大學(xué)英語常用詞詞義辨析實例(一)

1、林明金講義大學(xué)英語詞義辨析實例（一）林明金abandon, desert, forsake, relinquish, discard 丟棄辨析abandon是失去控制，或喪失了占有的能力，強調(diào)永遠和完全放棄。desert “遺棄，拋棄”，強調(diào)違背允諾、誓言或逃避責(zé)任。Forsake“放棄，拋棄”，強調(diào)斷絕感情的依戀。Relinquish強調(diào)放棄權(quán)利，特權(quán)或要求。discard“廢棄，摒棄，扔掉”，指無用而廢棄。例證1 They abandoned their lands to the invading forces.他們丟下了土地，遭侵略占領(lǐng)。2 The village had been hu

2、rriedly deserted, perhaps because terrorists were in the area.全村人都匆匆逃走了，或許因為該地區(qū)有恐怖分子。3 He forsook his family and friends.他舍棄他的家人和朋友。4 She relinquished possession of the house to her sister.她把房子的所有權(quán)讓給了她的妹妹。5 She discarded a four, and picked up a king.她打出一張四點的牌，抓起一張K。abolish, eliminate, extinguish, ca

3、ncel 消除辨析abolish指“用暴力或法律手段廢除舊制度、舊風(fēng)俗”。eliminate指“消除或淘汰不需要的東西”。extinguish指“用壓服性的武力等手段使其毀滅”。Cancel指“取消已預(yù)定的事情”。例證1Should the death penalty be abolished?應(yīng)該廢除死刑嗎？2. The police have eliminated two suspects from their enquiry.警方從調(diào)查中排除了兩名受嫌疑的人。3They tried to extinguish the fire.他們竭力要把火焰撲滅。4. The match had to

4、 be cancelled because of bad weather.比賽因天氣不好只得取消。disgusting, abominable令人討厭的辨析disgusting指“卑鄙的行為、手段或事物令人憎惡”。在日常生活中，該詞的語氣較弱，指“使人討厭或受不了”。abominable語氣很重，有“讓人深惡痛絕的”意味，它可指“一切令人不快的事情”。例證1 He found her cooking habits to be disgusting.他發(fā)現(xiàn)她的烹調(diào)習(xí)慣讓人受不了。2 Your behavior is abominable to me.我討厭你的行為。abridge, shorte

5、n, abbreviate 縮減，縮短辨析abridge指“通過壓縮刪節(jié)而減少，但核心部分仍保留”。shorten指“在長度、時間、范圍等方面縮減”。abbreviate指“詞、短語通過壓縮或省略某些部分而縮短”例證1. This is an abridged edition of War and Peace. 這是一本戰(zhàn)爭與和平的節(jié)略本。2The days are beginning to shorten.白天開始變短了。3. In writing, the title Doctor is abbreviated to Dr”.在書寫時，Doctor頭銜的縮寫是Dr。absorb, assi

6、milate吸收辨析absorb指“使被吸收者失去其特點”，或指“將某人或某物合并”。assimilate指“使被吸收者的特點不復(fù)存在”，或指“將被吸收者變成吸收者的一部分”。例證1 Aspirin is quickly absorbed by the body.阿司匹林很快被身體吸收了。2 The larger firm absorbed the smaller one.那大公司吞并了那小公司。3 Some foods are assimilated more easily than others.有些食物比另一些食物容易吸收。4 The USA has assimilated people

7、 from many different countries.美國同化了來自許多國家的人。abstract, extract提取，提煉辨析abstract指“把一種東西從另一種東西中分離出來”。extract強調(diào)“用力或仔細地直接提取，或使用機器榨出”例證1. We can abstract metal from ore.我們能從礦砂中提取金屬。2. We can extract juice from oranges.我們能榨出橙子汁。3. She extracted passages for the students to translate.她選了些短文讓學(xué)生翻譯。absurd, fool

8、ish, silly, ridiculous不合理辨析absurd強調(diào)“不符合人情或常識”。foolish強調(diào)“缺乏智慧和判斷力”。silly強調(diào)“單純、糊涂、低能的”。ridiculous指“人的行為愚蠢到令人發(fā)笑”，常含有“鄙視”的意味。例證1. It was absurd of you to suggest such a thing.你竟提出這種事，真荒唐。2. It would be foolish to pretend that the accident never happened.要是裝成沒發(fā)生事故的樣子，那就太愚蠢了。3. Dont make us play silly gam

9、es.別讓我們做荒唐可笑的游戲。4. You look ridiculous in those tight jeans.你穿上那緊身牛仔褲樣子真可笑。abundant, plentiful, ample豐富辨析abundant指“豐富的，充裕的”。plenty指“大量的，豐富的”。ample指“充分的、足以滿足需要的”例證1.We have abundant proof of his guilt.我們有充分的證據(jù)證明他有罪。2. We can find plentiful supplies of fresh fruit and vegetables.我們得到大量新鮮水果和蔬菜的供應(yīng)。3.The

10、 director of the company receives an ample salary.公司的董事薪水很高。abuse, misuse不恰當?shù)厥褂帽嫖鯽buse指“錯誤或惡劣地使用本不應(yīng)該那樣使用的東西（如權(quán)力、語言等）”；misuse指“對某種東西使用不當或不妥”，語氣較弱。例證1. Dont abuse your authority.不要濫用權(quán)威。2. Dont misuse public funds.不要濫用公共基金。accelerate, quicken加快辨析accelerate指“事物運動、增長、進步的速率加快”。quicken強調(diào)“動作進行中活躍性，興奮性增大”。例證

11、1 The car accelerated as it overtook me.那輛汽車一加速就超越了我。2His interest was quickened by an article he had read.他讀了一篇文章便興趣大增了。accent, dialect地方口音辨析accent指“一種特別的說話方式，通常與一個國家、地區(qū)或階級有關(guān)”，強調(diào)的是“口音不同”。dialect指“一個國家某一地區(qū)使用的一種語言變體”，它強調(diào)“與同種語言在單詞、語法或發(fā)音方面有不同之處”。例證1 He speaks English with a foreign accent.他說英語帶外國腔。2 Th

12、is play is written in the Yorkshire dialect 這劇本是用約克郡方言寫成的。accomplice, accessory同謀，幫兇辨析accomplice是一般詞匯。accessory是法律詞匯。例證1. The police arrested him and his two accomplices.警方逮捕了他和他的兩個同謀。2. He was charged with being an accessory to murder.他被控為謀殺罪的從犯。accidental, fortuitous, incidental, adventitious偶然的辨析

13、accidental主要指“偶然的，無意中的”。fortuitous指“偶然發(fā)生的，多用于吉利事”。incidental指“偶然碰到的”。adventitious指“偶然的，偶發(fā)的，外來的”。例證1. He had an accidental meeting with a friend.他偶然遇到一位朋友。2. She had a fortuitous meeting with her lover.她與情人偶然相遇。accompany, attend, escort陪伴辨析accompany指“陪同前往，與人結(jié)伴，做他人同伴”。attend指“隨侍，隨從，陪同的對象是上級或應(yīng)以禮相敬的人”。e

14、scort指“以警衛(wèi)身份陪同，指禮節(jié)上的尊重或獻殷勤”。例證1. The minister was accompanied by his secretary to the hospital.部長由他的秘書陪同到醫(yī)院去。2. The queen was attended by her ladies-in-waiting.女王由宮廷女侍陪伴。3. The queen was escorted by the directors as she toured the factory.女王由董事們陪同參觀了工廠。accumulate, amass, gather積累辨析accumulate 強調(diào)“經(jīng)過一段

15、比較長的時間由少積多的積累”，使用范圍較廣，似乎凡是數(shù)量方面的增長都可以表示。amass 強調(diào)“大量的聚集”，常用于財富、信息、所有物等的聚集，這種積累可能一下子完成，也可能在短期內(nèi)完成，也可能在比較長的時間內(nèi)完成，但是數(shù)量總是很大的。Gather指“收拾一起，收集一起”。例證1However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate. 然而，隨著跡象開始積聚，倫敦動物園的專家們感到有必要進行調(diào)查了。2 People tend to amass possessio

16、ns, sometimes without being aware of doing so. 人們傾向于積攢東西，有的并未意識到這樣做。3. The teacher gathered the pupils round her. 老師把小學(xué)生們聚集在她周圍。accurate, correct, exact, precise準確的；精確的辨析accurate強調(diào)“準確性，與事實無出，而且通過努力而使事情達到正確”。correct為一般用語，指“正確無誤，符合某種標準”。 exact指“強調(diào)數(shù)量和品質(zhì)的等極端準確地符合客觀標準，有絲毫不差的意思”。precise指“在微小細節(jié)上高度精確地符合客觀標準

17、，強調(diào)范圍界限的鮮明性或細節(jié)的精密性”。例證1. Is this watch accurate? 這只表準嗎?2. The description is correct in every detail. 每個細節(jié)的敘述都很準確。3. The exact date of the event has escaped me.我記不起這起事件的確切日期了。4. A lawyer needs a precise mind. 律師需要極清楚的頭腦。accuse, charge控告；指控辨析accuse指 “當面指控或指責(zé)，不一定訴諸法庭”。charge指“因犯較大錯誤或重大罪行而進行正式法律控訴”。例證1

18、. The police accused him of stealing.警方控告他犯有盜竊罪。2. The tax collector has been charged with extorting money from several shopkeepers.收稅員受到指控,罪名是向幾個店主勒索錢財。achievement, accomplishment, feat成就;成績辨析achievement指“完成一件異常危險或困難的事情，其結(jié)果是令人敬佩的，需要勇氣和努力才能取得”。accomplishment 指“成就”，強調(diào)“一件事情已經(jīng)做好了或已經(jīng)完成了，但并不指一切完成的事，是指需要學(xué)

19、問或付出一定勞動后才能完成的事情”。feat 指“功績”、“技藝，需要極大的勇氣、智慧、力量或技術(shù)獲得的成就，這一成就受人敬佩”。例證1.He made the greatest scientific achievement of the decade.他取得這十年的最偉大的科學(xué)成就。2. Dancing and singing were among her many accomplishments.她多才多藝，能歌善舞。3. Playing several chess games simultaneously while blind-folded is a remarkable feat.被

20、蒙著眼睛同時下幾盤棋，這種技藝真了不起。acknowledge, admit, confess, own, recognize承認，認為辨析acknowledge 指“公開承認某件事的存在及其真實性，有時也指勉強承認一件以前不能公開的、沒有被披露的或是已經(jīng)遭到否認的事情、過錯等”。admit指“承認，通常由于屈服外界的壓力、說服、受自己良心的驅(qū)使或錯誤的判斷力而不得不承認一件事實確鑿、不可否認的事情，有時也指在爭論中一方姑且讓步?！眂onfess指“正式供認自己的秘密，懺悔錯誤與罪行，表示謙遜和對別人的尊重”。own指“自認”。recognize指“正式承認具有某一特殊身份、地位、權(quán)利、義務(wù)、

21、事實或存在”。例證1. I acknowledge the truth of his statement. 我承認他說的是事實。2. He never admits that he is wrong.他從不承認自己錯了。3.When the police questioned the man, he confessed. 警察審問這個人時，他坦白了。4. He owned the force of my argument.他承認我的論證有說服力。5.They recognized him as the lawful heir.他們承認他是合法的繼承人。acquaint, inform, not

22、ify通知辨析acquaint指“使某人了解前所未知的事”。inform指“以任何方式直接告知”。notify指“官方正式通知”。例證1. The lawyer acquainted himself with the details of his clients business affairs.那位律師了解委托人生意上的詳情。2.The sales manager asked his men to inform him of everything concerning the sales in time.銷售部經(jīng)理讓他手下的人把關(guān)于銷售量的情況及時報告他。3. Have the author

23、ities been notified of this? 當局是否已得知此事？acquisition, acquirement, attainment獲得辨析acquisition是一般用語，指“用自己的努力和勤勞獲得的東西”。特別指“物質(zhì)的和外表的東西，如金錢、土地、財產(chǎn)等”。 acquirement “取得”、“才藝”，常指“精神上和智能上的獲得物，如學(xué)問、音樂、繪畫等”，以區(qū)別物質(zhì)和外表的東西。attainment “學(xué)識”、“造詣”，指“較高的智商上的獲得物”，側(cè)重“使個人品性變得較為高尚的造詣”。例證1 The school has a valuable new acquisitio

24、n in Mr Smith.學(xué)校里來了個生力軍史密斯先生。2. He is a man of uncommon acquirements.他是個才藝出眾的人。3.She is a scholar of the highest attainments.她是造詣極高的學(xué)者。act, action, deed 行為，動作辨析act“行為，動作”，指“做出具體的動作或行為，強調(diào)單一性和完滿性”。action“行為，動作，指動作和行為的多樣性和復(fù)雜性，側(cè)重于較長時間的過程方能完成的某一件事。”deed“行為，行動”，指“行為的單一性和具體性，帶有理智的判斷或決心，表示了不起的成就”。例證1. My fi

25、rst act was to run into the waiting room.我的第一個舉動就是跑進候診室。2. His decisive action turned the whole situation in our favour.他的果斷行動使整個局勢變得對我方有利。3. He is faithful in word and deed.他言行忠實可靠。acute, keen, sharp銳利辨析acute側(cè)重“視察的深刻敏銳性、分辨的細致性”。keen側(cè)重“敏銳”、“聰明”，有時還有“熱心”的意思。sharp指“尖或刃的銳利，或言辭的刻薄”。例證1.He is an acute th

26、inker and often gives a clear analysis of the current situation.他是個深刻的思想家，對目前局勢常有清晰的分析。2.She is a keen student of music.她學(xué)音樂非常熱心。3.She was very sharp with me when I forgot my book.我忘了帶書了，她把我訓(xùn)斥了一頓。adapt, adjust, fit, suit, match調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；使適合辨析adapt指“修改或改變以適應(yīng)新條件”。adjust指“稍作調(diào)整使完全符合或適應(yīng)”。fit指“大小合適”。suit指“合乎需

27、要、口味、性格、條件和地位等”。 match指“大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配”。例證1.She adapted quickly to the new climate.她很快適應(yīng)了這種新氣候。2 He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country.他使自己很快適應(yīng)了這個國家炎熱的氣候。3.Her new shoes didn't fit so she took them back to the shop and changed them for another pair."她那雙新鞋不合穿,所以她去商店換

28、了一雙。"4. Does this skirt suit me?這裙子我穿著好看嗎？5. The curtains and the carpets match perfectly.窗簾和地毯十分諧調(diào)。adequate, enough, sufficient足夠的辨析adequate指“僅夠滿足一種需要，沒有任何富?！?。enough“足夠的，充分的”，一般用詞，意義上比sufficient的確切程度較差。sufficient指“數(shù)量、范圍、力量或質(zhì)量方面足以滿足或恰好滿足某一情況、用途或目的要求?！崩C1. An adequate water supply for city peopl

29、e is already a problem no government can take lightly.給城市供給充足的水源已經(jīng)成為所有政府不能掉以輕心的問題。2.They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle."他們剛剛來得及游離險境,快艇又轉(zhuǎn)了一圈。3. The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, as well as in line of its course

30、are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress. 沿著船壁向上引導(dǎo)的以及與航行方向一致的氣流足以給這種長有特大翅膀的大鳥以充分的支撐力和前進力。adhere, stick 緊密地、持續(xù)地粘連辨析如果堅持的是原則、計劃、意見等，兩者可以通用，但adhere的語氣比stick更正式些。例證1. She adhered to her plan to leave early.她堅持自己的計劃要早點動身。2. They vowed to stick by one ano

31、ther no matter what happened. 他們發(fā)誓不管發(fā)生什么事，都要互相照顧。admonish, warn警告辨析admonish指“提醒某人可能會受到處罰”，語氣較緩和。warn指“警告某人會發(fā)生某種不測或告之如何避免不測”，語氣較重。例證1. He admonished those frantic football fans to change their wicked ways.他告誡那些瘋狂的足球迷們改變那種搗蛋的做法。2. She warned me about the dangerous road, so I crossed it carefully. 她提醒我

32、這條馬路很危險，因此我過馬路小心翼翼。adolescent, teenager青少年辨析adolescent指“介于孩童和成年之間的男孩或女孩”；teenager指“介于13歲至19歲的年輕人”。例證1. He is only an adolescent boy.他只不過是一個青春期的男子。2. This is a club for teenagers.這是個青少年俱樂部。adorn, decorate, ornament裝飾辨析adorn指“本來很美的東西，飾以另外的東西使其更美”。decorate指“用各種各樣的圖案、色彩、物品等使被裝飾的東西煥然一新，以增加節(jié)日的氣氛”。ornament

33、指“以附屬物襯托某物，使其更加美麗”。例證1. She likes to adorn herself with jewels.她喜歡佩戴珠寶。2. We decorate a street with flags. 我們用旗幟裝飾街道。3. That pot is an ornament; we don't use it. 那個鍋是個裝飾品，我們不用。advantage, benefit, profit利益辨析advantage“利益、優(yōu)越“，常指“優(yōu)越的地位或有利的條件”。benefit“利益、恩惠”，指“個人或社會上的獲益”。profit“利益”，側(cè)重指“金錢上的得益，如利潤、贏利”

34、。例證1. Mary speaks good English, but she has an advantage because her mother is English. 瑪麗英語說得好，因為她有一個有利條件，她媽媽是英國人。2. It is said Yogo is of great benefit to human health.據(jù)說瑜咖功對人體健康有極大好處。3. This new invention will bring you great profits like a goldmine.這項新發(fā)明會像一座金礦一樣給你們帶來利潤。affair, business, matter事情

35、辨析affair指“事件,事情”，含義較廣，泛指“已做或待做的事”，復(fù)數(shù)常指“重大事情”。business指“事務(wù)”、“事情”，常指“商務(wù)、業(yè)務(wù)”，也可用于事情，強調(diào)“責(zé)任”或“有任務(wù)”。 matter指“事情”、“事件”，常指“需要考慮和處理的事情”，而不強調(diào)行動。例證1. The press exaggerated the whole affair wildly.新聞報道肆意夸張了整個事件。2I am tired of the whole business.我不愿再管這件事了。3. It is a matter of life and death.這是件生死攸關(guān)的事情。affect, ef

36、fect, influence影響辨析affect“影響”，指“某種變化，受影響或感染而引起感情波動”。effect指“對有影響”，強調(diào)“影響、效果或后果”。influence強調(diào)“對看法、行為、性格、氣質(zhì)等潛移默化的影響”。例證1. The slight change of weather can affect her delicate health 天氣稍有變化就會影響她那脆弱而嬌嫩的身體。2.The film has quite an effect on her. 這部影片對她影響極大。3. No one can avoid being influenced by advertiseme

37、nts. 誰也不能避免受到廣告的影響。affection, love愛戀辨析affection側(cè)重指“慈愛”，“不強烈的、較長期的愛”。love語氣比 affection強，指“深情的愛”，常用于祖國、親友、異性等方面。例證1. I like her, but feel no affection for her.我喜歡她，但并不愛她。2. She loved him to the day of her death.她至死不渝地愛她。agitate, upset, disturb使不安，使焦慮辨析agitate所指的“不安”會不可避免地表露出來。upset是最普通的用詞，也最不正式，它強調(diào)“突然

38、使人不安”，并不一定要有“不安”的外部表現(xiàn)。disturb與upset用法比較接近，它側(cè)重指“某人行動妨礙了別人正常秩序而使人不能安寧。例證1She was agitated by his sudden appearance at the party.他在聚會中突然出現(xiàn)，使她心煩一亂。2.She doesnt want to admit that she was deeply upset.她不想承認她感到極度不安。3.Dont disturb me. I am doing my homework.別打擾我，我在做功課。agony, distress, suffering, misery痛苦辨析

39、agony指“肉體上或精神上的巨大痛苦”。distress指“精神上悲痛或造成痛苦的原因”、“身體上疼痛或不適”或“某種災(zāi)難所造成的痛苦或苦難”。suffering指“對痛苦的感覺和忍受”。misery指“在身體、精神或感情方面長期的極大痛苦或不幸”或“造成這種不幸的原因”，含“無希望解脫”的意思。例證1. The wounded man was in agony. 受傷的人很痛苦。2. The mother was in great distress when her baby became ill. 當她的小孩子生病的時候，母親非常苦惱。3. There is so much suffer

40、ing in this world.這個世界上多災(zāi)多難。4. The failure of her second marriage was another misery to her.第二次結(jié)婚沒有成功是她的另一段痛苦經(jīng)歷。alien, foreigner外國人辨析alien指“住在該國家，但不是該國公民的人，即僑民”。foreigner指“生于或來自他國者”，尤指“有不同語言、文化的人”。例證1. He is just an alien in the USA.他只是在美國的一個僑民。2. There are thousands of foreigners in Beijing.北京有成千上萬

41、的外國人。allege, claim 斷言；宣稱辨析allege指“沒有證據(jù)或在發(fā)現(xiàn)證據(jù)之前做出斷言”。claim指“宣稱某事是真實的，即使是在有疑問或分歧或反對意見時”。例證1. The police allege that the man was murdered but they have given no proof.警方聲稱這男子是被人謀殺的,但未提出任何證據(jù)。2. Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.漁夫和水手有時聲稱看到過海里的妖怪。alter, change, vary改變

42、; 變化辨析change 是通用詞，它有兩層基本含義：“變”和“換”?！白儭笨梢灾负驮瓉淼臉幼踊蛐再|(zhì)稍有不同，也可以指有本質(zhì)的差異。alter 所表示的“改變”只是細節(jié)的，或外表的變化，并不表示本質(zhì)的改變。vary 一般表示轉(zhuǎn)換、變易、增生所致的“變化”或“不同”。modify 主要用來表示有局限性的“改變”，當用于事物時，它所表示的“改變”，在程度上要大于 alter, 在用于人的態(tài)度時，它僅僅表示略加修飾，并不含有很大的變化。例證1At first, she decided to go to the police, but fearing that she would never see

43、Rastus againthe letter had made that quite clearshe changed her mind.起初，她決定去警察局，但是她由于擔心再也見不到拉斯特斯了那封信說得相當清楚她改變了主意。2.He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered. 他可以溫和地指責(zé)一個官員，或者甚至建議議會修改法律條款。3 The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complain

44、t. 他所采取的行動，根據(jù)怨言的性質(zhì)，而有所不同。4 The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society. 工業(yè)革命變革了英國的整個社會結(jié)構(gòu)。alternative, choice, preference選擇辨析alternative指“選擇的范圍受到限制，必須從兩個或少數(shù)幾個中選擇一個”。choice是普通詞匯，指“選擇的機會或被選的對象，強調(diào)自由的選擇”。preference指“根據(jù)自己的喜好而進行選擇”。例證1. The way was blocked, so we went by an al

45、ternative road. 這條路被擋住了，因此我們走了另一條路。2. What influenced you most in your choice of career?在你選擇職業(yè)時，對你影響最大的因素是什么？3. It is entirely a matter of preference.這完全是個見仁見智的問題。altitude, height, elevation高度辨析altitude指“海拔高度”，尤指“超過海面的高度”，其復(fù)數(shù)指“高地”、“高處”。 height 是一般用語，指“從底部到頂部的距離”。elevation主要指“高出海面的高度”，又指“山”、“高地”。例證1.

46、We are flying at an altitude of 20000 feet. 我們的飛行高度是20000英尺。2.Whats the height of the World Trade Center? 世界貿(mào)易中心有多高？3.The city is at an elevation of 2000 meters.這座城市海拔2000米。ambiguous, vague, obscure不明確辨析ambiguous指“兩種或多種解釋而使意義不明確”。vague指“模糊的，不明確的”。obsure指“某事物的意思含糊不清，或因知識缺乏而難解的”。例證1. “Look at those pr

47、etty little girls dresses” is ambiguous ,because it is not clear whether the girls or the dresses are “pretty”.“看看那些漂亮的小女孩兒的連衣裙”這句話有歧義，因為不清楚是“小女孩兒”還是“連衣裙”是“漂亮的”。2. Through the fog we saw the vague outline of a ship. 透過霧，我們看到船的模糊輪廓。3. His real motive for the crime remains obscure.他犯罪的真正動機仍不清楚。amiable

48、, amicable親切的，友好的辨析amiable指“人或其他生物友好的”。amicable指“各種關(guān)系、文件、協(xié)議等友好的”。例證1. The foreign guests are always amiable to the host when they visit his house。外賓來到主人家拜訪時總是友好的。2. An amicable settlement was reached.已達成和解。amid (amidst), among (amongst) 在當中辨析amid指“不可數(shù)或無法數(shù)的東西”。among一般指可數(shù)名詞。例證1. I searched amid the gr

49、avel for my contact lens.我在碎石里尋找我的隱形眼鏡。2. We search among the books for the dictionary.我們在書里面尋找詞典。ancestor, forefather, forebears祖先辨析ancestor是普通用語。forefather常出現(xiàn)在詩歌當中，多用復(fù)數(shù)，尤指男性。forebears常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，一般在文學(xué)作品中使用。例證1Her ancestors had come to England as refugees.她的祖先來到英國的時候是難民。2.He didnt know the religion of

50、 his forefathers.他不知道他的祖先的宗教信仰。3. Our forebears lived in the trees.我們的祖先住在樹上。antagonist, opponent, rival, competitor對手辨析antagonist與opponent相比含有更多的敵意或更尖銳的對立，語氣比較重。opponent指“與自己意見不一、有競爭或沖突關(guān)系的人”，它強調(diào)“另一方是自己的對立面”。rival與competitor都是指“為了得到同一樣?xùn)|西或達到同一目的的競爭對手?！?competitor常“不摻雜個人情感，不含有敵意”。例證1.They are old anta

51、gonists.他們是舊冤家。2.He had a worthy opponent.他遇到一個和他勢均力敵的對手。3.The two men are not only rivals for the same job but also for the same girl.這兩個男人不僅為同一份工作競爭，還爭搶同一個女孩。4.The small shop owner often welcomes a nearby competitor to stimulate business.小店主常常歡迎臨近的店家競爭以刺激生意。antecedent, previous先前辨析antecedent是一個正式和

52、技術(shù)性用語，既可作定語，也可跟介詞to。 previous是普通用語，指“在時間或順序上居前”，一般作定語。例證1These are the events antecedent to the murder.這些都是謀殺發(fā)生前的事件。2Have you had any previous experience?你以前有什么經(jīng)驗嗎？anticipate, expect, look forward to期望、預(yù)期辨析anticipate指“以興奮或恐懼的心情期待所想之事的發(fā)生”。expect指“感覺某事必將發(fā)生”，有一定根據(jù)，肯定性較強，口語中有時等于“想”。look forward to是復(fù)合動詞，

53、后面接名詞或動名詞，指“抱者歡悅、焦慮的心情等待、盼望某一未來事件”。例證1. We anticipate a wonderful vacation.我們期待著一個快樂的假期。2. The teacher expects his students to do their best.老師期望自己的學(xué)生盡最大的努力。3. She has been looking forward to hearing from her mother.她一直在盼望著母親的來信。antique, ancient, old古老辨析antique意為“古老而有價值的”，即指“古代傳下來的或自過去一直保存下來的”。ancie

54、nt用于指“很古老的事物、時期或文明”，是正式用語。當非正式地用于人或事物時，它指“非常老”、“非常舊”。old是個常用詞，往往需配上修飾語才可避免意思含糊不清。例證1I really like the antique much better than modern art.我喜歡古代藝術(shù)遠勝于現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)。2They study ancient history of Rome and Greece.他們研究羅馬和古希臘歷史。3Dont tell me the same old story again.別再跟我說那相同的老故事了。anxiety, dread, uneasiness, worry心

55、情不安，恐懼辨析anxiety指“對未來憂慮的心情，可以是對整個未來的恐懼，也可以是一種病態(tài)的焦慮”。dread指“面臨一件不可避免而又可怕的事時所感到的束手無策的恐懼”。uneasiness指“著急，焦慮，不舒適，表示確實有身體上的不適、不安，隨著憂慮和恐懼的心情同時發(fā)生”。worry指“被日?，嵤滤_而生的憂慮，用作復(fù)數(shù)時指令人煩惱的人或事”。例證1. He was waiting for his brother's return with anxiety. 他焦慮地等著兄弟歸來。2. She has a dread of hospitals.她害怕醫(yī)院。3. I waited

56、with growing uneasiness for his return.我等著他回來，心里越來越不安。4. The worry showed on her face. 她的臉上顯出焦慮的神色。ape, imitate, mock, mimic模仿辨析ape指“仿效某人的言行舉止”。imitate指“模仿、仿效、效法”。mock指“通過模仿進行嘲弄或嘲笑”。mimic指“為開玩笑而模仿”。例證1.She aped the fashions of the court ladies.她仿效宮女的樣子。2.James can imitate his teacher's speech perfectly.詹姆斯能維妙維肖地模仿他教師的言語。3 Although he failed in the maths test, it was wrong to mock his efforts.雖然他的數(shù)學(xué)沒有考及格,但是嘲笑他的努力是不對的。4 He mimicked the teacher's