巖土工程專業(yè)詞匯

1、一.綜合類geO,blogl.geotechnicalengineering巖土工程2.foundationengineering基礎(chǔ)工程3.soil,earth土4.soilmechanics土力學(xué)cyclicloading周期荷載unloading卸載reloading再力口載viscoelasticfoundation粘彈性地基viscousdamping粘滯阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量5.soildynamics土動力學(xué)6.stresspath應(yīng)力路徑7.numericalgeotechanics數(shù)值巖土力學(xué)二.土的分類1 .residualsoil殘積±ground

2、waterlevel地下水位2 .groundwater地下水groundwatertable地下水位3 .clayminerals粘土礦物4 .secondaryminerals次生礦物1.1 andslides滑坡6 .boreholecolumnarsection鉆孑L柱狀圖7 .engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地質(zhì)勘察8 .boulder漂石9 .cobble卵石10 .gravel砂石11 .gravellysand礫砂12 .coarsesand粗砂13 .mediumsand中砂14 .finesand細(xì)砂15 .siltysand粉土16.c

3、layeysoil粘性土17.clay粘土18.siltyclay粉質(zhì)粘土19.silt粉土20.sandysilt砂質(zhì)粉土21 .clayeysilt粘質(zhì)粉土22 .saturatedsoil飽和土23.unsaturatedsoil非飽和土24.fill(soil)填土25.overconsolidatedsoil超固結(jié)土26 .normallyconsolidatedsoil正常固結(jié)土27 .underconsolidatedsoil欠固結(jié)土28 .zonalsoil區(qū)域性土29 .softclay軟粘土30.expansive(swelling)soil膨脹土31.peat泥炭32.l

4、oess黃土33.frozensoil凍土三.土的基本物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)1 .cccompressionindex2 .cuundrainedshearstrength3 .cu/p0ratioofundrainedstrengthcutoeffectiveoverburdenstressp0(cu/p0)NC,(cu/p0)ocsubscriptsNCandOCdesignatednormallyconsolidatedandoverconsolidated,respectively4 .cvanecohesivestrengthfromvanetest5 .e0naturalvoidratio1

5、.1 pplasticityindex7 .K0coefficientof-rest“盲tpressure,fortotalstresses11and228 .K0'domainforeffectivestresses0-1'and(t2'9 .K0nK0fornormallyconsolidatedstate10 .K0uK0coefficientunderrapidcontinuousloading,simulatinginstantaneousloadingoranundrainedcondition11 .K0dK0coefficientundercyclicl

6、oading(frequencylessthan1Hz),asapseudo-dynamictestforK0coefficient12 .kh,kvpermeabilityinhorizontalandverticaldirections,respectively13 .Nblowcount,standardpenetrationtest14 .OCRover-consolidationratio15 .pcpreconsolidationpressure,fromoedemetertest16 .p0effectiveoverburdenpressure17 .psspecificcone

7、penetrationresistance,fromstaticconetest18 .quunconfinedcompressivestrength19 .U,Umdegreeofconsolidation,subscriptmdenotesmeanvalueofaspecimen20 .u,ub,umpore(water)pressure,subscriptsbandmdenotebottomofspecimenandmeanvalue,respectively21 .w0wLwpnaturalwatercontent,liquidandplasticlimits,respectively

8、22 .11,22principalstresses,11'and22'denoteeffectiveprincipalstresses23 .Atterberglimits阿太堡界限24 .degreeofsaturation飽和度25 .dryunitweight干重度26 .moistunitweight濕重度27 .saturatedunitweight飽和重度28 .effectiveunitweight有效重度29 .density密度30 .compactness密實度31 .maximumdrydensity最大干密度32 .optimumwaterconten

9、t最優(yōu)含水量33.threephasediagram三相圖34.tri-phasesoil三相土35.soilfraction粒組36.sieveanalysis篩分37 .hydrometeranalysis比重計分析38 .uniformitycoefficient不均勻系數(shù)39 .coefficientofgradation級配系數(shù)40 .fine-grainedsoil(siltyandclayey)2田粒土41 .coarse-grainedsoil(gravellyandsandy)粗粒土42 .Unifiedsoilclassificationsystem±的統(tǒng)一分類系

10、統(tǒng)43 .ASCE=AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineer美國土木工程師學(xué)會44 .AASHTO=AmericanAssociationStateHighwayOfficials美國州公路官員協(xié)會45.ISSMGE=InternationalSocietyforSoilMechanicsandGeotechnicalEngineering國際土力學(xué)與巖土工程學(xué)會四.滲透性和滲流1 .Darcy'slaw達(dá)西定律2 .piping管涌3 .flowingsoil流土4 .sandboiling砂沸5 .flownet流網(wǎng)6 .seepage滲透(流)1.1 eaka

11、ge滲流1.5 eepagepressure滲透壓力9 .permeability滲透性10 .seepageforce滲透力11 .hydraulicgradient水力梯度12 .coefficientofpermeability滲透系數(shù)五.地基應(yīng)力和變形1.softsoil軟土2 .(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入樁(負(fù))摩阻力3 .effectivestress有效應(yīng)力4 .totalstress總應(yīng)力5 .fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪強度6 .lowactivity低活性7 .sensitivity靈敏度8 .tria

12、xialtest三軸試驗9 .foundationdesign基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計10 .recompaction再壓縮11 .bearingcapacity承載力12.soilmass±體13 .contactstress（pressure廢觸應(yīng)力（壓力）14 .concentratedload集中荷載15 .asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半無限彈性體16 .homogeneous均質(zhì)17 .isotropic各向同性18 .stripfooting條基19 .squarespreadfooting方形獨立基礎(chǔ)20.underlyingsoil（stratum,strat

13、a）下臥層（土）21.deadload=sustained10ad恒載持續(xù)荷載22.liveload活載23.short-termtransientload短期瞬時荷載24.long-termtransientload長期荷載25 .reducedload折算荷載26 .settlement沉降27 .deformation變形28 .casing套管29 .dike=dyke堤（防）30 .clayfraction粘粒粒組31 .physicalproperties物理性質(zhì)32 .subgrade路基33 .well-gradedsoil級配良好土34 .poorly-gradedsoil級

14、配不良土35 .normalstresses正應(yīng)力36 .shearstresse則應(yīng)力37 .principalplane主平面38 .major（intermediate,minor）principalstress最大（中、最?。┲鲬?yīng)力39 .Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition摩爾-庫侖破壞條件40 .FEM=finiteelementmethod有限元法41 .limitequilibriummethod極限平衡法42 .porewaterpressure孔隙水壓力43 .preconsolidationpressure先期固結(jié)壓力44 .modulusofcomp

15、ressibility壓縮模量45 .coefficentofcompressibility壓縮系數(shù)46 .compressionindex壓縮指數(shù)47 .swellingindex回彈指數(shù)48 .geostaticstress自重應(yīng)力49 .additionalstress附加應(yīng)力50 .totalstress總應(yīng)力51 .finalsettlement最終沉降52 .slipline滑動線六.基坑開挖與降水1 excavation開挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failureoffoundation基坑失穩(wěn)4 bracingoffoundationpit基坑圍護(hù)5 bo

16、ttomheave=basalheave（基坑）底隆起6 retainingwall擋土墻7 pore-pressuredistribution孔壓分布8 dewateringmethod降低地下水位法9 wellpointsystem井點系統(tǒng)（輕型）10 deepwellpoint深井點11 vacuumwellpoint真空井點12 bracedcuts支撐圍護(hù)13 bracedexcavation支撐開挖14 bracedsheeting支撐擋板七.深基礎(chǔ)-deepfoundation1 .pilefoundation樁基礎(chǔ)1）cast-in-place灌注樁divingcastingc

17、ast-in-placepile沉管灌注樁boredpile鉆孔樁special-shapedcast-in-placepile機控異型灌注樁pilessetintorock嵌巖灌注樁rammedbulbpile夯擴(kuò)樁2）belledpierfoundation鉆孔墩基礎(chǔ)drilled-pierfoundation鉆孔擴(kuò)底墩under-reamedboredpier3）precastconcretepile預(yù)制混凝土樁4）steelpile鋼樁steelpipepile鋼管樁steelsheetpile鋼板樁5）prestressedconcretepile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土樁prestressed

18、concretepipepile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土管樁2 .caissonfoundation沉井（箱）3 .diaphragmwall地下連續(xù)墻截水墻4 .frictionpile摩擦樁5 .end-bearingpile端承樁6 .shaft豎井；樁身7 .waveequationanalysis波動方程分析8 .pilecaps承臺（樁帽）9 .bearingcapacityofsinglepile單樁承載力1.1 lateralpileloadtest單樁橫向載荷試驗11 .ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile單樁橫向極限承載力12 .staticloa

19、dtestofpile單樁豎向靜荷載試驗13 .verticalallowableloadcapacity單樁豎向容許承載力14 .lowpilecap低樁承臺15.high-risepilecap高樁承臺16.verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile單樁抗拔極限承載力17.silentpiling靜力壓樁18 .upliftpile抗拔樁19 .anti-slidepile抗滑樁20 .pilegroups群樁21 .efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群樁效率系數(shù)(刀)22 .efficiencyofpilegroups群

20、樁效應(yīng)23 .dynamicpiletesting樁基動測技術(shù)24 .finalset最后貫入度25 .dynamicloadtestofpile樁動荷載試驗26 .pileintegritytest樁的完整性試驗27 .pilehead=butt樁頭28 .piletip=pilepoint=piletoe樁端(頭)29 .pilespacing樁品巨30 .pileplan樁位布置圖31 .arrangementofpiles=pilelayout樁的布置32 .groupaction群樁作用33 .endbearing=tipresistance樁端阻34 .skin(side)fric

21、tion=shaftresistance樁側(cè)阻35 .pilecushion樁墊36 .piledriving(byvibration)(振動)打樁37 .pilepullingtest拔樁試驗38 .pileshoe樁靴39 .pilenoise打樁噪音40 .pilerig打樁機八.地基處理-groundtreatment1 .technicalcodeforgroundtreatmentofbuilding建筑地基處理技術(shù)規(guī)范2 .cushion墊層法3 .preloading預(yù)壓法4 .dynamiccompaction強夯法5 .dynamiccompactionreplacemen

22、t強夯置換法6 .vibroflotationmethod振沖法7 .sand-gravelpile砂石樁8 .gravelpile(stonecolumn)碎石樁9 .cement-flyash-gravelpile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石樁10 .cementmixingmethod水泥土攪拌樁11 .cementcolumn水泥樁12 .limepile(limecolumn)石灰樁13.jetgrouting高壓噴射注漿法14.rammed-cement-soilpile夯實水泥土樁法15.lime-soilcompactionpile灰土擠密樁lime-soilcompactedco

23、lumn灰土擠密樁limesoilpile灰土擠密樁16.chemicalstabilization化學(xué)加固法17.surfacecompaction表層壓實法18.surchargepreloading超載預(yù)壓法19 .vacuumpreloading真空預(yù)壓法20 .sandwick袋裝砂井21 .geofabric,geotextile土工織物22 .compositefoundation復(fù)合地基23 .reinforcementmethod力口筋法24 .dewateringmethod降低地下水固結(jié)法25 .freezingandheating冷熱處理法26 .expansivegr

24、oundtreatment膨脹土地基處理27 .groundtreatmentinmountainarea山區(qū)地基處理28 .collapsibleloesstreatment濕陷性黃土地基處理29 .artificialfoundation人工地基30 .naturalfoundation天然地基31 .pillow褥墊32 .softclayground軟土地基33 .sanddrain砂井34 .rootpile樹根樁35 .plasticdrain塑料排水帶36 .replacementratio(復(fù)合地基)置換率九.固結(jié)consolidation1.Terzzaghi'sco

25、nsolidationtheory太沙基固結(jié)理論2.Barraon'sconsolidationtheory巴隆固結(jié)理論3.Biot'sconsolidationtheory比奧固結(jié)理論4.overconsolidationration(OCR)超固結(jié)比5.overconsolidationsoil超固結(jié)土6.excessporewaterpressure超孔壓力7.multi-dimensionalconsolidation多維固結(jié)8.one-dimensionalconsolidation一維固結(jié)9 .primaryconsolidation主固結(jié)10 .secondary

26、consolidation次固結(jié)11 .degreeofconsolidation固結(jié)度12 .consolidationtest固結(jié)試驗13 .consolidationcurve固結(jié)曲線14 .timefactorTv時間因子15 .coefficientofconsolidation固結(jié)系數(shù)16 .preconsolidationpressure前期固結(jié)壓力17 .principleofeffectivestress18 .consolidationunderK0conditionK0固結(jié)十.抗剪強度shearstrength1 .undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪強

27、度2 .residualstrength殘余強度3 .long-termstrength長期強度4 .peakstrength峰值強度5 .shearstrainrate剪切應(yīng)變速率6 .dilatation剪脹7 .effectivestressapproachofshearstrength剪脹抗剪強度有效應(yīng)力法8 .totalstressapproachofshearstrength抗剪強度總應(yīng)力法9 .Mohr-Coulombtheory莫爾庫侖理論10 .angleofinternalfriction內(nèi)摩擦角“cohesion粘聚力12 .failurecriterion破壞準(zhǔn)則13

28、.vanestrength十字板抗剪強度14 .unconfinedcompression無側(cè)限抗壓強度15 .effectivestressfailureenvelop有效應(yīng)力破壞包線16 .effectivestressstrengthparameter有效應(yīng)力強度參數(shù)H.本構(gòu)模型-constitutivemodel1 .elasticmodel彈性模型2 .nonlinearelasticmodel非線性彈性模型3 .elastoplasticmodel彈塑性模型4 .viscoelasticmodel粘彈性模型5 .boundarysurfacemodel邊界面模型6 .Duncan-

29、Changmodel鄧肯張模型7 .rigidplasticmodel剛塑性模型8 .capmodel蓋帽模型9 .worksoftening加工軟化10 .workhardening力口工硬化"Cambridgemodel僉U橋模型1.1 idealelastoplasticmodel理想彈塑性模型13 .Mohr-Coulombyieldcriterion莫爾庫侖屈服準(zhǔn)則14 .yieldsurface屈服面15 .elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel彈性半空間地基模型16 .elasticmodulus彈性模量17 .Winklerfoundatio

30、nmodel文克爾地基模型十二.地基承載力-bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil1 .punchingshearfailure沖剪破壞2 .generalshearfailure整體剪切破化3 .localshearfailure局部剪切破壞4 .stateoflimitequilibrium極限平衡狀態(tài)5 .criticaledgepressure臨塑荷載6 .stabilityoffoundationsoil地基穩(wěn)定性7 .ultimatebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基極限承載力8 .allowablebearingcapaci

31、tyoffoundationsoil地基容許承載力十三.土壓力-earthpressure1 .activeearthpressure主動土壓力2 .passiveearthpressure被動土壓力3 .earthpressureatrest靜止土壓力4 .Coulomb'searthpressuretheory庫侖土壓力理論5 .Rankine'searthpressuretheory朗金土壓力理論十四.土坡穩(wěn)定分析-slopestabilityanalysis1.angleofrepose休止角2.Bishopmethod畢肖普法3.safetyfactorofslope

32、邊坡穩(wěn)定安全系數(shù)4.Felleniusmethodofslices費紐倫斯條分法5.Swedishcirclemethod瑞典圓弧滑動法6.slicesmethod條分法十五.擋土墻-retainingwall1.stabilityofretainingwall擋土墻穩(wěn)定性2 .foundationwall基礎(chǔ)墻3 .counterretainingwall扶壁式擋土墻4 .cantileverretainingwall懸臂式擋土墻5 .cantileversheetpilewall懸臂式板樁墻6 .gravityretainingwall重力式擋土墻7 .anchoredplateretai

33、ningwall錨定板擋土墻8 .anchoredsheetpilewall錨定板板樁墻十六.板樁結(jié)構(gòu)物-sheetpilestructure9 .steelsheetpile鋼板樁2 .reinforcedconcretesheetpile鋼筋混凝土板樁3 .steelpiles鋼樁4 .woodensheetpile木板樁5 .timberpiles木樁七.深基礎(chǔ)-deepfoundation1 .pilefoundation樁基礎(chǔ)1)cast-in-place灌注樁divingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管灌注樁boredpile鉆孔樁special-shapedc

34、ast-in-placepile機控異型灌注樁pilessetintorock嵌巖灌注樁rammedbulbpile夯擴(kuò)樁2）belledpierfoundation鉆孔墩基礎(chǔ)drilled-pierfoundation鉆孔擴(kuò)底墩under-reamedboredpier3）precastconcretepile預(yù)制混凝土樁4）steelpile鋼樁steelpipepile鋼管樁steelsheetpile鋼板樁5）prestressedconcretepile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土樁prestressedconcretepipepile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土管樁2 .caissonfoundation沉井（箱

35、）3 .diaphragmwall地下連續(xù)墻截水墻4 .frictionpile摩擦樁5 .end-bearingpile端承樁6 .shaft豎井；樁身7 .waveequationanalysis波動方程分析8 .pilecaps承臺（樁帽）9 .bearingcapacityofsinglepile單樁承載力1.1 lateralpileloadtest單樁橫向載荷試驗11 .ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile單樁橫向極限承載力12 .staticloadtestofpile單樁豎向靜荷載試驗13 .verticalallowableloadcap

36、acity單樁豎向容許承載力14 .lowpilecap低樁承臺15.high-risepilecap高樁承臺16.verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile單樁抗拔極限承載力17.silentpiling靜力壓樁18 .upliftpile抗拔樁19 .anti-slidepile抗滑樁20 .pilegroups群樁21 .efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群樁效率系數(shù)（刀）22 .efficiencyofpilegroups群樁效應(yīng)23 .dynamicpiletesting樁基動測技術(shù)24 .finalset最后貫入度

37、25 .dynamicloadtestofpile樁動荷載試驗26 .pileintegritytest樁的完整性試驗27 .pilehead=butt樁頭28 .piletip=pilepoint=piletoe樁端（頭）29 .pilespacing樁品巨30 .pileplan樁位布置圖31 .arrangementofpiles=pilelayout樁的布置32 .groupaction群樁作用33 .endbearing=tipresistance樁端阻34 .skin（side）friction=shaftresistance樁側(cè)阻35 .pilecushion樁墊36 .pile

38、driving(byvibration)(振動)打樁37 .pilepullingtest拔樁試驗38 .pileshoe樁靴39 .pilenoise打樁噪音40 .pilerig打樁機八.地基處理-groundtreatment1 .technicalcodeforgroundtreatmentofbuilding建筑地基處理技術(shù)規(guī)范2 .cushion墊層法3 .preloading預(yù)壓法4 .dynamiccompaction強夯法5 .dynamiccompactionreplacement強夯置換法6 .vibroflotationmethod振沖法7 .sand-gravelpi

39、le砂石樁8 .gravelpile(stonecolumn)碎石樁9 .cement-flyash-gravelpile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石樁10 .cementmixingmethod水泥土攪拌樁11 .cementcolumn水泥樁12 .limepile(limecolumn)石灰樁13.jetgrouting高壓噴射注漿法14.rammed-cement-soilpile夯實水泥土樁法15.lime-soilcompactionpile灰土擠密樁lime-soilcompactedcolumn灰土擠密樁limesoilpile灰土擠密樁16.chemicalstabilizati

40、on化學(xué)加固法17.surfacecompaction表層壓實法18.surchargepreloading超載預(yù)壓法19 .vacuumpreloading真空預(yù)壓法20 .sandwick袋裝砂井21 .geofabric,geotextile土工織物22 .compositefoundation復(fù)合地基23 .reinforcementmethod力口筋法24 .dewateringmethod降低地下水固結(jié)法25 .freezingandheating冷熱處理法26 .expansivegroundtreatment膨脹土地基處理27 .groundtreatmentinmountainarea山區(qū)地基處理28 .collapsibleloesstreatment濕陷性黃土地基處理29 .artificialfoundation人工地基30 .naturalfoundation天然地基31 .pillow褥墊32 .softclaygr