正確掌握英語時(shí)態(tài)

1、正確掌握英語時(shí)態(tài)在英語中, 時(shí)態(tài)是英語語法中的難點(diǎn)之一，它種類多，容易混淆，下面筆者通過幾種時(shí)態(tài)比較, 幫助英語學(xué)習(xí)者理解和掌握時(shí)態(tài)的用法。 現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去一般時(shí)；過去完成時(shí)與過去一般時(shí)；過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去一般時(shí)；將來一般時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與過去一般式；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)錢塘個(gè)人空間；現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與過去完成時(shí) 錢塘個(gè)人空間；現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)錢塘個(gè)人空間 1) I come from Shanghai(上海人)；I have come from Shanghai（從上海來） 2) You read very well. (強(qiáng)調(diào)能

2、力)；Youve read very well. （強(qiáng)調(diào)一次剛完成的動(dòng)作）錢塘個(gè)人空間mNw9r.r;p7w 3) I forget.(一時(shí)想不起來了） I have forgotten.（仍沒想起來，可能已回憶起來了）錢塘個(gè)人空間)4) The book is written in simple English. (表狀態(tài)） The book has been written in simple English.（表動(dòng)態(tài)，已用英語寫成）錢塘個(gè)人空間)5) Every time I see him, hes been reading. （兩個(gè)動(dòng)作不可能同時(shí)進(jìn)行）Every time I hav

3、e seen him, hes been reading. (強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行） 6) He is gone. (強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）He has gone （強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作和時(shí)間） 7) He wont come till the play begins. (演出開始時(shí)）錢塘個(gè)人空間 )He wont come till the play has begun.（戲已開始） 8) After I leave school, Ill go to college. （兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊密相接）錢塘個(gè)人空間）After I have left school, Ill go to college.（強(qiáng)調(diào)畢業(yè)后，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作可

4、能有間隔） It is a long time since I saw you last. Its been a long time since I saw you last.(這兩句話一樣，后一句是美國英語） Where are you? (在哪）Where have you been?(去了哪） 2. 現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) He works hard.（強(qiáng)調(diào)始終如一）He is working hard.（強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在） 2) What do you do? (干什么工作的）What are you doing?（在干什么） 3) Here comes the bus! (表高興和欣慰） T

5、he bus is coming.（汽車到來的情景） 4) I forget him name. Im forgetting his name.(差點(diǎn)把他的名字忘了）；You dont eat much. (強(qiáng)調(diào)胃口不大）；Youre not eating much.（你怎么不吃呀） 6) The match starts at 7 oclock. (比較固定，不宜改變） The match is starting at 7 oclock.（可以改變）錢塘個(gè)人空間)7) Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late.(表示不滿，責(zé)備） 8)T

6、om goes to college now. Tom is going to college now.(這兩句區(qū)別不大，后者更生動(dòng)） 9） I tell you.（我可以告訴你）Im telling you.(我告訴你吧，有感情色彩） 10) He always sleeps in the afternoon. He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味著整個(gè)下午都睡掉了） 11) I expect you to phone me. ( 幾乎等于命令） Im expecting you to phone me.（婉轉(zhuǎn)） What do you s

7、ay? What are you saying?(你說些什么呀，表說話人驚訝，不滿） 12) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果） Im finding that the book is too difficult for me. (強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，逐漸感到） 13) Apples cost more these days.(強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)) Apples are costing more these days.(越來越貴) 14) He always thinks of others. Hes always thinking of oth

8、ers.(表示贊揚(yáng)) 15) Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody.(強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先后) Whenever I see him, he is arguing with somebody.(強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行) I hope youll give us some advice. Im hoping youll give us some advice.(表示語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)) I must go. (我應(yīng)該去)I must be going.(我該走了) 18) We can discuss this while we eat.(說話是沒用餐) We

9、can discuss this while we are eating.(進(jìn)餐已開始) 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去一般時(shí) 1) Ive seen him this morning.(還在上午的時(shí)間里) I saw him this morning.(時(shí)間已不在上午了) 2) Whos opened the window? (窗戶還在開著) Who opened the window? (與現(xiàn)在無關(guān),窗戶可能已關(guān)上) 3) Have you ever heard him sing? (他可能不是愛唱歌) Did you ever hear him sing?(你曾聽過他唱歌嗎,他可能是歌唱家) 4

10、) Have you ever heard of such a thing? (你聽過這種事嗎) Did you ever hear of such a thing?(這種事, 你聽說過嗎? 是一個(gè)修辭性問題，表示驚異。) 5) What have I done to make you so angry? (對方仍生氣） What did I do to make you so angry? （暗示某一過去的時(shí)間，可能對方已不生氣了。） 6) How has he done it? (他這活干的怎么樣？強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果） How did he do it?（他是怎么干這活的？強(qiáng)調(diào)干活的方式） 7) H

11、e has lived in New York for eight years. (他仍在紐約） He lived in New York for eight years.（他可能不在人世了） 8) He has been called a thinker. He was called a thinker.(他曾被譽(yù)為思想家） 09) Youve heard what I said. (你聽見我的話了） You heard what I said.（你是聽見我的話的，口氣嚴(yán)厲，具有感情色彩。） 10) Ive lost my pen. (筆還沒找到）I lost my pen.（筆可能找到了）

12、 11) He has already been there. (曾去過哪） He was already there.（當(dāng)時(shí)在哪） 12) Since I have been ill, my friend has visited me every day.（生病還在延續(xù)）Since I was ill, my friend has visited me every day. (病已好了） 3) Have you slept well? (暗示疲倦了，休息后是否好些了） E;c0Did you sleep well?（暗示睡的是否舒服，滿意） 過去完成時(shí)與過去一般時(shí) 1) I came her

13、e after I finished middle school.(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作每間隔) I came here after I had finished middle school.(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有間隔,強(qiáng)調(diào)先后概念) 2) I waited till I saw him. I waited till I had seen him. (這兩個(gè)句子差不多,過去完成時(shí)更普遍) 3) We hoped he would come.(我們希望他來) We had hoped he would come.(我們本希望他來 4) I dont think he sang as well as he once d

14、id.(指具體一次) I dont think he sang as well as he had once done.(泛指以前,現(xiàn)在可能不唱了) 5) Before I came here, I was a soldier.(我來此以前在當(dāng)兵) Before I came here, I had been a soldier.(我來此以前,曾當(dāng)過兵) 6) Jim said he didnt know he was so strong.(表示Jim在說話時(shí)仍很結(jié)實(shí)) Jim said he didnt know he had been so strong.(表示在Jim說話之前曾結(jié)實(shí)過)

15、7) They were friends from many years.(表示現(xiàn)在還是朋友) They had been friends for many years.(意味這友誼結(jié)束了)錢塘個(gè)人空間）8) He did the work at 6.(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間 He had done the work at 6. (6點(diǎn)工作已做完) 9) I learned French during my holiday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)了) had learned French during my holiday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)會(huì)了) 10) When she sang she sat down.(表示唱著坐下)

16、When she had sung she sat down.(表示唱完坐下) 11) I went to bed when I did my homework.(不明確) I went to bed when I had done my homework.(作業(yè)做完) 12) I have lived here since I was a child.(從我長大成人)錢塘個(gè)人空間I have lived here since I had a child.(從我孩提時(shí)) 5. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去一般時(shí) 1) I read a book yesterday. (書已看完) I was readin

17、g a book yesterday.(書尚未看完) 2) The guests arrived.(客人已到) The guests were arriving.(客人陸續(xù)到達(dá)) He woke from a dream. (表示全醒) He was waking from a dream.(表示初醒) 4) The old man died.(已死) The old man was dying.(要死) 5) John told me about it.(告訴我了,我都知道了) John was telling me about it.(跟我談起過,我想了解更多的事情) 6) They pe

18、rsuaded me to go along with them.(已經(jīng)說服) They were persuading me to go along with them.(還在勸說) 7) The wind blew hard all night.(強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)) The wind was blowing hard all night.(強(qiáng)調(diào)風(fēng)刮個(gè)不停) 8) I expected you. I was expecting you.(客氣,表示可能等了很舊了)錢塘個(gè)人空間V H 9) He knocked at the door.(強(qiáng)調(diào)一次性) He was knocking at the do

19、or.(強(qiáng)調(diào)多次性) 6. 將來一般時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 1) Will he come? Is he coming?(時(shí)間發(fā)生的比較近) 2) How long will you stay hear? (表示意愿) How long will you stay here?(表示打算) 3) Shell have a baby. (表示肯定) Shes going to have a baby.(表示推測,計(jì)劃) Ill see him this evening.(表示意愿) Im seeing him this evening.(表示打算,已有安排) 7. 現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)與過去一般式 Do u you

20、wi sh to see me? Did you wish to see me?(表示婉轉(zhuǎn)客氣) 2) Thats all I have to say.(我的話就這些) Thats all I had to say.(我要說的就這些) 3) How do you like the film? (看電影過程中) How did you like the film?(看完電影后) 4) It is nice to see you.(見面時(shí)說) It was so nice to see you.(離別時(shí)說) 5) I never like him. (沒時(shí)間性) I never liked him.(從來沒喜歡過) 6) I think I know that voice.(沒見客人時(shí)) I thought I know