大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)

1、大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)屠皓民(新浪微博：屠屠老師 / 公共微信：屠屠英語)一、段落翻譯（一）大綱要求及評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1. 段落翻譯題型描述翻譯部分測(cè)試學(xué)生把漢語所承載的信息用英語表達(dá)出來的能力，所占分值比例為15%，考試時(shí)間30分鐘。翻譯題型為段落漢譯英。翻譯內(nèi)容涉及中國的歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展等。四級(jí)長度為140-160個(gè)漢字，六級(jí)長度為180-200個(gè)漢字。 樣卷試題 剪紙(paper cutting)是中國最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。中國剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時(shí)期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境。特別是在春節(jié)和

2、婚慶期間，剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。中國剪紙?jiān)谑澜绺鞯睾苁軞g迎，經(jīng)常被用作饋贈(zèng)外國友人的禮物。Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their

3、homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chine

4、se paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.2. 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及評(píng)卷實(shí)例第一步：翻譯部分計(jì)分方式從原來的語法點(diǎn)給分變成總體評(píng)分(global scoring)，也就是閱卷者根據(jù)總體印象給出分?jǐn)?shù)檔。檔次評(píng) 分 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)13-15分譯文準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞貼切，行文流暢，基本上無語言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。10-12分譯文基本上表達(dá)了原文的意思。文字通順、連貫，無重大語言錯(cuò)誤。7-9分譯文勉強(qiáng)表達(dá)了原文的意思。

5、用詞欠準(zhǔn)確，語言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有些是嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。4-6分譯文僅表達(dá)了一小部分原文的意思。用詞不準(zhǔn)確，有相當(dāng)多的嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。1-3分譯文支離破碎。除個(gè)別詞語或句子，絕大部分文字沒有表達(dá)原文意思。0分未作答，或只有幾個(gè)孤立的詞，或譯文與原文毫不相關(guān)。 第二步：在確定分?jǐn)?shù)檔之后，閱卷員需要通過對(duì)考生翻譯中的語法、用詞以及拼寫錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行量化，然后扣分，最終決定考生的翻譯分?jǐn)?shù)。檔次評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)13-15分有2處不明顯的小錯(cuò)（冠詞、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、介詞、用詞不貼切等）15分有5處不明顯的小錯(cuò)（冠詞、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、介詞、用詞不貼切等）14分有7處不明顯的小錯(cuò)（冠詞、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、介詞、用詞不貼切等）13分10

6、-12分有一個(gè)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)句12分有3處明顯語言錯(cuò)句11分有4處明顯語言錯(cuò)誤10分7-9分5個(gè)句子正確或基本正確9分4個(gè)句子正確或基本正確8分3個(gè)句子正確或基本正確7分4-6分內(nèi)容基本表達(dá)，有兩個(gè)句子正確6分一個(gè)句子正確5分沒有一個(gè)正確句子，但有三個(gè)句子有小錯(cuò)4分1-3分內(nèi)容基本表達(dá)，但所有句子都有錯(cuò)誤和嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤少3分嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤多2分嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤極多1分0分未作答，或只有幾個(gè)孤立的詞，或譯文與原文毫不相關(guān)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“創(chuàng)作的翻譯”，不給分。0分3.評(píng)卷實(shí)例許多人喜歡中餐，在中國，烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術(shù)。精心準(zhǔn)備的中餐既可口又好看。烹飪技藝和配料在中國各地差別很大。但好的烹飪

7、都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，總是要考慮到顏色、味道、口感和營養(yǎng)（nutrition）。由于食物對(duì)健康至關(guān)重要，好的廚師總是努力在谷物、肉類和蔬菜之間取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。（二）翻譯方法與策略“拆分組合+結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化”【翻譯原文】信息技術(shù)（Information Technology），正在飛速的發(fā)展，中國公民也越來越重視信息技術(shù)，有些學(xué)校甚至將信息技術(shù)作為必修課程，對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象大家持不同觀點(diǎn)。一部分人認(rèn)為這是沒有必要的，學(xué)生就應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)傳統(tǒng)的課程。另一部分人認(rèn)為這是應(yīng)該的，中國就應(yīng)該與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。不管怎樣，信息技術(shù)引起廣大人民的重視是一件好事。第一步：拆分組合1.讀懂句意、切分?jǐn)嗑?.抓住主干、再

8、翻支干3.注意時(shí)態(tài)、巧用語態(tài)4.檢查語法、確保通順第二步：優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)1并列句2.定語從句3. 名詞性從句4. 插入語及邏輯連接【 參考譯文】 Nowadays, with the rapid development of information technology, Chinese Citizens are putting more emphasis on it. Some schools and universities even make Information Technology one of the compulsory courses. People hold diffe

9、rent views on this phenomenon. Some people deem that it is unnecessary to make Information Technology a required course in schools. Students should learn traditional curriculum. However, other people think that it should be so, and they hold the attitude that China should keep pace with the tim

10、es. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology has drawn peoples attention.（三）段落翻譯話題演練1. 基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)【練習(xí)一】目前，人類的生存環(huán)境正在遭到破壞，美麗的大自然已經(jīng)不那么美麗了。保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物，也就是保護(hù)人類自己。我強(qiáng)烈呼吁：不要再捕殺黑猩猩，不要再捕殺野生動(dòng)物了，讓我們?nèi)祟惗嘁恍┑厍蛏系呐笥?，多給我們下一代保留一些野生動(dòng)物吧! 否則，地球?qū)缭谌祟愂种?，人類將毀滅在自己手中?！緟⒖甲g文】At present, mans living environment is being ruined

11、, and beautiful nature is no longer so beautiful. Protection of wild life is protection of man himself. Therefore, I appeal strongly to stop killing the chimpanzee or any other wild animals. Only in this way can our human beings have more friends on the earth, and leave more wild life for future gen

12、erations. Otherwise, the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by man himself.【練習(xí)二】到中國來旅游觀光的人很少不會(huì)注意到中國人學(xué)習(xí)英語的勁頭。公園里有專門的英語角，人們會(huì)定期聚在一起操練。馬路上外國游客常常被學(xué)習(xí)英語的人圍住交談，從天氣到政治，無所不談。各種英語班如雨后春筍在到處出現(xiàn)?！緟⒖甲g文】Few visitors to China will fail to notice the eagerness of the Chinese to learn English. In public parks the

13、re are special English corners where learners gather at regular time to practise their spoken English. Foreign visitors are often besieged on streets by English learners who want to talk with them in English about anything from weather to politics. English classes are mushrooming across the land.【練習(xí)

14、三】過去50年其實(shí)并不是發(fā)明創(chuàng)新的黃金時(shí)期。從1900年到1950年，改變?nèi)祟惿畹陌l(fā)明有汽車、飛機(jī)、電話、收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)當(dāng)然還有核武器和計(jì)算機(jī)。而近50年來，只有為數(shù)不多的發(fā)明。難道發(fā)明的源泉已經(jīng)枯竭了嗎？答案并非如此。事實(shí)上，發(fā)明的新時(shí)代剛剛開始?！緟⒖甲g文】Actually the past fifty years was not the golden age of invention and innovation. From 1900 to 1950, human life was transformed by such invention as cars, airplanes, te

15、lephones, radios and television sets, not to mention nuclear weapons and the computer. However, during the recent 50 years only a few inventions have been made. Was the wellspring of invention drying up? Not likely. Indeed, a new age of invention is just beginning. 【練習(xí)四】有些人擔(dān)心電腦技術(shù)的廣泛使用會(huì)進(jìn)一步惡化就業(yè)形勢(shì)。但另一種

16、觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為盡管這對(duì)個(gè)人來說會(huì)丟掉飯碗，對(duì)整個(gè)社會(huì)來說由于提高了生產(chǎn)率，因而有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。不管對(duì)社會(huì)影響如何，有一點(diǎn)是肯定的：有技術(shù)的人變得越來越吃香，沒技術(shù)的人工作越來越難找?！緟⒖甲g文】Some people are worrying that the wide use of computer technology will cause further unemployment. Another argument, however, holds that although some individuals will lose their jobs, society as a whole w

17、ill benefit economically through increases in productivity. Whatever effects it will bring on the society, one thing is certain: the technically trained will become ever more valuable while the jobs for the blue-collar population will become less available.【練習(xí)五】不管是在一個(gè)公司，還是在一個(gè)政府里，重大的決定總是個(gè)人作出的，而不是集體。我

18、們需要集體的討論，因?yàn)榭梢越涣骺捶ê徒?jīng)驗(yàn)。但是集體討論不能代替?zhèn)€人的作用。理由很清楚，如要作出一個(gè)重大的決定，集體總是不能對(duì)迅速變化的事件作出同樣迅速的反應(yīng)?！緟⒖甲g文】An important decision is always made by individuals not by committees whether it involves a company or a government. We need committees because thats where people could share their opinions and experiences. But they

19、 could not replace individuals. The reason is obvious: a committee faced with a major decision cant always move as quickly as the events it is trying to respond to.【練習(xí)六】上大學(xué)給人們提供了在無邊無際的知識(shí)海洋里遨游探索的機(jī)會(huì)。為了豐富多彩的人生，大學(xué)生應(yīng)該充分利用目前讀大學(xué)的大好時(shí)光。應(yīng)該意識(shí)到上大學(xué)決不僅僅意味著得到一個(gè)學(xué)位，得到一個(gè)好的工作。他如果能多學(xué)習(xí)，不僅僅職位找一份工作，就會(huì)終生受益?！緟⒖甲g文】College pr

20、ovides a chance to explore the vast areas of unlimited knowledge. To have a rich full life a college student should make the most of the opportunities at hand. He should realize that going to college means a lot more than earning a degree and securing a good job. If he can explore beyond his immedia

21、te career objectives he will enjoy the rest of his life.【練習(xí)七】文化是不同國家的人們互相理解的最佳媒體。通過舉辦文化節(jié)，許多中國城市在世界上的知名度提高了。已經(jīng)證明，對(duì)促進(jìn)中國人民和世界其他地方人民之間的交流來說，這是最好的途徑之一。這種交流不僅僅限于文化方面，還擴(kuò)大到了經(jīng)濟(jì)和其他領(lǐng)域?！緟⒖甲g文】Culture is the best medium for people of different countries to understand each other. Through culture festivals, many ci

22、ties in China have raised their prestige in the world. As has been proven that, this is one of the best ways to promote the communication between Chinese people and the people from different parts of the world. This kind of communication is not only confined to culture, but extends to economy and ot

23、her fields.2. 強(qiáng)化練習(xí)手機(jī)，是一項(xiàng)偉大的發(fā)明。但很顯然，手機(jī)也刷新了人與人的關(guān)系。會(huì)議室門口通常貼著一條公告：請(qǐng)與會(huì)者關(guān)閉手機(jī)?？墒?，會(huì)議室里手機(jī)鈴聲仍然響成一片。我們都是普通人，并沒有多少特別重要的事情。盡管如此，我們也不會(huì)輕易關(guān)掉手機(jī)。打開手機(jī)象征著我們與這個(gè)世界的聯(lián)系。顯然，手機(jī)反映出我們的“社交饑渴癥”。(thirst for socialization)The cell phone is a great invention. But obviously, it has altered the relationship among people. There is usu

24、ally a notice on the door of the meeting room, which reads, “Please turn off your hand-set.” However, phones ring now and then when the meeting goes on. We are but ordinary people and have few urgencies to tackle with. Nevertheless, we will not switch off our phones easily. Phones-on symbolizes our

25、connecting with this world. Obviously, cell phone has been reflecting our “thirst for socialization”. 在過去20年中，世界上沒有任何一個(gè)國家的外貿(mào)發(fā)展速度像中國那么快。日本用了20多年時(shí)間才將其外貿(mào)總額翻了一番而中國卻翻了兩番。中國現(xiàn)在已是全球第三大電器生產(chǎn)國，并且正在成為全球電器市場(chǎng)上的主角。中國還是世界上勞動(dòng)密集型(labor-intensive)產(chǎn)品的主要生產(chǎn)國。Over the last two decades, no country in the world has expanded

26、 its foreign trade as fast as China. Japan took more than 20 years to double its foreign trade, while China, for the same length of time, has quadrupled its foreign trade. Already the worlds third largest producer of electric appliances, China is now playing a major role in the global market of the

27、electric wares. China has also become a major producer of labor-intensive manufactured goods in the world.長城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國卻沒去過長城，就想到了巴黎沒有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說：“不到長城非好漢?！睂?shí)際上，長城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國后才將其連城長城。然而，今天我們看到的長城東起山海關(guān)，西至嘉峪關(guān)大部分都是在明代修建的。The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the

28、world that was created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going to Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, "He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fa

29、ct, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. 中國

30、是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)。商周時(shí)期絲綢的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)就已發(fā)展到相當(dāng)高的水平。西漢時(shí)張騫通西域，把中原與波斯灣、地中海緊密聯(lián)系起來，開辟了中外交流貿(mào)易的新紀(jì)元。從此中國的絲綢以其卓越的品質(zhì)、精美的花色和豐富的文化內(nèi)涵聞名于世，成為中國文化的象征。China is the home of silk. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Chinese peoples silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty, Zhan

31、g Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, Chinas silk became well-known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and colo

32、r, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture. 中國新年是中國最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，在中國也被稱為春節(jié)。新年的慶祝活動(dòng)從除夕開始一直延續(xù)到元宵節(jié)，即農(nóng)歷最后一個(gè)月的最后一天只新年第一個(gè)月的第十五天。各地歡度春節(jié)的習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)有很大差異，但通常每個(gè)家庭都會(huì)在除夕夜團(tuán)聚，一起吃年夜飯。為驅(qū)厄運(yùn)，迎好運(yùn)，家家戶戶都會(huì)進(jìn)行大掃除。人們還會(huì)在門上粘貼紅色的對(duì)聯(lián)，對(duì)聯(lián)的主題為健康，發(fā)財(cái)和好運(yùn)。其他的活動(dòng)還有放鞭炮，探親訪友等。 Chines

33、e New Year, China's most important traditional festival in China, is also known as the Spring Festival. New Years celebration starts on New Years Eve and continues up to the Lantern Festival, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar on the 15th day of the first month of the New Year.

34、 Customs and traditions of New Years celebration vary widely, but usually every family reunites to eat dinner together on New Years Eve. To drive bad luck, and welcome good luck, every household will carry out general cleaning. People will have red couplets pasted on the door, and the themes are abo

35、ut health, wealth and good fortune. Other activities include firecrackers, and visiting friends and relatives, and so on.在中國，茶具有非常悠久的歷史，并已形成了中國茶文化。與此同時(shí)，茶有益于我們的健康，因此受到許多人的喜愛。中國茶文化博大精深，不但包括物質(zhì)文化層面，還包含深厚的精神文明層次。談到中國的茶葉，可以追溯到古時(shí)代，它是從唐代與宋代興盛起來的。從此茶的精神神滲透到了宮廷和社會(huì)，深入到中國的詩詞，繪畫，書法，宗教，醫(yī)學(xué)。幾千年來，中國積累了大量關(guān)于茶葉種植、生產(chǎn)的物質(zhì)

36、文化，而且豐富了有關(guān)茶的精神文化。In China, tea has a very long history, and Chinese tea culture has been formed. Meanwhile, the tea is good for our health, so loved by many people. Chinese tea culture is broad and profound, includes not only the material and cultural level, but also a deep spiritual level. China

37、9;s tea can be traced back to the ancient times, and experienced prosperity in Tang dynasty and the Song dynasty. Tea spirit of God has infiltrated the Palace and the community, reaching out to Chinese poetry, painting, calligraphy, religion, medicine. For thousands of years, China has accumulated a

38、 lot of material culture about tea cultivation and production, and also enriches the spiritual culture of tea.京劇是一種傳統(tǒng)的中國戲劇形式。它結(jié)合了音樂，聲樂演唱，啞劇（mime），舞蹈和雜技（acrobatics）等表現(xiàn)形式。京劇興起于18世紀(jì)晚期，并在19世紀(jì)中期前得到充分發(fā)展與認(rèn)可。這種藝術(shù)形式在清朝時(shí)的宮廷極度流行，并且逐漸被視為中國的文化瑰寶之一。這種藝術(shù)形式在臺(tái)灣也得以保存，稱作國劇。并且也流傳到諸如美國和日本等其他國家。Peking opera is a form of

39、traditional Chinese drama. It combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics. It arose in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultura

40、l treasures of China. The art form is also preserved in Taiwan, where it is known as Guoju. It has also spread to other countries such as the United States and Japan.中國是風(fēng)箏的故鄉(xiāng)。放風(fēng)箏有益于身體健康，所以，許多國家十分流行放風(fēng)箏。中國人不僅把放風(fēng)箏當(dāng)作有趣的游戲和有益于身體健康的體育活動(dòng)，也常常把風(fēng)箏作為裝飾掛在墻上。目前，中國的風(fēng)箏已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)銷到日本以及東南亞和歐美的許多國家，受到了世界各國人民的歡迎。近年來，山東濰坊每年都要

41、舉行國際風(fēng)箏節(jié)。China is the birthplace of kites. Because flying kites is beneficial to ones health, it is gaining popularity in many countries. The Chinese not only regard it as an interesting game as well as a sport helping keep fit, but also hang kites on the wall for decoration. Chinese kites, which are

42、 popular all over the world, are now available for sale in Japan, Southeast Asia and many countries in Europe and America. In recent years, the annual International Kite Festival has been held in Weifang of Shandong Province. “燈節(jié)”或者叫做“元宵節(jié)”是中國的傳統(tǒng)佳節(jié)，在每年的農(nóng)歷正月十五這一天慶祝。元宵節(jié)的到來也標(biāo)志著春節(jié)的結(jié)束。元宵節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到西漢時(shí)期。根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)

43、，在這一天，人們吃元宵，猜字謎并觀看焰火。元宵或者叫做湯圓是元宵節(jié)這一天必吃的食物。元宵這種食物實(shí)際上是甜餡“餃子”的一種，用粘糯米和甜的餡料制成。The Lantern Festival, Yuanxiao Jie, is a traditional Chinese festival, which is on the 15th of the first month of the Chinese New Year. The festival marks the end of the celebrations of the Chinese New Year. Chinese started to

44、 celebrate the Lantern Festival from the Han Dynasty. According to the tradition, people eat Yuanxiao, guess lantern riddles and watch fireworks on this day. Yuanxiao which is also called Tangyuan is the special food for the Lantern Festival. It is a kind of sweet dumpling, which is made with sticky

45、 rice flour filled with sweet stuffing.如果某人說“我喜歡中國菜”，這種說法似乎過于簡單了。其實(shí)并不存在所謂的“中國菜”這一簡單的概念。確切地說法應(yīng)該是喜歡某一種菜系，或者喜歡某一地區(qū)的中國菜。像中國這樣幅員遼闊、歷史悠久而又復(fù)雜的國家，千百年來必然會(huì)形成具有鮮明地方烹飪特色的區(qū)域性菜系或幫菜。不可避免的差異是由地理位置、氣候條件、交通狀況、人口遷移、海外文化影響等因素所決定的。If you hear someone say “I love Chinese food”, he is taking too much for granted. As a mat

46、ter of fact, there is no such simple thing as the so-called “Chinese food”. A more accurate statement in this instance should be such that expresses ones preference for a particular Chinese cuisine or a particular regional way of cooking. With a territory as large and history as long and complex as

47、Chinas, it is inevitable that distinct regional differences in cuisine have evolved over the course of centuries. Numerous factors are involved in this inevitable distinction: geography, climate, transportation, migration, influence from overseas cultures, etc.作為一種世代相襲的傳統(tǒng)，中國人就餐時(shí)圍桌而坐，人人手里都有一碗主食（stapl

48、e food），炒菜放在桌子中央，大家一起食用。這一古老的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣反映了食物在中華文明史上的重要地位；占據(jù)餐桌中心位置的是炒菜，而不是鮮花，晚餐的主要話題常常是食物。菜肴的各種色彩和材料搭配，給人以美的享受，共食一碗菜的習(xí)俗有助于家庭成員之間的團(tuán)結(jié)和友誼。當(dāng)然，在一些衛(wèi)生意識(shí)比較強(qiáng)的地方，人們?cè)诠彩撤旁诓妥乐醒氲牟穗葧r(shí)，必須使用“公筷”或“公用”湯匙，以防疾病傳染。Traditionally, everyone at the Chinese dining table has his or her own bowl of staple food, while the dishes are pla

49、ced in the middle of the dinner table to be shared by all. This age-old custom is one manifestation of the importance of food in Chinese civilization. It is the cooked dishes, rather than flowers, that serve as centerpieces on a Chinese table; food is frequently the main topic of dinner-time convers

50、ation. Variety in the color and texture of the dishes serves aesthetic ends, while the ritual of sharing the food from the same dish plates is conductive to family togetherness and friendship. In more health-conscious environments, however, only “public” chopsticks and spoons are used to remove food

51、 from the plates in the middle of the dinning-table, so as to prevent any possible spread of diseases.筷子是中餐桌上最有特色的用餐工具。全國各地的筷子大小基本一樣，而用材的種類則各有不同，選材包括竹子、木材、玉石、象牙、塑料、銀、金等。中國人使用筷子的方法很有藝術(shù)性，各人有各人的方法，就好像簽名一樣，不盡一致。中國人一般都能隨心所欲地用筷子夾起一粒米、一粒豌豆、一只滑溜溜的蘑菇或海參。對(duì)于那些用餐時(shí)只會(huì)使用刀叉的西方人來說，掌握用筷的方法和技巧開始時(shí)難度也許很大，也很有趣，需要很大的耐心，需要

52、用心練習(xí)。Chopsticks, or kuaizi, are the most distinctive eating tool at the Chinese dining table. Chopsticks, which are roughly uniform in size throughout China, can be made of a variety of materials, including bamboo, wood, jade, ivory, plastic, silver and gold. The way Chinese handle our chopsticks is

53、 quite artistic and varied from person to person like one's signature. An average Chinese can very easily pick up a single tiny grain of rice, or a tiny piece of peas, or a slippery mushroom or sea cucumber. For those Westerners who use only forks and knives for their meals, the mastery of the m

54、ethod and skills for using chopsticks may be quite challenging, and amusing, at the beginning. A lot of patience and concentrated practice is required. This is not only very necessary and but also very rewarding if they wish to enjoy a real Chinese dinner.北京是座有三千年歷史的古城。早在公元前十一世紀(jì)，北京就是燕國的國都，因此北京有燕京之稱。

55、在以后的幾千年里，北京又成為金、元、明、清各朝的國都。北京是中國的六大古都之一，其他五個(gè)是西安、南京、洛陽、開封和杭州。北京是座既古老又年輕的城市，有許多名勝古跡。從故宮、天壇到頤和園，你們可以看到北京保留了許多昔日的風(fēng)采。Beijing is an ancient city with a history of 3,000 years. As early as the 11th century, B.C., it was the capital of the Kingdom of Yan; that's why Beijing is also known as Yanjing. In

56、the few thousand years afterwards, Beijing again served as the capital for the Jin,Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Beijing is one of China's six ancient capitals; the other five are Xian，Nanjing, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Hangzhou. Beijing is a city both old and young, with many places of historical

57、 interest and scenic beauty. From the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, and the Summer Palace, you can see that Beijing has retained a lot of color of old Chinese life. 現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)壓力相當(dāng)重。除了大四，他們開始找工作了，其余的學(xué)生總是忙于學(xué)習(xí)，而不愿參加校園團(tuán)體和俱樂部，不愿參加體育鍛煉和其他課外活動(dòng)，不愿與他們的朋友玩玩，不愿關(guān)心和學(xué)習(xí)沒有關(guān)系的事?？傊?，他們就像一個(gè)機(jī)器人。壓力大，時(shí)間少，功課多?？吹酵瑢嬍依锏?/p>

58、人都上圖書館去學(xué)習(xí)，到深夜閉館才回，而自己卻去看電影，他們就會(huì)有一種內(nèi)疚感。一想到白天什么事都沒干，心里就感到不安，會(huì)整夜因此睡不著覺。他們學(xué)習(xí)太緊張，幾乎沒有時(shí)間好好品嘗生活，干些其他事，成為一個(gè)全面發(fā)展的人。讀大學(xué)使他們失去太多的個(gè)人幸福和健康。College students now bear heavy academic pressure. You will find themexcept seniors who are beginning to look for a jobalways too busy in studies to join campus organizations, too busy to take part in sports and other extracurricular activities, too busy to share the interests of thei