特 點(diǎn)） of the kind of high-speed,high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in.Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long termcompanyjobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that manycompanies had filled a large percentage of their entry level

18、positions with socialscience graduates. The study also showedthat the most sought-after quality in aperson who was looking for a job was communica- tion skills, noted as very importantby 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, of ten withoutknowing how important they ar

19、e. It is probably due to these skills that they have beenoffered a wide variety of positions.Finally, although some social science majors maystill find it more difficult thantheir technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report thatthey dont regret their choice of study

20、.1.By saying that you may have had the last laugh in the first paragraph, the authormeans that you may have_ .A. shared the jokes with computer majorsB. earned as much as computer majorsC. found jobs more easily than computer majorsD. stopped joking about computer majors答案: C指導(dǎo)：這是一道推斷作者意圖題。 從第一段Ther

21、eare manyadvantages for the social science major”可知，靈活和好的交際技巧在“信息社會(huì) 中”是十分重要的， 所以學(xué)習(xí)社會(huì)科學(xué)的畢業(yè)生比學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)的畢業(yè)生可能更容 易找到工作。2.Compared with graduates of other subjects, social science graduates.A. are ready to change when situations changeB. are better able to deal with difficultiesC. are equally good at compute

22、r skillsD. are likely to give others pressure答案: A指導(dǎo)：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Studies show that social sciencemaiors are”可判斷出與其他專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生相比，社會(huì)科學(xué)的畢業(yè)生在形勢(shì)改變時(shí)，他們更樂意改變。3. The underlined word land in the last paragraph probably means_A. keep for some timeB. successfully getC. immediately startD. lose regretfully答案:

23、B指導(dǎo)：這是一道猜義題。根據(jù)land后的賓語the first job可判斷 出它的意思是“成功地獲得” 。4. According to the text, what has made it easy for social science graduates to findjobs?A. Willingness to take low-paid jobs.B. Readiness to gain high-tech knowledge.C. Skills in expressing themselves.D. Part-time work experience. Passage答案: C指導(dǎo)

24、：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Thestudy also showed that”可得出結(jié)論，社會(huì)科學(xué)畢業(yè)生的善于表現(xiàn)自己的技巧使他們?nèi)菀渍业?工作。*結(jié)束Passage 2Cultural differences in business entertaining include problems such as whom oneentertains and where, and how one entertains. In countries where status （地位） isimportant, it is not advisable to invite people of di

25、fferent statuses to the same dinnerparty. Americans will often invite people to their homes. However in some societies thehome is considered too private, unworthy, or too small to serve as a proper place forbusiness entertaining. In some countries there is ahelp your- self method ofentertaining done

26、 in the home. This methoddoes not work well when entertainingpeople whose culture teaches them to wait to be asked three times before acceptingan offer of food. In one instance, a Chinese guest went hungry all the evening withouteating though he was quite hungry because he was too shy to take food a

27、fter onlybeing asked to do so once. In another case, an American woman executive（負(fù) 責(zé) 人）was being entertained in London. After having the tea served, the American womanhelped herself to cream and sugar rather than waiting to be served. The Englishhostess was upset by the thought that she was not serv

28、ing quickly enough.As a general rule, asmall gift from your home country is OK. A giftthat is tied to the particular interest of the person is especially good. Gifts for childrenare also well received. Be careful that the hometown gift you are bringing to Sin-gapore was not made in Hong Kong. Becaus

29、e many gifts carry symbolic meanings, it isalwaysbest to seek the adviceof a cultural informant before selecting gifts. The giving of large gifts, or payments forspecial service, should only be carried out after talking with legal department in thehome and host culture.1. It is no good inviting peop

30、le of different social positions to the same party in thecountry where.A. people dont pay any attention to your positionsB. people care much about their statusesC. entertainment is importantD. entertainment is not advisable答案: B指導(dǎo)：第一段第二句話?！霸谀切┖苤匾暽鐣?huì)地位的國(guó)家，最好不要把 不同層次的人放到一起。 ”2._is especially proper.A.

31、A big giftB. Large payment as a giftC. A small gift from ones homeD. A gift from Singapore答案: C指導(dǎo)：最后一段第一句話。 “一般說來，從祖國(guó)帶來的小禮物就非常合 適”。*厶士1=Passage 3If you have been joining in chat room conversations, or trading e-mail with web pals(網(wǎng)友), you have becomeone of the millions who write in a peculiarly shor

32、t form ofEnglish.And youve got a sense of humor about short forms like SOHF ( = sense of humorfailure) to describe Intemet newcomerswhodont understand you.Across the globe, every night teenagers and their elders are talking online, many ofthem all talking at the same time.Its fast: try talking to si

33、x people at once. Its brief: three Orfour words per exchange. It takes wit, concentration, and quick fingers.And it requires tremendous linguistic economy (語言省略). Theresneither time nor space for explanations. Why con- sume precious key-strokes (鍵盤主敲擊) telling six friends you have to leave for a mom

34、ent to take care of your little brotherwhen BRB ( = be right back) will do? Want to entera conversation? Just typePMFJI (= pardon me forjumping in).Interested in whom you are talking to? Type A/S/I., thenearly universal request toknow your pals age, sex and loca- tion. You may get 15/M/NY as a respo

35、nse from yourpal.If something makes you laugh, say you are OTF (=on the floor), orLOL ( = laughing out loud), or combing the two into ROTFL (= rolling on the floorlaughing).And when it is time to get back to work or go to bed, you type GTG(=got to go) or TTYL (=talk to you later).People want to write as fast as