高考英語突破書面表達(dá)基礎(chǔ)講與練

1、09高考英語突破書面表達(dá)基礎(chǔ)講與練(四)Part A 寫作基本理論4 提高書面表達(dá)的檔次，爭(zhēng)取得高分甚至滿分學(xué)會(huì)使用較高級(jí)的詞匯詞匯反映你知識(shí)貯存量的多少，也是衡量英語水平的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志。從評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可知，運(yùn)用高級(jí)的詞匯對(duì)提高書面表達(dá)的分?jǐn)?shù)至關(guān)重要。大家先來看下面這些句子：Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable., our journey was comfortable.We all think he is a great man.Suddenly I thought out a good idea. .The stud

2、ents there neednt pay for their books.As a result the plan was a failure.When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow., she went pale with sorrow.She went to Austria in order to study music.She went to Austria.When he spoke, he felt more and more excited.In our school, there are twentysix c

3、lassrooms.You can find my house easily.學(xué)會(huì)使用較豐富的句式在整篇文章中，避免只使用一兩個(gè)句型，要靈活運(yùn)用各種語法結(jié)構(gòu)，運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)木渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可以給文章增色不少，從而使整篇文章因此而生輝。例如：When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名詞性從句）Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. (使用倒裝句)He did not know what had h

4、appened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 .It was .not until) I passed the physics exam because of your help.（使用虛擬語氣）She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (用過去分詞)They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式)I wont believe what he says. （使用狀語從句）I

5、f you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （使用并列句）He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒裝句)學(xué)會(huì)使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞使用恰當(dāng)連接詞，對(duì)寫出一篇有“英語味”的文章很重要，能使整篇文章上下銜接自然、緊湊，使文章有一定的流暢性，以使文章層次清晰，行文連貫。下面表格中是寫作中經(jīng)常用到的一些連接詞。邏輯角度合適的過渡性詞匯時(shí)間順序first, second, then, finally/at last, immediately, suddenly

6、, soon空間順序here, there, on one sideon the other side, in front of, at the back of, next to對(duì)稱順序for one thing, for another thing, on one hand, on the other hand轉(zhuǎn)折順序but, however, while, though, otherwise因果順序because, since, as, thanks to, as a result (of)條件順序as long as, so long as, on condition that, if,

7、 unless讓步順序though, as, even if/though, whether, who(what, when, where)-ever遞進(jìn)順序whats more, besides, to make the matter worse, whats worse過渡性插入語I think, Im afraid, you know, As we all know例如：On one side of the road there is a new classroom building. On the other side, where the playground used to be

8、now stands another new buildingour library. (NMET99范文)As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.(NMET01范文)Whats more, I can go to bed earlier. (NMET01范文)Part B 寫作必備素材 人物寫照、生平事跡Ø He was from a poor peasants family.Ø He is about 1.72 meters in heightØ By t

9、he age of 14, he had taught himself advanced mathematics.Ø She is already in her fifties, but she looks younger for her age. Ø He is short and thin with a pair of thick glasses.Ø She is tall and slim with big dark eyes and black hair.Ø My English teacher, Miss Zhang, is a middle-

10、aged woman.Ø She often helps those who have difficulty in doing their homework.Ø With her help, I have caught up with my classmates.Ø At the age of eight he became a member of the diving team in Guangdong Province. A few years later, he won a gold medal at the 11th Asian Games and bec

11、ame a world Champion.Ø He has his own way of teaching.Ø He has much knowledge and good at teaching.Ø All these years he has been working hard.Ø Many times he has been praised for his excellent work.Ø He gets on very well with us students.Ø He is not only our good teache

12、r but also our good friend.Ø He is honest and always ready to help others. Thats why we made him monitor.Ø We all considered her pronunciation to be the best of all.Ø He is a worthy person for us to learn from.Ø He graduated from Qinghua University in 1982.Ø An American comp

13、any wanted to employ him with high pay, but he refused.Ø He received a doctors degree in 1988.Ø He is strict with us and careful in his work.Ø He won the first prize in the physics contest.Ø He devoted all his life to education.Ø He is loved and respected by us all.Ø Sh

14、e is considered as one of the best teachers year by year.Ø With his help, we have made great progress in our studies.Ø He will always be remembered as a great leader, a wise and warm-hearted man.Ø He is regarded as a fighter by most of the people in the world.Ø Miss Zhang is such

15、 a good teacher that we all love her very much.Ø Such was Elbert Einstein, a man of great achievements. 近年來高考英語書面表達(dá)中的難句第四節(jié)：介詞短語表達(dá)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)1. At the party we can enjoy some wonderful programs, such as singing, dancing and short plays.2. At the evening the Whites and their daughter will give us some

16、wonderful performances.   3. At the meeting Mary will tell us how she can manage to learn mathematics so well.4. During the discussion, everyone can express himself freely about what he is interested in.5. During the visit you will see great changes having taken place in the past five years.6.

17、During your stay, youll be shown around the school library, the school computer rooms and the school dining-hall.7. In class everyone is only allowed to express himself in English instead of his mother tongue. 8. During your tour the guide will tell you something wonderful about how this tower came

18、into being.9. During your visit the headmaster will tell you something about the rapid development of our school in the past ten years. 10. At the party Liu Ying will perform Liang Zhu, a famous Chinese song by playing the Chinese violin.11. At the meeting the headmaster made a speech, singing high

19、praise for Li Mings unselfish fine quality and he called on us to learn from her noble spirit. Part C 09年高考寫作基本功訓(xùn)練(詞組部分)151. 搜查 152. 嚎啕大哭 153. 自帶午餐154. 收集事實(shí)/資金 155. 合著音樂唱歌/跳舞156. 在紅綠燈處轉(zhuǎn)彎157. 把某事留給某人 158. 感到寂寞 159. 在取得進(jìn)步160. 達(dá)到目的161. 走100里路 162. 編造謊言163. 使勁敲打164. 敲門 165. 在有難處166. 帶某人參觀167. 牽手168. 彎腰1

20、69. 坐/站直170. 驅(qū)散人群171. 享有同等的權(quán)力172. 做是對(duì)/錯(cuò)的173. 把綁在上174. 鋪開一張紙175. 傳開176. 熱淚盈眶177. 參加考試178. 通知某人某事179. 提醒某人某事180. 搶劫某人某物181. 安排某人做某事182. 組成183. 請(qǐng)三天假184. 放鞭炮185. 踩剎車186. 量體溫187. 把脈188. 追尾189. 在大量訓(xùn)練190. 為集體爭(zhēng)光191. 以某人為榜樣192. 給某人樹立榜樣193. 以為例194. 一天喝3次藥195. 對(duì)某人鞠躬196. 頭/腿/肚子疼197. 對(duì)某事有濃厚興趣198. 保暖199. 保持傳統(tǒng)200.

21、 祖?zhèn)?9年高考寫作基本功訓(xùn)練(句子漢譯英部分)一句多譯體驗(yàn)1. 在他的幫助下，我終于完成了這項(xiàng)工作。2. 我花了50塊錢買這本字典。3. 我會(huì)盡我所能去幫助他。4. He sat there, _（手里拿著書）。5. 走在大街上，他遇見了一個(gè)老朋友. 6. _（從天空中看），the city looks beautiful.7. 由于不知道他的電話，他無法與Tom取得聯(lián)系。8. Rewrite the following sentences.There is a girl. She is sitting between us. .This is a book. The book was bo

22、ught yesterday.They went for a walk on the street. They saw the old man. He was knocked down by a car. The car was passing by.1.Part D 書面表達(dá)周周練EX. 1 : 聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織某考察團(tuán)正在我國(guó)某鄉(xiāng)村參觀考察。假定你是接待人員，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列提示以發(fā)言稿的形式簡(jiǎn)要介紹這個(gè)村的情況：1） 大?。航?00戶人家，約500口人。2） 變化：過去很窮，78年后變化很大。人們生活比以前好多了。現(xiàn)已舊貌換新顏。3） 教育：原來的學(xué)校很小，現(xiàn)已經(jīng)過改建。新建的教學(xué)樓有4層，是

23、村里最美的建筑物。村所有學(xué)齡兒童在此免費(fèi)就讀。注意：（1）要點(diǎn)齊全，前后連貫。（2）詞數(shù)：100120之間。EX. 2 : 請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下列表格的內(nèi)容，闡述一下你對(duì)減少城市人口的看法。建議項(xiàng)具體措施目 的1A 晚婚B 一對(duì)夫婦一個(gè)孩子減少人口自然增長(zhǎng)（人口出生率）2嚴(yán)格控制外地人進(jìn)城務(wù)工經(jīng)商減輕外地人口對(duì)城市的壓力3A 在郊區(qū)，建造生活、商業(yè)、文教、衛(wèi)生、娛樂休閑生活小區(qū)B 在城市的縣里建造衛(wèi)星城吸引城市居民到郊區(qū)和衛(wèi)星城工作和生活。參考答案:1. 如何提高書面表達(dá)的檔次，爭(zhēng)取得高分甚至滿分？不少同學(xué)們可能很不理解：考試時(shí)，寫出的書面表達(dá)要點(diǎn)齊全，表達(dá)也正確，可就是不知道為什么打不上高分。是啊，為

24、什么呢？今天，我們就來研究如何解決這個(gè)問題。首先讓我們來看近年來全國(guó)高考英語書面表達(dá)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：第五檔（很好）：“覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容；應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯；語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致；應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊；達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。”可見，高考書面表達(dá)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在語言的運(yùn)用上對(duì)考生提出了更高的要求。也就是說在考查考生語言準(zhǔn)確性的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)了用詞的得體性、表達(dá)方式的多樣性。如果同學(xué)們僅運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)的詞匯和基本的句型，不能體現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的語言運(yùn)用能力，即使要點(diǎn)齊全，表達(dá)沒有語法錯(cuò)誤，也不能給人一種含金量高的審美享受，因此很難在考試的評(píng)分

25、中得到較高檔次。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)給我們傳遞了另外一個(gè)信息，如果有意識(shí)地使用較高級(jí)詞匯或復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，即使有些錯(cuò)誤，也不扣分，仍屬于最高檔次。因此要使一個(gè)平淡的文章變得豐富起來，從而提高書面表達(dá)的檔次。我認(rèn)為同學(xué)們應(yīng)著力于從以下三個(gè)方面來增強(qiáng)書面表達(dá)的效果。學(xué)會(huì)使用較高級(jí)的詞匯詞匯反映你知識(shí)貯存量的多少，也是衡量英語水平的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志。從評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可知，運(yùn)用高級(jí)的詞匯對(duì)提高書面表達(dá)的分?jǐn)?shù)至關(guān)重要。大家先來看下面這些句子：Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.Thanks to the good weather, our journe

26、y was comfortable.We all think he is a great man.think highly of him.Suddenly I thought out a good idea. came upon A good idea occurred to me. /A good idea suddenly struck me.The students there neednt pay for their books.Books are free for the students there.As a result the plan was a failure.The pl

27、an turned out (to be) a failure.When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow.At the news of his death, she went pale with sorrow.She went to Austria in order to study music.She went to Austria for/with the purpose of studying music.When he spoke, he felt more and more excited.The more he sp

28、oke, the more excited he felt.In our school, there are twentysix classrooms.Our school is made up of twentysix classrooms./Twentysix classrooms make up our school.You can find my house easily.Youll have no trouble/difficulty finding my house.學(xué)會(huì)使用較豐富的句式在整篇文章中，避免只使用一兩個(gè)句型，要靈活運(yùn)用各種語法結(jié)構(gòu)，運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)木渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可以給文章增色不少

29、，從而使整篇文章因此而生輝。例如：When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）On his arriving/ arrival, please give me an e-mail.To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名詞性從句）What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(That the littler girl knows so many things surprise

30、s him.It surprises him that the littler girl knows so many things .)Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. (使用倒裝句)Weak as I am, Ill make the effort.He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 .It was .not until) It was not until he had read the news in the new

31、spaper that he knew what had happened.Not until he had read the news in the newspaper did he know what had happened. I passed the physics exam because of your help.（使用虛擬語氣）I could not have passed the physics exam but for your help.If you had not helped me, I could not have passed the physics exam.Sh

32、e walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (用過去分詞)Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式)Singing and laughing, they went back to school.I wont believe what he says. （使用狀語從句）No matter what he says, I wont believe

33、.If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （使用并列句）Study hard and youll make rapid progress.He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒裝句)No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.學(xué)會(huì)使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞使用恰當(dāng)連接詞，對(duì)寫出一篇有“英語味”的文章很重要，能使整篇文章上下銜接自然、緊湊，使文章有一定的流暢性，以使文

34、章層次清晰，行文連貫。下面表格中是寫作中經(jīng)常用到的一些連接詞。2.翻譯12151. search for sth/sb152. cry ones eyes out153. bring/take along lunch by oneself154. collect facts/money155. dance/sing songs to the music156. make a turn at the traffic lights 157. leave sth to sb158. feel lonely159. make great progress in 160. achieve the goa

35、l161. cover/walk/ do 100 miles162. make up lies163. strike sth/sb heavily164. knock at the door/ a knock on the door165. have trouble/difficult in sth/ doing sth166. show sb around 167. hold to ones hand168. bend ones body169. seat oneself straight/ stand straight170. break up the crowds171. enjoy t

36、he equal rights172. be wrong/right in doing sth/ sth173. tie sth to / fasten sth to174. spread a piece of paper/ a newspaper 175. get around/ spread176. burst into tears/laughter177. take the examination178. inform sb of sth179. remind sb of sth180. rob sb of sth181. arrange for sb to do sth182. mak

37、e up/consist of/be made up of183. ask for three days leave184. set off firecrackers185. step on the brake186. take ones temperature187. feel ones pulse188. knock into the truck/car189. have a great deal of practice in 190. win great honor for ones class191. take sb as a model192. set sb a good examp

38、le193. take sth as an example194. take the medicine three times a day195. make a deep bow to sb196. have a terrible pain in the leg/head/arm/stomach197. take / show great interest in198. keep warm/ keep sb warm199. keep up the tradition / friendship200. pass sth down (on) from generation to generati

39、on句子一句多譯: Because of /With/For his help, I finished the work at last.因?yàn)?as a result of; due to/owing to/thanks to spend on/in; It costs/takes/pay for/charge sb. For I will try/do my best to help him.Do everything I can/do all that I can/ do whatever I can /do as much as possible 依據(jù)要點(diǎn)，草擬提綱，將所需要的語言材料準(zhǔn)

40、備好?？梢灾涣谐鲋饕脑~、詞組、短語及句型。暫不考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、單數(shù)第三人稱等詞形變化。100 families and 500 people/used to be very poor/ change a lot/ richer than before/ take on a new lookwas very small/ have been rebuiltnewly-built/have 4 storeys/ most beautiful buildingschool-age children/ enjoy free education擴(kuò)展成句，連句成篇。本文為一篇發(fā)言稿，其格式與口頭通

41、知大體相同。因此，短文應(yīng)有稱呼、開場(chǎng)及結(jié)束語。既然介紹的是小村，所使用的人稱應(yīng)為it.應(yīng)注意時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的正確運(yùn)用，并適當(dāng)使用一些連接成分將所列的語句連成完整的語篇。全文應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，前后連貫。Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to our village! This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor.It has changed a lot since 1978 . People here are richer th

42、an before. Now it is taking on a new look.In the past, the school here was very small. Now it has been rebuilt. The newly built teaching buildinghas 4 storeys and it is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age children can study here.They enjoy free education in it.Thank you.大家

43、看，這篇書面表達(dá)要點(diǎn)齊全，表達(dá)也沒語法錯(cuò)誤，但語言平淡，表達(dá)方式單一，邏輯性也差，因此很難在考試的評(píng)分中得到較高檔次。如果使用一些恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，并盡量使用較高級(jí)的詞匯和較復(fù)雜的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)平淡的文章就會(huì)有很大改觀，甚至?xí)兊酶省adies and gentlemen,Welcome to our village! This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. However, it has changed a lo

44、t since 1978 and has been developing very fast. People here have/live a much better life than before . Now it is taking on a new look.In the past, the school here was very smalland most children couldnt afford to go to school.But now it has been rebuiltand the newly built teaching building which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the village. All the school-age children can study here. Whats more/Also, they