劍橋少兒英語(yǔ)教師上崗培訓(xùn)講座

1、126/11/2005浙江大學(xué)教育學(xué)院 褚獻(xiàn)華23Outline 提綱提綱 Children as language learners 兒童學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的特點(diǎn)Approaches & Principles 教學(xué)途徑和原則Effective teaching strategies 有效的教學(xué)策略Priorities for CYLE 劍橋少兒英語(yǔ)的教學(xué)重點(diǎn) 4學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you are expected to 聽(tīng)了今天的講座，希望您能1.State the characteristics of childre

2、n learning English說(shuō)出少兒學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)l小學(xué)生的特點(diǎn)、學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程、學(xué)習(xí)的條件2.Explain the key principles and strategies for teaching young learners English解釋少兒英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的重要原則和策略l以學(xué)生為中心、交際為導(dǎo)向、活動(dòng)為基礎(chǔ)5Please ask yourself：lWhy do children learn English? 少兒英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的主要目的是什么？lWhat are their characteristics? 少兒學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)有哪些特點(diǎn)？lWhat approach is more eff

3、ective?什么樣的教學(xué)途徑對(duì)少兒更有效?6Why teach Children English? To develop learners capability of using English. 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力情感態(tài)度affective attitude語(yǔ)言技能language skills語(yǔ)言知識(shí)language knowledge學(xué)習(xí)策略learning strategies文化意識(shí)cultural awareness7少兒英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的目的少兒英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的目的了解英語(yǔ)國(guó)家文化形成世界意識(shí)初步形成英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)策略良好的語(yǔ)音基礎(chǔ)初步的口頭交際能力 學(xué)習(xí)和掌握英

4、語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)建立英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的興趣和信心 形成積極的態(tài)度8少兒作為外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者少兒作為外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者young learners of EnglishlYoung learners: strengths and weaknesses少兒學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的優(yōu)勢(shì)和弱點(diǎn)lLanguage learning approaches for young learners少兒語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的途徑lExternal conditions for effective YLE少兒英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的外部條件9學(xué)習(xí)能力是與生俱來(lái)的學(xué)習(xí)能力是與生俱來(lái)的The ability to learn is innate. l學(xué)習(xí)是在一定的社會(huì)文化情境中，通

5、過(guò)參與活動(dòng)、與他人交流而實(shí)現(xiàn)的意義建構(gòu)過(guò)程。Learning is a process of meaning construction in a socio-cultural context by the learners involvement in the activities and communicationl每個(gè)學(xué)生都是積極的探究者和知識(shí)建構(gòu)者 。l學(xué)生原有的知識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)是新知識(shí)的生長(zhǎng)基點(diǎn) 。l學(xué)生需求、興趣和自主性是有效學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)部基礎(chǔ)。l與他人的互動(dòng)和正確的引導(dǎo)對(duì)意義建構(gòu)非常重要。10Children as language learners兒童作為語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者11Childrenare

6、 more enthusiastic and lively are bold to have a go at an activityhave less psycho-stress on learninghave more time to learn熱情積極活潑勇于參與活動(dòng)心理壓力較少學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間較多12But theylare less cognitively developed lcant retain their attention longllose interest more quicklylhave less learning experience l認(rèn)知水平較低l注意保持較短l容易喪失

7、興趣l學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)較少13少兒如何有效地學(xué)英語(yǔ)？少兒如何有效地學(xué)英語(yǔ)？How YL learn English?l通過(guò)類似母語(yǔ)習(xí)得的自然途徑 in a natural wayl通過(guò)在信任接受的氛圍中互動(dòng) by interacting with each other in an atmosphere of trust and acceptancel通過(guò)參與多種有趣的活動(dòng)by participating in a variety of interesting activitiesl通過(guò)模仿和重復(fù)、唱歌和誦讀等 by imitating and repeating, singing and chanti

8、ng14自然的方式The natural wayExposure to language 感受語(yǔ)言Comprehension 理解意思Imitation 模仿Active use 活用語(yǔ)言Language input語(yǔ)言輸入Language output語(yǔ)言輸出15Notice注意注意 Want想學(xué)想學(xué) Engage 參與參與Link 聯(lián)系聯(lián)系Succeed成功成功 少兒少兒學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的過(guò)程學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的過(guò)程the process of YL language learning16Clear objectives 的興趣正確的示范正確的示范Correct demonstration可理解的輸入可理解

9、的輸入U(xiǎn)nderstandable input輕松的氛圍輕松的氛圍Stress-free atmosphere有意義的互動(dòng)有意義的互動(dòng)Meaningful interaction積極的強(qiáng)化積極的強(qiáng)化Positive reinforcement充分的參與充分的參與Adequate involvement少兒學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的外部條件少兒學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的外部條件External Conditions for Children Learning English17External Conditions for CYLElUnderstandable input 可理解的輸入lCorrect demonstrati

10、on 正確的示范lMeaningful interaction 有意義的互動(dòng)lAdequate involvement 充分的參與lStress-free atmosphere 輕松的氛圍lPositive reinforcement 積極的強(qiáng)化18l兒童以一種類似自然的語(yǔ)言習(xí)得方式學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)l他們具備學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的優(yōu)勢(shì)和但也有劣勢(shì)l他們的英語(yǔ)技能不是老師“教給”的，而是他們?cè)趨⑴c學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)過(guò)程中“學(xué)會(huì)”的。l他們學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)需要有利的外部條件。重要理念重要理念 Key ideas19常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題Common problemsl教師沒(méi)有提供足夠機(jī)會(huì)引起學(xué)生的注意l教學(xué)目標(biāo)與學(xué)生的需要不一致l學(xué)生不

11、愿努力嘗試l詞句太難；不知如何做；沒(méi)趣味l活動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)不夠難以記憶和運(yùn)用l經(jīng)歷過(guò)多的失敗失去信心l不能有效地建立聯(lián)系不能活用l操練太狹窄；內(nèi)容難于內(nèi)化；或缺乏挑戰(zhàn)性l 如何改進(jìn)？如何改進(jìn)？20Implications for Teachers對(duì)教師的啟示21The teacher should be aware that language acquisition is a natural process 認(rèn)識(shí)語(yǔ)言習(xí)得是個(gè)自然的過(guò)程Speech first 口語(yǔ)領(lǐng)先Step by step 循序漸進(jìn)222. adopt methods compatible with the childrens de

12、velopmental stage 教學(xué)法方法適應(yīng)兒童發(fā)展階段Active, hands-on動(dòng)手活動(dòng)Multi-dimensional learning233. Make the learning relevant to childrens interests and perspective 學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)合兒童的興趣和認(rèn)識(shí) Concrete vocabulary具體的詞匯Here-and-now content身邊的內(nèi)容Start where children are244. The teacher should provide understandable language and necess

13、ary support 5. The teacher should provide many opportunities for language interaction 256. The teacher should support pupils motivation and self-esteem while diminishing their anxiety267. The teacher should value the role of the classroom environment in supporting learning27Behavioral approach行為主義途徑

14、Focus: the reinforcement of behavior through repetition and rewardslTeacher controls learners behavior and learning processlTeacher has a clear lesson planlEnglish patterns are repeated through drills and choral repetitionlSuccess is reinforced by praise and rewards28Input approach 語(yǔ)言輸入途徑Focus: the

15、input of language from the teacher, tapes, reading materiallLearners are exposed to English understandable or just beyond their present level lLearners are not expected to produce language until they feel readylTeacher introduce new words and patterns through physical demonstrationlLearners are enco

16、uraged to be physically active29Humanistic approach人本主義途徑 Focus: the importance of the inner thoughts and feelings of each learnerlDevelopment of inter-personal skills is encouragedlFocus is on the learning processlEach child is allowed to make choice and pacelLearners are emotionally immersed in th

17、e lessonlMotivation comes from inside, not external rewardlChildren are ensured to feel least anxietylTeacher is a “facilitator” and encourage children learn naturally30Constructivist approach建構(gòu)主義途徑Focus: child as an individual trying to make sense to the worldlEach child is an active explorerlA chi

18、ld tends to move in directions that have personal meaninglA child has the potential to reach beyond the present level, but needs to interact with adults and peers having more knowledgelA child learns language in the attempt to communicate 31Three Important PrincipleslChild-Centered perspective 以兒童為中

19、心的教育理念 l Speech-Oriented approach 以口語(yǔ)為導(dǎo)向教學(xué)途徑l Activity-Based interaction 以活動(dòng)為基礎(chǔ)的互動(dòng)模式32Child-CenteredlYoung learners characteristics, needs and interest 少兒的特點(diǎn)、需要和興趣l Learner-centered instruction in以學(xué)習(xí)者為中心的教學(xué)體現(xiàn)在l designing a lesson（備課）l teaching a lesson （上課）l assigning homework（作業(yè)）l assessing learnin

20、g（評(píng)價(jià)）33Speech-OrientedlTeaching in English 用英語(yǔ)教學(xué)l Understandable input 可理解輸入l Scaffolding 提供“腳手架”支持 l Authentic language 真實(shí)的語(yǔ)言l Meaningful communication 有意義交流l Realia-supported interaction 教具輔助的互動(dòng)l Speech-based skill development 口語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)的技能發(fā)展34Activity-BasedlActivating learning 激發(fā)學(xué)生積極性l Stimulating int

21、erest 刺激興趣l Multiple Intelligence strategies 多元智能策略l Engaging all learners 促進(jìn)全體參與l Group learning 小組集體活動(dòng)l Peer tutorial 同伴互助l Integrating skills 整合技能l Recurrent practice 循環(huán)實(shí)踐l Multi-skilled communication 多技能的交流35Language Learning ActivitiesListening Listen and repeat 聽(tīng)聽(tīng)讀讀Listen and guess 聽(tīng)聽(tīng)猜猜Listen

22、and act (match/find/draw, etc) 聽(tīng)聽(tīng)做做SpeakingDraw and ask questions 畫圖提問(wèn)Whisper a sentence 輕聲傳話Pairs finding 尋找對(duì)子Speaking chain 連環(huán)說(shuō)話Story telling 講故事Guessing games猜謎游戲Interview/survey采訪調(diào)查36ReadingPhonics 認(rèn)讀方法Read and colour 閱讀圖色Read and match 閱讀配對(duì) Read and draw 閱讀畫圖Word games 單詞游戲Writing Spelling bee

23、拼詞比賽Enriched dictation 多種聽(tīng)寫Describing the picture 描述圖片Journal writing 記日記37Priorities for CYLElPositive attitude toward learning English 學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的積極態(tài)度lCorrect pronunciation and intonation 正確的語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)lBasic skills of English 最基礎(chǔ)的英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫技能 Topics, structures, words as listed in the syllabuses 大綱中所列話題、結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯38A

24、few more wordsWe should have a strong belief that lEvery child will become a successful L2 learner 每個(gè)孩子都會(huì)是個(gè)成功的第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者lEvery child needs our hand to hold 每個(gè)孩子都需要我們的扶持39Make sure to tell every child: You + Me = Specialand yourself: Progress = learning + practice + reflection 40Time for Questions41Than

25、k you for your attention.Good luck in your teaching.從此網(wǎng)站下載：http:/42The natural wayExposure to language 感受語(yǔ)言Comprehension 理解意思Imitation 模仿Active use 活用語(yǔ)言Language input語(yǔ)言輸入Language output語(yǔ)言輸出43感知運(yùn)動(dòng)階段前運(yùn)算階段具體運(yùn)算階段邏輯運(yùn)算階段44Multiple Intelligences 多元智能Linguistic intelligence (“word smart”) (語(yǔ)言文字智能)Logical-ma

26、thematical intelligence (“l(fā)ogic/math smart) (邏輯-數(shù)學(xué)智能)Spatial intelligence (“picture smart”) (視覺(jué)空間智能)Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence (“body smart”) (身體運(yùn)動(dòng)智能) Musical intelligence (“music smart”) (音樂(lè)旋律智能)Interpersonal intelligence (people smart) (人際關(guān)系智能)Intrapersonal intelligence (self smart) (自我認(rèn)識(shí)智能)N

27、aturalist intelligence (“nature smart”) (自然觀察者智能)45The Eight Intelligences46Scaffolding 提供“腳手架”Getting children interested in the task 激發(fā)兒童們對(duì)任務(wù)的興趣Simplifying the task; breaking it down into smaller steps 簡(jiǎn)化任務(wù)、化整為零Keeping children on task; reminding them of goals 保持兒童們參與，提示學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)Pointing out what is im

28、portant 指出重點(diǎn)Preventing/managing frustration 預(yù)防/化解挫折47Choose what to say: SituationsYou meet a friendYou want to ask your teacher somethingYou see your teacherYour friend looks sadSomeone gives you an ice creamYou like the film very muchYou have to go homeIts your friends birthdayYou want to play ten

29、nis with your friendYou cant hear somethingYour mum wants to take you shopping48Questions for Starters (A)1. Whats your name? Whats your friends name?2. How do you spell your name? 3. How old are you? How old is the monkey?4. Whats this? What are these?5. Which is your ruler? 6. Whats in your school

30、bag?7. What colour is your bag?8. What colour do you like? Do you like purple?9. Whos that boy? 10. Have you got a bike?4911. Has the cat got any fish? What has it got?12. How many children are there in the picture?13. Whats your favourite fruit?14. What do you want? Do you want a burger or an ice c

31、ream?15. Whose bag is this? Is it Peters?16. Where is your English book?17. What have you got for breakfast? Whats for lunch?18. How do you go to school? Do you go to school by bus?19. What do cats like to eat?20. What do you do every day?50Questions for Starters (B)1. How are you? 2. What animals d

32、o you like? Do you like dogs?3. Where is the cat? Is it under the chair?4. Whats Sue doing now? 5. What are the boys doing in the garden?6. Whats Bob plying with? 7. Who do you often play with?8. Can I have some juice?9. Where do you have meals?10. Whats in your bedroom?5111. What do you do at schoo

33、l?12. What does Sally do every day?13. Whats your phone number?14. What does Lily like doing?15. Can you jump like a kangaroo?16. Whats your hobby? Do you like fishing?17. How many apples do you want?18. Where does Tom often play badminton?19. Which is Mary, the girl in green or in red?20. Where do

34、you live? Where does a fish live?52Questions for Movers (A)1. What day is today？2. Whats the weather like today?3. Where are you going?4. Whose toy car is this? Is it yours?5. Do you often play football?6. What does Peter do every day?7. Are you hungry? What do you want to have?8. Which is bigger, t

35、he sun or the moon? 9. Why does the earth look bigger than the sun?10. Whos the tallest in your class?5311. How many days are there in a week？12. What do you usually do on Sunday? 13. What did you do last Sunday？14. Where were your friends yesterday?15. What did your friends want to do?Movers (B)16.

36、 What are you going to do?17. Whos your best friend?18. Which floor do you live on?19. Shall I wash my socks?20. Would you like some apples?5421. What do you like doing best? 22. How did Jack go to his grandfathers house?23. How much is the ice cream?24. How often do you go to the cinema?25. Can I h

37、elp you? May I come in?26. Whats wrong with you? Whats the matter with you?27. What do you do if you have a cold?28. What must you do before you get on a train?29. What does Kevins father do?30. Where does he work? What does he have to do on weekdays?5531.What did you see when you came into the room

38、?32. How much water do you need?33. What kind of food would you like to eat?34. When does the train leave?35. Where can I take the bus?36. How often does your mother go shopping?37. What do you paint the house with?38. How did he go upstairs?39. What is your friend like?40. Why is the girl happy? 56

39、Questions for Flyers1. What was the weather like yesterday?2. Whats your favourite season? What happens in summer?3. When did Bob get up yesterday?4. How long did it take Bobby to clean the room?5. Why werent you at school yesterday?6. What will you do if it snows tomorrow?7. What language do people speak in Japan?8. How long have you learned English?9. How many times have you been to