智能、綠色建筑與中國(guó)建筑節(jié)能策略（課堂PPT）

1、1智能、綠色建筑與智能、綠色建筑與中國(guó)建筑節(jié)能策略中國(guó)建筑節(jié)能策略Intelligent Green Buildings and Strategy for Energy Saving of Buildings in China 2一、中國(guó)建筑節(jié)能二階段目標(biāo)及其意義一、中國(guó)建筑節(jié)能二階段目標(biāo)及其意義Objectives and significance for the 2-phase energy saving of Objectives and significance for the 2-phase energy saving of buildings in Chinabuildings i

2、n China 二、二、 “信息信息”的特征與智能綠色建筑的特征與智能綠色建筑Characteristics of “information” and intelligent green Characteristics of “information” and intelligent green buildingsbuildings三、三、 綠色建筑與一般建筑的區(qū)別綠色建筑與一般建筑的區(qū)別Differences between green buildings and general onesDifferences between green buildings and general ones

3、 四、推行綠色建筑的一般對(duì)策四、推行綠色建筑的一般對(duì)策Basic countermeasures to initiate green buildingsBasic countermeasures to initiate green buildings五、五、啟動(dòng)中國(guó)綠色建筑運(yùn)動(dòng)的杠桿啟動(dòng)中國(guó)綠色建筑運(yùn)動(dòng)的杠桿強(qiáng)化對(duì)地方政強(qiáng)化對(duì)地方政府的激勵(lì)府的激勵(lì) The lever to start up the green building initiative of China The lever to start up the green building initiative of China en

4、hanced incentive to local governmentsenhanced incentive to local governments3一、中國(guó)建筑節(jié)能二階段目標(biāo)及其意義一、中國(guó)建筑節(jié)能二階段目標(biāo)及其意義1 1中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化與建筑耗能中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化與建筑耗能 預(yù)計(jì)到預(yù)計(jì)到2030年城鎮(zhèn)化率每年平均提高年城鎮(zhèn)化率每年平均提高11.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)個(gè)百分點(diǎn)Chinas urbanization and energy consumption by buildingsBy 2030, the urbanization rate of China will increase by 11.5 perc

5、entage points per annum on an average basis. (Picture 5)Objectives and significance for the 2-phase energy saving of buildings in China45 61 1中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化與建筑耗能中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化與建筑耗能 每年約有每年約有12001200萬(wàn)萬(wàn)15001500萬(wàn)人從農(nóng)村移民到城市，從現(xiàn)萬(wàn)人從農(nóng)村移民到城市，從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始將轉(zhuǎn)移在開(kāi)始將轉(zhuǎn)移5 5億人口億人口 Chinas urbanization and energy consumption by buildingsAbout 12

6、15 million people will migrate from rural areas to urban areas each year. From now, 500 million people will migrate. 每個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)人口平均耗能水平為農(nóng)村人口的每個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)人口平均耗能水平為農(nóng)村人口的3 33.53.5倍倍Each urban population consumes energy 33.5 times as much as by rural population. 71 1中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化與建筑耗能中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化與建筑耗能 每年約新建每年約新建2020億平方米建筑億平方米建筑Chin

7、as urbanization and energy consumption by buildings2.0 billion square meters of buildings are built each year. 現(xiàn)有現(xiàn)有440440億平方米存量建筑中，絕大部分是高耗能建筑億平方米存量建筑中，絕大部分是高耗能建筑Most of the existing 44 billion square meters of buildings in stock are high-energy-consuming buildings. 8全球的資源：全球的資源：能源： 50%水資源： 42%原材料： 5

8、0%耕地： 48%全球的污染：全球的污染：空氣污染： 50%溫室效應(yīng)： 42%水污染： 50%固體廢物： 48%氟氯化物： 50%建筑全過(guò)程建筑全過(guò)程2建筑全過(guò)程的物質(zhì)與能源消耗建筑全過(guò)程的物質(zhì)與能源消耗Materials and energy consumption in the overall process of building93 3建筑節(jié)能二階段目標(biāo)建筑節(jié)能二階段目標(biāo) 第一階段：第一階段：Phase 1:Phase 1:Objectives for the 2-phase energy saving of buildings 2010 2010年全面啟動(dòng)建筑節(jié)能和推廣綠色建筑年全面

9、啟動(dòng)建筑節(jié)能和推廣綠色建筑In 2010, launch the initiative of energy saving of buildings and promote green buildings. 平均節(jié)能率達(dá)到平均節(jié)能率達(dá)到5050Average energy saving rate will reach 50%.103 3建筑節(jié)能二階段目標(biāo)建筑節(jié)能二階段目標(biāo) 第二階段：第二階段：Phase 2:Phase 2:Objectives for the 2-phase energy saving of buildings 2020 2020年進(jìn)一步提高建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)年進(jìn)一步提高建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

10、Further improve the energy saving standards of buildings in 2020. 平均節(jié)能率達(dá)到平均節(jié)能率達(dá)到6060，東部地區(qū)可達(dá)更高的標(biāo)，東部地區(qū)可達(dá)更高的標(biāo) Average energy saving rate will reach 60%, much higher in eastern regions.113 3建筑節(jié)能二階段目標(biāo)建筑節(jié)能二階段目標(biāo) 如果完成上述目標(biāo)，如果完成上述目標(biāo)，20202020年，中國(guó)建筑能耗可減少年，中國(guó)建筑能耗可減少3.353.35億噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤，相當(dāng)于整個(gè)英國(guó)億噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤，相當(dāng)于整個(gè)英國(guó)20022002年的能耗總

11、量年的能耗總量Objectives for the 2-phase energy saving of buildingsIf the above objectives can be reached, the energy consumption by buildings in China will reduce by 335 million tons of standard coal in 2020, equivalent to the total energy consumption throughout UK in 2002. 12133 3建筑節(jié)能二階段目標(biāo)建筑節(jié)能二階段目標(biāo) 空調(diào)高峰負(fù)

12、荷可減少約空調(diào)高峰負(fù)荷可減少約80008000萬(wàn)萬(wàn)KW/hKW/h，相當(dāng)于，相當(dāng)于4.54.5個(gè)三個(gè)三峽電站的滿負(fù)荷的發(fā)電量峽電站的滿負(fù)荷的發(fā)電量Objectives for the 2-phase energy saving of buildingsPeak load of air-conditioners will reduce by 80 million KW/h, equivalent to the electricity power generated by 4.5 Three Gorges Power Stations in full load. 如果我國(guó)如果我國(guó)20202020年

13、建筑能耗能達(dá)到發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家年建筑能耗能達(dá)到發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家2020世紀(jì)末的世紀(jì)末的水平，節(jié)能效果將更顯著水平，節(jié)能效果將更顯著In 2020, if the energy saving of buildings in China can reach the level of developed countries in the late 20th century, the energy saving effect will be more distinct. 144 4德國(guó)的節(jié)能經(jīng)驗(yàn)德國(guó)的節(jié)能經(jīng)驗(yàn) 住宅最大允許供暖需求的發(fā)展住宅最大允許供暖需求的發(fā)展Energy saving experience of

14、Germany 油油 品品 危危 機(jī)機(jī)油油 品品 危危 機(jī)機(jī)DINDIN41084108WSVOWSVO19771977WSVOWSVO19841984WSVOWSVO19951995EnEVEnEVkWh(m2kWh(m2 a)a)15二、“信息”的特征與智能綠色建筑 l “信息信息”無(wú)限的可壓縮性，甚至不占無(wú)限的可壓縮性，甚至不占據(jù)物理空間和零質(zhì)量，建筑的智能化并不減少據(jù)物理空間和零質(zhì)量，建筑的智能化并不減少建筑有效空間建筑有效空間“Information” infinitely compressible, even occupies no physical space and zero

15、mass. The intelligentization of buildings will not reduce the effective space of buildings. Characteristics of “information” and intelligent green buildings16l “ “信息信息”無(wú)限的可復(fù)制性，無(wú)任何有無(wú)限的可復(fù)制性，無(wú)任何有形磨損，建筑智能的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案可為全人類(lèi)形磨損，建筑智能的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案可為全人類(lèi)所共享所共享“Information” infinitely reproducible, without any visible wea

16、r and tear. The intelligent system design of buildings can be shared by the entire human being. l “ “信息信息”無(wú)限的可傳輸性，使戶主對(duì)無(wú)限的可傳輸性，使戶主對(duì)建筑功能的遠(yuǎn)距離實(shí)時(shí)控制成為可能建筑功能的遠(yuǎn)距離實(shí)時(shí)控制成為可能“Information” infinitely transmissible, makes it possible for householders to conduct remote real-time control to the buildings functions.

17、17l “ “信息信息”收集、處理和傳輸具有極低收集、處理和傳輸具有極低的能耗，甚至零能耗。有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)智能綠色建的能耗，甚至零能耗。有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)智能綠色建筑的目標(biāo)：更多的應(yīng)用筑的目標(biāo)：更多的應(yīng)用“信息信息”，更少的使用，更少的使用“能源能源” “Information” with extremely low energy consumption in collection, processing and transmission, even to zero energy consumption, which will help reach the aim of intelligent and g

18、reen buildings: more application of “information”, and less application of “energy sources”. 18l “ “信息信息”極大的外部性，梅特卡夫準(zhǔn)極大的外部性，梅特卡夫準(zhǔn)則：信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)的價(jià)值與聯(lián)網(wǎng)的用戶數(shù)的平方成則：信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)的價(jià)值與聯(lián)網(wǎng)的用戶數(shù)的平方成正比。正比?！拔镆韵橘F物以稀為貴”變成了變成了“物以多而貴物以多而貴”。越來(lái)越多的綠色建筑智能化，就能形成功能越越來(lái)越多的綠色建筑智能化，就能形成功能越來(lái)越強(qiáng)化的虛擬世界。足不出戶實(shí)現(xiàn)虛擬溝通、來(lái)越強(qiáng)化的虛擬世界。足不出戶實(shí)現(xiàn)虛擬溝通、集體娛樂(lè)甚至工作就成為可

19、能，將會(huì)減少交通集體娛樂(lè)甚至工作就成為可能，將會(huì)減少交通的能耗的能耗“Information” extremely exterior. Maitcarf rules: the value of an information network is proportional to the square of the number of subscribers accessing the network. “Things are precious as they are rare ” becomes “things are precious as they are numerous.” More a

20、nd more green buildings get intelligent, which will cause a virtual world with more and more powerful functions. It will be possible for virtual communication, collective amusement and even working without going out of your door, which will reduce the traffic energy consumption. 19l 傳統(tǒng)的建筑智能化往往是由：樓宇自

21、動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)（傳統(tǒng)的建筑智能化往往是由：樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)（BASBAS）、辦公）、辦公自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)（自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)（OASOAS）和通訊自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)（）和通訊自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)（CASCAS）組成。但根據(jù)以上）組成。但根據(jù)以上的信息定義，智能綠色建筑將進(jìn)一步綜合運(yùn)用最新的的信息定義，智能綠色建筑將進(jìn)一步綜合運(yùn)用最新的4C4C技術(shù)，即技術(shù)，即計(jì)算機(jī)（計(jì)算機(jī)（computercomputer）、控制（）、控制（controlcontrol）、通訊（）、通訊（communicationcommunication）和和CRTCRT圖形顯示技術(shù)，不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)以上三大系統(tǒng)的整合優(yōu)化，而且能圖形顯示技術(shù)，不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)以上三大系統(tǒng)的整合優(yōu)

22、化，而且能夠通過(guò)室內(nèi)外的傳感系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)氣溫、濕度、風(fēng)速、光照強(qiáng)度等變夠通過(guò)室內(nèi)外的傳感系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)氣溫、濕度、風(fēng)速、光照強(qiáng)度等變化，并根據(jù)這些參數(shù)控制窗戶、空調(diào)系統(tǒng)和能源再生系統(tǒng)，以求化，并根據(jù)這些參數(shù)控制窗戶、空調(diào)系統(tǒng)和能源再生系統(tǒng)，以求得最高的室內(nèi)工作生活質(zhì)量與最少的自然干擾相統(tǒng)一。得最高的室內(nèi)工作生活質(zhì)量與最少的自然干擾相統(tǒng)一。 Intelligentization of traditional buildings is usually consisted of Building Automatization System (BAS), Office Automation System （OA

23、S）and Communication Automatization System（CAS）. However, according to the information definition mentioned above, intelligent and green buildings will further be applied the latest four-C technologies synthetically, namely computer, control, communication and Graphic Reveal Technology (CRT), they ca

24、n not only conformity and optimize former three systems, but also monitor those changes such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and intensity of illumination etc through outdoor and indoor sensing system, at same time, they can control windows, air-conditioning system and energy regeneration syste

25、m according to these parameter so as to achieve perfect combination of the highest indoor living and working quality and lowest natural interference. 20三、綠色建筑與一般建筑的區(qū)別 Differences between green buildings and general ones 21l 第一，一般建筑在結(jié)構(gòu)上趨向于封閉，在設(shè)計(jì)上力求與自然環(huán)境完全第一，一般建筑在結(jié)構(gòu)上趨向于封閉，在設(shè)計(jì)上力求與自然環(huán)境完全隔離，室內(nèi)環(huán)境往往是不利于健康的

26、；而綠色建筑的內(nèi)部與外部采取有效連隔離，室內(nèi)環(huán)境往往是不利于健康的；而綠色建筑的內(nèi)部與外部采取有效連通的辦法，會(huì)對(duì)氣候變化自動(dòng)進(jìn)行自適應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)，就像鳥(niǎo)兒一樣，它可以根據(jù)通的辦法，會(huì)對(duì)氣候變化自動(dòng)進(jìn)行自適應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)，就像鳥(niǎo)兒一樣，它可以根據(jù)季節(jié)的變化換羽毛。建筑有自己的神經(jīng)（智能），變化羽毛等于交換節(jié)能?chē)竟?jié)的變化換羽毛。建筑有自己的神經(jīng)（智能），變化羽毛等于交換節(jié)能?chē)o(hù)裝置和性能。護(hù)裝置和性能。First, general buildings tend to be closed in structure, and completely separated from the natural envir

27、onment in design. Indoor environment is not healthful; but green buildings, with their connected inside and outside, may adjust themselves to gear to the climate changes, just like birds that can change their feather by the season changes. Buildings have their own nerves (intelligence). To change th

28、e “feather ” is just to exchange the energy saving maintenance devices and performance. 22l 第二、一般建筑隨著建筑設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)和用材的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化，大江第二、一般建筑隨著建筑設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)和用材的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化，大江南北建筑的形式一律化、單調(diào)化造就了南北建筑的形式一律化、單調(diào)化造就了“千城一面千城一面”；而綠色建筑推行本地；而綠色建筑推行本地材料，尊重幾千年的地方文化傳統(tǒng)，真正造就凝固的音樂(lè)，建筑將隨著氣候、材料，尊重幾千年的地方文化傳統(tǒng)，真正造就凝固的音樂(lè)，建筑將隨著氣候、自然資源和地區(qū)文化的差異而重新呈

29、現(xiàn)不同的風(fēng)貌。自然資源和地區(qū)文化的差異而重新呈現(xiàn)不同的風(fēng)貌。Second, general buildings are unvaried along with the standardization and industrialization of design, production and materials as well as the unvaried and toneless forms of buildings across China; but for green buildings, local materials are applied, and local cultural

30、 traditions of thousands of years are respected to solidified music. Buildings will vary with the climate, natural resources and regional culture. 2324l 第三、一般建筑是一種商品，建筑的形式往往不顧環(huán)境資源的限制，第三、一般建筑是一種商品，建筑的形式往往不顧環(huán)境資源的限制，片面追求批量化生產(chǎn)，低成本建設(shè)，自我創(chuàng)造形象；而綠色建筑則將被看作片面追求批量化生產(chǎn)，低成本建設(shè)，自我創(chuàng)造形象；而綠色建筑則將被看作一種資源，建筑及其城市發(fā)展都將以最小的生態(tài)

31、和資源代價(jià)，在廣泛的領(lǐng)域一種資源，建筑及其城市發(fā)展都將以最小的生態(tài)和資源代價(jià)，在廣泛的領(lǐng)域獲得最大利益。獲得最大利益。Third, general buildings are a kind of commodity. The form of building always disregards the restriction of natural resources. Theres a unilateral pursuit of batch production, low-cost construction, and self-creation of image. But green buil

32、dings will be regard as a kind of resource. Buildings and the development of their cities will be at minimum cost of ecology and resources, and obtain maximum benefit in extensive fields. 25l 第四、一般建筑追求第四、一般建筑追求“新、奇、特新、奇、特”“”“大、洋、貴大、洋、貴”，追求標(biāo)志效應(yīng)，歐，追求標(biāo)志效應(yīng)，歐陸風(fēng)或陸風(fēng)或風(fēng)盛行；而綠色建筑的建筑形式也將從與大自然和諧相處中獲得風(fēng)盛行；而綠色建筑的建筑

33、形式也將從與大自然和諧相處中獲得靈感，靈感，“美存在于以最小的資源獲得最大限度的豐富性和多樣性美存在于以最小的資源獲得最大限度的豐富性和多樣性”。人類(lèi)對(duì)。人類(lèi)對(duì)建筑美的感知將建立在生態(tài)影響的基礎(chǔ)上，而不是建立在精美藝術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)、夸建筑美的感知將建立在生態(tài)影響的基礎(chǔ)上，而不是建立在精美藝術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)、夸張的形式主義上。重返張的形式主義上。重返20002000多年前古羅馬杰出建筑師維特魯威提出的多年前古羅馬杰出建筑師維特魯威提出的“緊固、緊固、適用、愉悅適用、愉悅”六字真經(jīng)上。六字真經(jīng)上。Fourth, general buildings tend to be new, original, special,

34、 big, exotic, and expensive, and seek for landmark effect, with European or any other styles prevailing. But green buildings will obtain inspiration from the harmony with the nature. “Beauty exists in the maximum richness and diversity obtained from the minimum resources”. Humans perception of archi

35、tectural beauty will be based upon the ecological effect, instead of the exquisite artistic details and exaggerated externalism, thus back to the “fastening, applicable and pleasant” principle set forth by an outstanding architect in ancient Roma more than 2000 years ago. 26l 第五、一般建筑能耗非常大，建筑業(yè)是所有產(chǎn)業(yè)中的

36、耗能（第五、一般建筑能耗非常大，建筑業(yè)是所有產(chǎn)業(yè)中的耗能（50%50%）大戶和）大戶和污染大戶（污水排放污染大戶（污水排放50%50%）；綠色建筑極大的減少了能耗，甚至自身產(chǎn)生和利）；綠色建筑極大的減少了能耗，甚至自身產(chǎn)生和利用可再生能源，用可再生能源，“零能耗零能耗”（廣泛利用太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能、地?zé)崮埽┖停◤V泛利用太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能、地?zé)崮埽┖汀傲闩欧帕闩欧拧苯ㄖ?。發(fā)電節(jié)能提高建筑。發(fā)電節(jié)能提高5%5%，汽車(chē)節(jié)能提高，汽車(chē)節(jié)能提高10%10%極為困難，而建筑節(jié)能輕易可達(dá)極為困難，而建筑節(jié)能輕易可達(dá)50-60%50-60%。Fifth, general buildings are highly ener

37、gy consuming. The building sector is a major energy consumer （contributing 50%） and pollution maker （contributing 50% to the polluted water）among all sectors; green buildings reduce the energy consumption greatly, they can even generate and utilize reusable energy sources (extensive utilization of s

38、olar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy) to realize “zero energy consumption” and “zero emission”. Its very hard to increase the energy saving by 5% in the electricity generation, and by 10% in the automobiles. But the energy saving of buildings can reach 50-60% easily. 27l 第六，一般建筑僅在建造過(guò)程或者是使用

39、過(guò)程中對(duì)環(huán)境負(fù)責(zé)，是狹義的第六，一般建筑僅在建造過(guò)程或者是使用過(guò)程中對(duì)環(huán)境負(fù)責(zé)，是狹義的“以人為本以人為本”；而綠色建筑是在建筑的全壽命周期內(nèi)，為人類(lèi)提供健康、適；而綠色建筑是在建筑的全壽命周期內(nèi)，為人類(lèi)提供健康、適用和高效的使用空間，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)與自然共生，從被動(dòng)的減少對(duì)自然的干擾，用和高效的使用空間，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)與自然共生，從被動(dòng)的減少對(duì)自然的干擾，到主動(dòng)地創(chuàng)造環(huán)境的豐富性，減少資源需求上來(lái)，從狹義的到主動(dòng)地創(chuàng)造環(huán)境的豐富性，減少資源需求上來(lái)，從狹義的“以人為本以人為本”轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向子孫后代和全人類(lèi)的向子孫后代和全人類(lèi)的“以人為本以人為本”。Sixth, general buildings are on

40、ly responsible for the environment during the construction or use, and are person centered in a narrow sense; but green buildings tend to protect the environment to the full extent, reduce pollution, provide the human beings a healthy, applicable and efficient space in the whole life of the building

41、, A passive reduction of disturbance to the nature is turned into the active creation of diversified environment and the reduction of resource demand, and the person-centered conception in narrow sense is turned into the person-centered conception for the future generations and the entire human bein

42、g. 28四、推行綠色建筑的一般對(duì)策 Basic countermeasures to initiate green buildings 29l 全面啟動(dòng)北方地區(qū)的供熱體制改革，新全面啟動(dòng)北方地區(qū)的供熱體制改革，新推行集中供熱的地區(qū)與城市全部采用新體制推行集中供熱的地區(qū)與城市全部采用新體制Fully launch the heat supply system in the northern region of China. New system will be implemented in all regions and cities where central heating is just

43、 initiated. l 強(qiáng)制性執(zhí)行現(xiàn)有的建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)制性執(zhí)行現(xiàn)有的建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Implement the existing energy saving standards for buildings in a compulsive way.30l 制定新的內(nèi)容更寬泛的建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與制定新的內(nèi)容更寬泛的建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與技術(shù)規(guī)范技術(shù)規(guī)范Develop new and more inclusive standards and technical specifications for energy saving of buildings. l 執(zhí)行建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)是實(shí)際工作的最低要執(zhí)行建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)

44、是實(shí)際工作的最低要求，鼓勵(lì)地方政府和企業(yè)超標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行求，鼓勵(lì)地方政府和企業(yè)超標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行To implement the energy saving standards for buildings shall be the minimum requirement in the practical work. Local governments and enterprises are encouraged to implement beyond the standards. 31l 建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要從設(shè)計(jì)、施工、運(yùn)行擴(kuò)建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要從設(shè)計(jì)、施工、運(yùn)行擴(kuò)展到建筑的節(jié)水、節(jié)材和減少溫室氣體和廢水、展到建筑的

45、節(jié)水、節(jié)材和減少溫室氣體和廢水、垃圾排放。建筑節(jié)能應(yīng)擴(kuò)展到建筑的全過(guò)程垃圾排放。建筑節(jié)能應(yīng)擴(kuò)展到建筑的全過(guò)程Energy saving standards for buildings shall be extended from the design, construction and operation to the water saving, material saving, reduction of greenhouse gas, wastewater, and garbage emission in buildings. Energy saving of buildings shall

46、 be extended to the full process of building. 32l 財(cái)政投資和補(bǔ)貼的公共建筑，應(yīng)率先達(dá)財(cái)政投資和補(bǔ)貼的公共建筑，應(yīng)率先達(dá)到嚴(yán)格的節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和綠色建筑規(guī)范，鼓勵(lì)地方到嚴(yán)格的節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和綠色建筑規(guī)范，鼓勵(lì)地方制訂和執(zhí)行更高的節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制訂和執(zhí)行更高的節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Public buildings receiving fiscal investment and subsidy shall take the lead to meet the energy saving standards and green building criterions. Local go

47、vernments are encouraged to develop and implement higher energy saving standards. l 對(duì)高級(jí)公寓和標(biāo)志性的公共建筑應(yīng)執(zhí)行更對(duì)高級(jí)公寓和標(biāo)志性的公共建筑應(yīng)執(zhí)行更高的節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高的節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Higher energy saving standards shall be implemented for high-grade apartments and landmark public buildings. 33英國(guó)倫敦英國(guó)倫敦 London of UK34Build a green building rating syst

48、em and relevant incentive programs adapted to the situation of China. l 建立適應(yīng)中國(guó)國(guó)情的綠色建筑分等評(píng)級(jí)制建立適應(yīng)中國(guó)國(guó)情的綠色建筑分等評(píng)級(jí)制度及相應(yīng)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)方法度及相應(yīng)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)方法35五、啟動(dòng)中國(guó)綠色建筑運(yùn)動(dòng)的杠桿強(qiáng)化對(duì)地方政府的激勵(lì) The lever to start up the green building initiative of China enhanced incentive to local governments36l 各地氣候條件和發(fā)展程度差異極大的中國(guó)，各地氣候條件和發(fā)展程度差異極大的中國(guó)，推行綠色

49、建筑必須充分依靠地方政府的主動(dòng)性推行綠色建筑必須充分依靠地方政府的主動(dòng)性和創(chuàng)造性和創(chuàng)造性The initiativeness and creativity of local governments must by relied on to initiate green buildings in China, where with significantly varied climate conditions and development levels. 37l 上海實(shí)例上海實(shí)例 Examples of ShanghaiExamples of Shanghai38表表1 1 住宅建筑發(fā)展與既有

50、住宅建筑節(jié)能改造預(yù)測(cè)住宅建筑發(fā)展與既有住宅建筑節(jié)能改造預(yù)測(cè)Table 1 Development of Dwelling Buildings and Forecast of Energy Saving Renovation for Already Existing Dwelling BuildingsYearQuantity of Dwelling Buildings on Hand Increase of New Buildings 1Increase of Energy-Saving Buildings2Total Quantity of Energy-Saving BuildingsQu

51、antity of Already Existing Buildings under Energy-Saving Predicted Rate of Renovation 3Predicted Total Quantity Renovated 10,000m210,000m210,000m210,000m210,000m2%10,000m22003305603654320427200432560200060010272005345602000200030272010420601500150010527630.662630.6620154706010001000155271576.6554729

52、.95202049560500500180273153.31014189.8539表表2 2 公共建筑發(fā)展與既有公共建筑節(jié)能改造預(yù)測(cè)公共建筑發(fā)展與既有公共建筑節(jié)能改造預(yù)測(cè) Table 2 Development of Public Buildings and Forecast of Energy Saving Renovation for Already Existing Public BuildingsYearQuantity of Dwelling House on Hand Increase of New Public Buildings 1Increase of Energy-Saving Buildings2Total Quantity of Energy-Saving BuildingsQuantity of Already Existing Public Buildings under Energy-Saving Predicted Rate of Renovation 3Predicted Tot