初中英語虛擬語氣

1、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣分清真實(shí)和虛擬（特別是if)If引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在、過去、將來的虛擬語氣Wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣表示建議、命令的問題 判斷是否虛擬判斷是否虛擬2. 判斷虛擬類型判斷虛擬類型3. 判斷虛擬時(shí)間判斷虛擬時(shí)間虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 表示說話人的所說的話表示說話人的所說的話不是事實(shí)不是事實(shí)， 一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等(在在條件從句條件從句中中或或讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句中中)； 一種表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、一種表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等建議等 (在在賓語從句賓語從句 等名詞性從句中等名詞性從句中)。 I wish you were more careful . 但愿

2、你更細(xì)心一些。但愿你更細(xì)心一些。 條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。句兩種。真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句所表的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的所表的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的,是與是與事實(shí)相符的。事實(shí)相符的。非真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句所表的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能所表的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的， 與事實(shí)相反的情況。與事實(shí)相反的情況。If it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandma. If I were a bird, I would fly to America.非真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句 If I h

3、ad time, I would certainly join you in the tennis match. （事實(shí)是：我沒有時(shí)間） 我要是有時(shí)間肯定和你一起打這場網(wǎng)球比賽。 If I were you, I would put her suggestion into account. （事實(shí)是：我并不是你） 我要是你，我會考慮她的建議的。 非真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句 If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. （假設(shè)的情況不大可能發(fā)生） 要是我有機(jī)會試一試，我會用另一種方法做的。 Even if th

4、ey were to fail, they wouldnt lose courage. （說話人不希望假設(shè)的情況發(fā)生） 即使他們?nèi)f一失敗，他們也不會泄氣。 一、虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中一、虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中與與過去過去事事實(shí)相反的實(shí)相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在相相反的假設(shè)反的假設(shè)與與將來將來相相反的假設(shè)反的假設(shè)虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句If+主語主語+ Ved（be用用were)If+主語主語+had + V過分過分If+主語主語+ Ved （be用用were)If+主語主語+were to+ V原原If+主語主語+should + V原原主語主語wouldV原原(should/coul

5、d/might)主語主語would V原原(should/could/might)主語主語wouldhave + V過分過分(should/could/might)I would buy an expensive car. I would buy a villa. I would travel around the world.If I won the lottery,現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If I _time last night, I _ to see the film with you .had hadwould have gone過去事實(shí)相反過去事實(shí)相反If he_ more car

6、efully, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had Mark: 100 I _ a party for you . should get If you_gotWere to get a full mark next time,將來時(shí)相反將來時(shí)相反would hold If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.If it rained tom

7、orrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反與將來事實(shí)相反 Wish 的賓語從句現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過去：過去：將來將來：過去時(shí)（過去時(shí)（were）過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)would/could/might+V. I wish I were a bird I wish I hadnt made such a mistake We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. 1. 在wish的賓語從句中用于賓語從句用于賓語從句I wish從句結(jié)構(gòu)從句結(jié)構(gòu)Example與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去式一般過去式I wis

8、h it were autumn now.與過去事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成式過去完成式He wishes(wished) he had not lost the chance.與將來事實(shí)相反與將來事實(shí)相反WouldCould +V.原形原形MightI wish you would come soon.I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I became as famous as Yao Ming.I wish I were a bird.I wish I could fly like a bird.I wish every day were my bi

9、rthday.He wish he hadnteaten so much watermelon.I wish the lunch time would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.2.在表示建議，要求，命令的詞在表示建議，要求，命令的詞 command（命令）（命令）, demand（要求）（要求）, desire（希望，要（希望，要求）求）, insist（堅(jiān)持）（堅(jiān)持）, order（命令）（命令）, propose（提議）（提議）, recommend（推薦）（推薦）, request（要求）（要求）, require（要求）（要求）,

10、 suggest（建議），（建議），后的賓語從句中：后的賓語從句中： “(should) +動詞原形動詞原形”e.g. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I demanded that he (should) answer me immediately. 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持一個(gè)堅(jiān)持insist ， 兩個(gè)命令兩個(gè)命令order, command ， 三個(gè)建議三個(gè)建議advise, suggest, propose 四個(gè)要求四個(gè)要求demand , require, request, desire 注：以上動詞的注：以上動詞的名詞名詞形式用于從句中，形式

11、用于從句中，從句中的動詞也是用從句中的動詞也是用“(should) + 動詞原動詞原形形”名詞形式 suggestion（建議）, motion（動議）, proposal（提議）, order（命令）, recommendation（推薦）， advice (建議) , instruction (指示、指令) idea（想法）, Eg He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan . 他提議擬定一個(gè)執(zhí)行計(jì)劃的期限。 They requested that we ( should )

12、send a delegation to their country. 他們請求我們派一個(gè)代表團(tuán)到他們國家去。 I suggested that he ( should ) set off for our headquarters straightaway . 我建議他馬上動身去我們的總部。 The instruction was that nobody be allowed to go to sleep until further orders. 指示要求，任何人不得在接到進(jìn)一步的命令之前去睡覺。 My suggestion is that he leave for London at on

13、ce . 我的建議是他立即動身去倫敦。 What do you think of his proposal that we ( should )put on a play at the English evening? 他的建議是我們在英語晚會上演一個(gè)劇,你覺得怎么樣？ My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others. We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off（延期）. PRACTICE 1PRACT

14、ICE 1: Fill in the blanks. a. If they _ (be) here,they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (break) out again,what _ (happen) to our people on earth?c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room now, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position,I _(ask) for teachers help.werewould t

15、akebrokewould happenwere notcould bewerewould askPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks e. If Tom _ (be) more careful in theexam, he _ _ (pass) it already. f. If you (get) up earlier,you _ _ (catch) the first train. g. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ _ (go) to the concert together.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould h