大學(xué)必備詞匯單詞

1、1. Education培養(yǎng)cultivate 促進學(xué)生身心發(fā)展promote the student's physical and emotional development心理健康psychological soundness學(xué)習(xí)能力（先天）aptitude 學(xué)習(xí)能力（后天）skill 學(xué)校教育schooling 家庭教育parenting 給學(xué)生以動力give the students motivation to do sth.青少年adolescents 傳授知識impart knowledge灌輸高尚的道德觀 (注意這里value是復(fù)數(shù)，表示價值觀）instill high

2、moral values給學(xué)生以靈感g(shù)ive the students inspiration教學(xué)法teaching methodology適應(yīng)adapt to sth.適應(yīng)能力adaptability 學(xué)生對老師所教知識的掌握students' grasp of what has been taught就業(yè)技能employable skills填鴨式教法教學(xué)生force-feed the students學(xué)生不應(yīng)該只是被動接受知識的容器。Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas

3、.死記硬背learn things by rote為了記憶而記憶memorise for memorisation's own sake責(zé)任感a sense of responsibility記憶方程式、公式、定理、定律memorise equations, formulas, theorems and laws應(yīng)用apply 盲從follow sth. indiscriminately限制創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)展extinguish creativity打擊學(xué)生的積極性dampen the students' enthusiasm frustrate the students產(chǎn)生不必要的

4、壓力beget undue pressure塑造某人的性格(mould是英式拼寫）mould one's character 把學(xué)生分開教育segregate students來自其他同學(xué)的壓力peer pressure逆境adverse circumstances團隊精神team spirit獨立思考think independently在理解的基礎(chǔ)上學(xué)習(xí)learn things through understanding鼓勵學(xué)生用辯證的眼光看問題encourage the students to think critically學(xué)生的反饋students' feedback

5、學(xué)生評價老師的教學(xué)students evaluate their teachers' performance各門功課總稱curriculum 具體一門課的內(nèi)容syllabus 課外活動extra-curricular activities學(xué)校是社會的縮影A school is society in miniature.不遵守紀律（名詞）indiscipline 違反紀律的學(xué)生disruptive students理論知識theoretical knowledge通才generalist 專才specialist 全面發(fā)展的well-rounded 為社會健康發(fā)展作貢獻contribut

6、e to societal well-being人文學(xué)科humanities 社會科學(xué)social sciences藝術(shù)arts 文科總稱liberal studies理科sciences 工科engineering 學(xué)科（通稱）discipline 基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)basic sciences應(yīng)用科學(xué)applied sciences小（中、大）學(xué)教育primary-level or secondary-level or tertiary-level education職業(yè)教育vocational education2. Technology尖端的技術(shù)cutting-edge technology信息

7、爆炸information overload信息時代the information era互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的廣泛使用the proliferation of the Internet or the widespread use of the Internet科技創(chuàng)新及發(fā)展technological innovations and advances/提高效率augment efficiency提高生產(chǎn)效率augment productivity減少人力的機器labour-saving machinery取代人力的機器labour-replacing machinery自動化automation or au

8、tomated 生物技術(shù)biotechnology 克隆clone or cloning 遠程通信telecommunications 太空探索space exploration人旳基因構(gòu)成one's genetic makeup or one's DNA programming3. Media時事current affairs新聞界the press印刷媒體the print media電子媒體the electronic media報道新聞的機構(gòu)news outlets無處不在的prevalent充斥著be awash with or be inundated with審查

9、censor刪除delete or eliminate過多的暴力與色情內(nèi)容excessive violent and pornographic contents有誤導(dǎo)性的misleading詐騙性的fraudulent 虛假的false bogus 報道非常詳盡的細節(jié)report sth. in graphic detail媒體炒作media hype夸大事件exaggerate things公正客觀的objective and balanced揭露expose or reveal侵犯隱私violate someone's privacy毀壞某人的名譽tarnish one's

10、 reputation狗仔隊paparazzi 名人celebrities丑聞scandals 掩蓋cover up不客觀的biased如實的描述factual accounts可信的reliable or trustworthy or dependable及時的up-to-the-minute信息量大的informative 娛樂性強的entertaining 有新聞價值的newsworthy 道德準則code of ethics or code of conduct4. Government當(dāng)局authorities 老百姓citizens or the citizenry規(guī)范，管理reg

11、ulate實施implement立法legislate make laws嚴禁strictly prohibit or ban altogether嚴格的法律stringent laws監(jiān)督scrutinise or monitor為撥款dedicate money to sth. or invest in/預(yù)算budget 稅收tax revenue政府開支the government spending or expenditure on sth.削減curtail 增添augment當(dāng)務(wù)之急priority 把當(dāng)成當(dāng)務(wù)之急give priority to sth.責(zé)任responsibil

12、ity 軍備競賽arms race 自衛(wèi)self-defence 國土安全national security缺乏遠見的政策short-sighted policy擴張expansion 謀求霸權(quán)seek (or pursue) hegemony惡性循環(huán)a vicious circle地區(qū)不穩(wěn)定因素destabilising factors規(guī)章制度rules and regulations太空競賽space race武器weapons 下崗工人laid-off workers or downsized workers失業(yè)unemployment or joblessness基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施infrast

13、ructure 公共交通系統(tǒng)public transport system 電網(wǎng)power grid民主的democratic民主democracy石油天然氣管線pipelines給排水系統(tǒng)water supply and drainage system民主與開明的政府a(chǎn) democratic and progressive government5. Language一種可以通用的語言a universal language or a global language英語的廣泛應(yīng)用the proliferation of English英語的統(tǒng)治地位the dominant role of En

14、glish方言dialect 小語種將會消亡lesser-known languages will become extinct小語種的消亡the extinction of lesser-known languages6. Culture保護preserve or protect 祖先ancestors 后代descendants 少數(shù)民族ethnic minorities民族團結(jié)the harmony between ethnic groups文化融合cultural integration and synthesis相互影響interaction or interact with文化多元

15、性cultural diversity豐富enrich 狹隘的觀念insular mentality貶低minimise the importance of不是一成不變的sth. is not set/carved in stone7. Development生活節(jié)奏加速The tempo of life is accelerating持續(xù)的疲勞fatigue 導(dǎo)致人與人之間疏遠create alienation between people過于功利的materialistic 追求最大限度利潤pursue maximum profit交通堵塞traffic jams阻礙obstruct扶貧p

16、overty alleviation就業(yè)機會job opportunity or employment opportunity貧窮的impoverished 富裕的affluent 撞車car accidents行人pedestrians 交通肇事者traffic accident perpetrators違章橫穿馬路jaywalk 監(jiān)控攝像頭surveillance camera有特殊審美價值的老房子old buildings of special aesthetic value有特殊歷史意義的老房子buildings of historic significance民居vernacular

17、 dwellings讓城市更美觀enhance the cityscape破舊的（房子）decrepit 拆除knock down or demolish高樓high-rise buildings摩天大樓skyscrapers 城市化urbanisation 城鄉(xiāng)差距the disparity between the city and the countryside城市旳urban 鄉(xiāng)村的rural 搬遷relocate在家上班telecommute 休閑leisure or recreation精神上的享受amusement and enjoyment娛樂entertainment 寬松的管

18、理laissez-faire management運營成本operating costs overhead costs雇用recruit 會導(dǎo)致效率降低的counterproductive勞動力資源labour pool抑郁癥depression 失眠sleeplessness 人口爆炸population explosion控制人口family planning愛慕虛榮的pretentious缺少運動的生活方式sedentary lifestyle營養(yǎng)過剩overnourishment . t(一個國家或地區(qū)的）文化特性(national or regional) cultural iden

19、tity全球文化同一化過程(即地區(qū)文化特性的消失）global cultural homogenisation文化同一性cultural homogeneity cultural uniformity全球化是一把雙刃劍。Globalisation is a two-edged sword.地球村the global village文化同化cultural assimilation侵蝕亞洲文化erode the Asian culture9. Women兩性平等gender equality性別歧視gender discrimination sexism 一個開明的社會an enlightene

20、d society被家務(wù)事拖累be tied down by household chores生育孩子child bearing撫養(yǎng)孩子child rearing母性本能maternal instinct家務(wù)事household chores10. Family老年人elderly people家庭成員間的情感紐帶family bonds歸屬感a sense of belonging對的依戀an attachment to sth.單親家庭single-parent households虐待abuse家庭暴力domestic violence毒品上癒be addicted to drugs11

21、. Tourism旅游景點tourist attractions開闊眼界push back one's vision游客可以與當(dāng)?shù)厝嘶覶ourists can interact with the locals促進文化交流promote cultural communication吸引draw or attract親身體驗first-hand experience多種感官體驗的（如聽覺，觸覺等)multi-sensory沖突conflict with爭端discord把游客和當(dāng)?shù)厝烁綦xisolate the tourist from the locals商業(yè)化commercialise

22、間接體驗（比如通過電視或者互聯(lián)網(wǎng)）second-hand experience文化遺產(chǎn)cultural heritage互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不會讓旅游業(yè)過時the Internet will not render tourism obsolete12. Environment生態(tài)平衡ecological balance可持續(xù)發(fā)展sustainable development環(huán)保主義者environmentalists對環(huán)境無害的environmentally-friendly 節(jié)約使用conserve保護preserve 再利用recycle 各國必須攜手解決環(huán)境問題增強公眾關(guān)于的意識raise the p

23、ublic awareness of sth.短缺scarcity 讓資源承受很大壓力(固定短語）stretch resources to the limit破壞自然資源wreak havoc on natural resources砍伐森林deforestation 污染pollute 有毒的toxic增加農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量boost crop yield可再生資源renewable resources不可再生資源non-renewable resources消耗（某種資源）consume or deplete用盡（某種資源）use up or exhaust嚴厲的措施harsh actions生態(tài)系統(tǒng)ecosystem某一地區(qū)所有生物總稱the wildlife in a region生物的多樣性biodiversity 污水effluent sewage 排放discharge 溫室效應(yīng)greenhouse effect or global warming嚴重的grievous白色污染產(chǎn)生的垃圾non-biodegradable garbage譴責(zé)而不是縱容condemn rather than condone sth.臭氧層ozone layer肥沃的土壌fertile soil貧瘠的土壌infertile soil耕地arable