How_to_make_presentation-國(guó)外（課堂PPT）

1、How to Make a Presentation2What is a presentation?vA presentation is a formal talk to one or more people that presents ideas or information in a clear, structured way. 3IntroductionAll presentations have a common objective. People give presentations because they want to communicate in order to: info

2、rm train persuade sell 4We will start by exploringthe importance of preparation.Then, we will look athow to deliver a presentation. 5After that, we will examinethe language of presentations, before moving on toThe review of this presentation.6We will now begin by exploring the importance of preparat

3、ion for all presentation7PreparationvCan you name the 3 most important things when giving any presentation?Number 1 isPreparationNumber 2 isPreparation!Number 3 isPreparation!Preparation is everything!8What to prepare?vObjective-why: inform, amusevAudience-who: your classmatesvVenue-where: classroom

4、vContent-what: topic in questionvTime and lengthwhen: 3vMethod-howvStructurevNotesvRehearsal9StructurevA well organized presentation with a clear structure is easier for the audience to follow. It is therefore more effective. You should organize the points you wish to make in a logical order. Most p

5、resentations are organized in three parts, followed by questions:10BeginningShort introductionvwelcome your audience vintroduce your subject vexplain the structure of your presentation vexplain rules for questions Structure11Middle Body of presentationvpresent the subject itself End Short conclusion

6、 vsummarize your presentation vthank your audience vinvite questions Questions and AnswersStructure12Notesv When you give your presentation, you should be - or appear to be - as spontaneous as possible. You should not read your presentation! You should be so familiar with your subject and with the i

7、nformation that you want to deliver that you do not need to read a text. Reading a text is boring! Reading a text will make your audience go to sleep! So if you dont have a text to read, how can you remember to say everything you need to say? 13vWith notes. You can create your own system of notes. S

8、ome people make notes on small cards. Some people write down just the title of each section of their talk. Some people write down keywords to remind them. The notes will give you confidence, but because you will have prepared your presentation fully, you may not even need them!14RehearsalvRehearsal

9、is a vital part of preparation. You should leave time to practice your presentation two or three times. This will have the following benefits:15 you will become more familiar with what you want to say you will identify weaknesses in your presentation you will be able to practice difficult pronunciat

10、ions you will be able to check the time that your presentation takes and make any necessary modifications 16v So prepare, prepare, prepare! Prepare everything: words, visual aids, timing, equipment. Rehearse your presentation several times and time it. 17Well, weve talked about the importance of pre

11、paration. Lets turn now to the various techniques for delivering a presentation in English.18Nervesv Most speakers are a little nervous at the beginning of a presentation. So it is normal if you are nervous. The answer is to pay special attention to the beginning of your presentation. First impressi

12、ons count. This is the time when you establish a rapport(友友善善) with your audience. During this time, try to speak slowly and calmly. You should perhaps learn your introduction by heart. After a few moments, you will relax and gain confidence.19Audience Rapportv You need to build a warm and friendly

13、relationship with your audience. Enthusiasm is contagious. If you are enthusiastic your audience will be enthusiastic too. v And be careful to establish eye contact with each member of your audience. Each person should feel that you are speaking directly to him or her. This means that you must look

14、at each person in turn - in as natural a way as possible. 20Body Languagev What you do not say is at least as important as what you do say. Your body is speaking to your audience even before you open your mouth. Your clothes, your walk, your glasses, your haircut, your expression - it is from these

15、that your audience forms its first impression as you enter the room. v Generally speaking, it is better to stand rather than sit when making a presentation. v Be aware of and avoid any repetitive and irritating gestures. 21v speed: you can speak at normal speed, you can speak faster, you can speak m

16、ore slowly - and you can stop completely! You can pause. This is a very good technique for gaining your audiences attention. v intonation: you can change the pitch of your voice. You can speak in a high tone. You can speak in a low tone. v volume: you can speak at normal volume, you can speak loudly

17、 and you can speak quietly. Lowering your voice and speaking quietly can again attract your audiences interest. Voice quality22Visual aidsvOf all the information that enters our brains, the vast majority of it enters through the eyes. 80% of what your audience learn during your presentation is learn

18、ed visually (what they see) and only 20% is learned aurally (what they hear). The significance of this is obvious.23Therefore, it is well worth spending time in the creation of good visual aids. But it is equally important not to overload your audiences brains. Keep the information on each visual ai

19、d to a minimum - and give your audience time to look at and absorb this information. Remember, your audience have never seen these visual aids before. They need time to study and to understand them. Without understanding there is no communication.24Weve looked at delivery. Now well move on to the la

20、nguage of presentations in English.25LanguageSay what you are going to say.26Simplicity and Clarityv If you want your audience to understand your message, your language must be simple and clear.v Use short words and short sentences.v Do not use jargon(行話), unless you are certain that your audience u

21、nderstands it.v In general, talk about concrete facts rather than abstract ideas.27Signpostingv When you drive on the roads, you know where you are on those roads. Each road has a name or number. Each town has a name. And each house has a number. You can look at the signposts for directions, and it

22、is easy to navigate the roads. You cannot get lost. 28vBut when you give a presentation, how can your audience know where they are? How can they know the structure of your presentation? How can they know what is coming next? They know because you tell them. Because you put up signposts for them, at

23、the beginning and all along the route. This technique is called signposting (or signalling).29v During your introduction, you should tell your audience what the structure of your presentation will be. You might say something like this:v “Ill start by describing the current position in Europe. Then I

24、ll move on to some of the achievements weve made in Asia. After that Ill consider the opportunities we see for further expansion in Africa. Lastly, Ill quickly recap(扼要重述扼要重述)before concluding with some recommendations.30A member of the audience can now visualize your presentation like this:Introduc

25、tionvWelcome vExplanation of structure (now) BodyvEurope vAsia vAfrica ConclusionvSumming up vRecommendations31The table below lists useful expressions that you can use to signpost the various parts of your presentation.FunctionLanguageIntroducing the subjectvId like to start by. vLets begin by. vFi

26、rst of all, Ill. vStarting with. vIll begin by. 32FunctionLanguageFinishing one subject.vWell, Ive told you about. vThats all I have to say about. vWeve looked at. vSo much for. 33FunctionLanguage.and starting anothervNow well move on to. vLet me turn now to. vNext. vTurning to. vId like now to disc

27、uss. vLets look now at. 34FunctionLanguageAnalyzing a point and giving recommendationsvWhere does that lead us? vLets consider this in more detail. vWhat does this mean for ABC? vTranslated into real terms. 35FunctionLanguageGiving an examplevFor example,. vA good example of this is. vAs an illustra

28、tion,. vTo give you an example,. vTo illustrate this point. 36FunctionLanguageDealing with questionsvWell be examining this point in more detail later on. vId like to deal with this question later, if I may. vIll come back to this question later in my talk. vPerhaps youd like to raise this point at

29、the end. vI wont comment on this now. 37FunctionLanguageSummarizing and concludingvIn conclusion,. vRight, lets sum up, shall we? vId like now to recap. vLets summarize briefly what weve looked at. vFinally, let me remind you of some of the issues weve covered. vIf I can just sum up the main points. 38FunctionLanguageOrderingvFirstly.secondlythirdly .lastly. vFirst of all.then.next.after that.finally. vTo start with.later.to finish up. 39That