牛津譯林初中英語八年級下unit_語法現(xiàn)在完成時

1、會計學1牛津譯林初中英語八年級下牛津譯林初中英語八年級下unit_語法現(xiàn)語法現(xiàn)在完成時在完成時yetrecentlypastadv. 還，仍還，仍adv. 近來，最近近來，最近adj. 過去的過去的Words reviewTo learn the present perfect tenseTo learn the new words and phrases: yet, recently, past, over the past century learn more aboutObjectives語法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關例句，或語法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些

2、相關例句，或可讓學生從已學課文中找相應例句，引導學生試著從所觀察到的可讓學生從已學課文中找相應例句，引導學生試著從所觀察到的語言現(xiàn)象中總結出語言規(guī)則和語法規(guī)律。語言現(xiàn)象中總結出語言規(guī)則和語法規(guī)律。1. We havent got much tea or coffee, and we havent got any sugar or jam. (新概念新概念1 L79)2. Ive already had my holiday this year. (新概念新概念1 L83)3. Have your mechanics (機修工機修工) finished yet? (新概念新概念1 L87)4.

3、He has always been a good neighbour. (新概念新概念1 L91) 5. I have just arrived in Scotland and Im staying at a Youth Hostel (青年旅社青年旅社). (新概念新概念1 L101)6. Have you finished already? (新概念新概念1 L125)7. Eddie, have you seen my food? (P6) Yes, Ive just eaten it. What? Youve eaten my food? Why? 8. Youve changed,

4、 Eddie. You used to share food with me! Youve changed too. You used to be so kind to me. (P6)9. Ive lived here since I was born. (P8)10. Have you ever moved house? (P8)11. , my wife and I moved two blocks away and weve lived in this area since then. (P8)12. Has the town changed a lot over the years?

5、 (P8)13. Now, the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park. (P8)14. However, most of my old friends have moved away. (P9)to test your sense of observationto test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuess1. We _ much tea or coffe

6、e, and we _ any sugar or jam. 2. I_ already _ my holiday this year. 3. _ your mechanics _ yet? 4. He _ always _ a good neighbour. 5. I _ just _ in Scotland and Im staying at a Youth Hostel. 6. _ you _ already? havent gothavent gotvehadHavefinishedhasbeenhavearrivedHavefinished7. Eddie, _ you _ my fo

7、od? Yes, I_ just _ it. What? You_ my food? Why? 8. You_, Eddie. You used to share food with me! You_ too. You used to be so kind to me. 9. I_ here since I was born. 10. _ you ever _ house? haveseenveeatenve eatenve changedve changedve livedHavemoved11. , my wife and I moved two blocks away and we_ i

8、n this area since then. 12. _ the town _ a lot over the years? 13. Now, the government _ part of the town centre into a new park. 14. However, most of my old friends _ away. ve livedHaschangedhas turnedhave moved1. You work in Luoyang, dont you? Yes. I _ in this city for three years. A. work B. work

9、ed C. have worked D. will work2. The book is very thin, but Jack thinks its the best book that he _. A. read B. has read C. will read D. reads3. Would you like to go and see Despicable Me 2 with me tonight? Id like to, but I _ it twice. A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing以上我們已經(jīng)通過歸納總結和練習對本課的

10、語法內(nèi)容有了一定的了解，以上我們已經(jīng)通過歸納總結和練習對本課的語法內(nèi)容有了一定的了解，下面就讓我們根據(jù)下面就讓我們根據(jù)之前練習的考察情之前練習的考察情況進一步選擇講解況進一步選擇講解該語法項的重難點。該語法項的重難點?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，常與與already, yet, ever, never, just等副詞連用。等副詞連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時的用法現(xiàn)在完成時的用法He has turned off the light. 他已把燈關了。他已把燈關了。(動作結束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況動作結束

11、于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。)現(xiàn)在完成時也表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能還會持現(xiàn)在完成時也表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)，常與續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)，常與since, for, so far等時間狀語連用。如：等時間狀語連用。如：I have lived here for more than 20 years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)住了我在這兒已經(jīng)住了20多年了。多年了。 (動作開始于動作開始于20多年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。多年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。) 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句句型現(xiàn)在完

12、成時的肯定句句型 主語主語(第一第一, 二人稱單二人稱單, 復數(shù)復數(shù))+ have (第三人稱復數(shù)第三人稱復數(shù)) + have (第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)) + has + 過去過去分詞分詞e.g.I have finished my homework.He has written six poems. They have seen that film. 現(xiàn)在完成時的構成現(xiàn)在完成時的構成2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句句型現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句句型 主語主語 + have / has + not + 過去分詞過去分詞 + e.g.I have not seen the movie yet.He hasnt

13、 come here yet.hasnt = has nothavent = have not3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句句型現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句句型 Have / Has + 主語主語 + 過去分詞過去分詞 + Yes, 主語主語 + have / has.No, 主語主語 + have / has not.e.g.Have you finished the work?Yes, I have. / No, I havent.Has she arrived here?Yes, she has. / No, she hasnt.規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構成規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構成1.大多數(shù)的動詞的

14、過去分詞是規(guī)則的，只需在動詞后加大多數(shù)的動詞的過去分詞是規(guī)則的，只需在動詞后加-ed；例如：；例如： workworked listenlistened jumpjumped visitvisited2.在以在以-e結尾的動詞后只加結尾的動詞后只加-d；例如：；例如： closeclosed likeliked agreeagreed movemoved過去分詞的構成過去分詞的構成3.在以輔音字母加在以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞，應將結尾的動詞，應將y改改 為為i再加再加ed；例如：；例如： studystudied carrycarried trytried worryworried4.以重讀閉

15、音節(jié)結尾的動詞，要雙寫末尾以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的動詞，要雙寫末尾 的輔音字母再加的輔音字母再加-ed；例如：；例如： stopstopped dropdropped 不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構成不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構成1.有些動詞的有些動詞的原形和過去分詞相同；例如：原形和過去分詞相同；例如： putput hurthurt becomebecome runrun2.改變單詞中間元音字母；例如：改變單詞中間元音字母；例如： sitsat winwon holdheld3.把單詞結尾的字母把單詞結尾的字母d改為改為t；例如：；例如： lendlent spendspent sendsent還有些動詞

16、的過去分詞是不規(guī)則的，需要特殊記憶。（課本第還有些動詞的過去分詞是不規(guī)則的，需要特殊記憶。（課本第122-123頁）頁）4.以以eep結尾的動詞，把結尾的動詞，把eep改為改為ept；例如：；例如： keepkept sleepslept 5. 過去分詞以過去分詞以aught或或ought結尾；例如：結尾；例如： teachtaught buybought 6.以以ay結尾的動詞，把結尾的動詞，把ay變成變成aid；例如：；例如： saysaid paypaid7.在原形詞尾加在原形詞尾加n或或en；例如：；例如： givegiven eateatenRegular verbsIrregula

17、r verbsBase form Past participle Base form Past participlevisitvisitedhithitrepairrepairedputputlivelivedmeetmetmovemovedmakemadetrytriedsellsoldstudystudiedgivegivenfitfittedwritewrittenplanplannedthinkthought現(xiàn)在完成時中典型的時間表達現(xiàn)在完成時中典型的時間表達1. borrow _ 2. hope _3. make _ 4. get _5. plan _ 6. cry _7. send

18、 _ 8. watch _9. say _ 10. grow _11. hit _ 12. enjoy _ Mr. Wu wants the students to practise using the present perfect tense. Help them write the past participles of the verbs below. (P 14)A Aborrowedhopedmadegotplannedcriedsentwatchedsaidgrownhitenjoyed1. They _ (finish) their homework already.2. Jo

19、hn _ never _ (visit) China.3. Mr Li _ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday.4. We _ (not see) each other for years.5. My parents _ (not come) back yet.6. Our teacher _ (teach) us a lot about the history of China.have finishedhave not comehas taughthave not seenhas repairedhas visited Mr. Wu asks t

20、he students to complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense. Help them complete the sentences. (P 14)B BM: _ you _ (see) any films recently, Sandy?S: No, I havent. What about you?M: I _ (see) one last Saturday. S: Whats it about?M: Its about the changes in Beijing over the past centu

21、ry. From this film, I _ (learn) more about Beijings past and present.S: Oh, I think I _ (hear) about the film. Do you plan to see it again.M: Yes, Id like to.Haveseensawhave learnthave heard Millie and Sandy are talking about a film about the history of Beijing. Complete their conversation with the

22、correct forms of the verbs in brackets. (P 14)C C請點擊請點擊1. _ you ever _ with a group? Yes, I have. A. Did, study B. Are, studying C. Were, studying D. Have, studied2. Lucy, _ you _ your ticket? Not yet. A. did; find B. have; found C. has; found D. do; find3. My grandmother _ a lot of changes in Tianj

23、in since she came here. A. sees B. can see C. will see D. has seenI. Multiple choice.4. My aunt is a writer. She _ more than ten books since 1980. A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write 5. Look at these stamps. I _ them for five years. Wow, they are wonderful. A. kept B. have kept C. have b

24、ought6. Id like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter. Thank you, Lucy. But we _ already. A. meet B. met C. will meet D. have met7. Since 2000, Jingmen has become a new city. Everything _. A. is changed B. was changed C. had changed D. has changed 1. I _ (have) dinner. I am full.2. We _ (read) t

25、his story.3. They _ (see) the movie.4. She _ (buy) some nice toys.5. Hurry up! Lunch _ already _ (begin).6. We _ (wash) our clothes. Theyre clean now.7. _ he ever _ (ride) a bike? have had have readhave seenhas bought have washedII. Fill in the blanks.Has riddenhasbegun1. Ive already had dinner. (否否

26、) I _ _ dinner _.2. He has just finished his homework. (否否) He _ _ his homework _.3. Mum has cooked the dinner. (否否) Mum _ _ the dinner.4. I have done my homework. (疑疑) _ you done your homework _?5. I have ridden a horse. (疑疑) _ you _ ridden a horse?haventhadyethasntfinishedyet hasnt cookedIII. 將下列句

27、子改為否定句或疑問句。將下列句子改為否定句或疑問句。Have yet Have ever IV. Put the following sentences into English.1. 你已經(jīng)制作好生日賀卡了嗎？你已經(jīng)制作好生日賀卡了嗎？ _ _ _ making the birthday card _?2. 我已經(jīng)吃過早飯了，現(xiàn)在一點也不餓。我已經(jīng)吃過早飯了，現(xiàn)在一點也不餓。 I _ _ _ breakfast, and now I am not hungry at all.3. 你這周日準備做什么？你這周日準備做什么？ 還沒決定。還沒決定。 What are you going to do

28、 this Sunday? I _ _ _. have already eatenHave you finishedyethavent decided yet 4. 你讀過你讀過哈利哈利波特波特這本書么？這本書么？ 是的，我已經(jīng)讀過好多遍了。是的，我已經(jīng)讀過好多遍了。 _ you _ the book Harry Porter? Yes, I _ _ _ it several times.5. 自從自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。年以來，他一直住在這兒。 He _ _ here _ 1978. Have read have already read has lived sinceHomew

29、ork1. Review the grammar weve learned today.2. Finish the exercises in Learning English.3. Preview Integrated skills on pages 15-16.以上我們已經(jīng)通過歸納總結和練習對本課的語法內(nèi)容有了一定的了解，以上我們已經(jīng)通過歸納總結和練習對本課的語法內(nèi)容有了一定的了解，下面就讓我們根據(jù)下面就讓我們根據(jù)之前練習的考察情之前練習的考察情況進一步選擇講解況進一步選擇講解該語法項的重難點。該語法項的重難點。規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構成規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構成1.大多數(shù)的動詞的過去分詞是規(guī)則

30、的，只需在動詞后加大多數(shù)的動詞的過去分詞是規(guī)則的，只需在動詞后加-ed；例如：；例如： workworked listenlistened jumpjumped visitvisited2.在以在以-e結尾的動詞后只加結尾的動詞后只加-d；例如：；例如： closeclosed likeliked agreeagreed movemoved過去分詞的構成過去分詞的構成1. borrow _ 2. hope _3. make _ 4. get _5. plan _ 6. cry _7. send _ 8. watch _9. say _ 10. grow _11. hit _ 12. enjoy _ Mr. Wu wants the students to practise using the pres