美國(guó)十大標(biāo)志性建筑中英文介紹

1、美國(guó)十大標(biāo)志性建筑美國(guó)十大標(biāo)志性建筑1.The Empire State BuildinglThe Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in New York City at the intersection of Fifth Avenue and West 34th Street. Its name is derived from the nickname for the state of New York. It stood as the worlds tallest building for more than

2、 forty years, from its completion in 1931 until construction of the World Trade Centers North Tower was completed in 1972. Following the destruction of the World Trade Center in 2001, the Empire State Building again became the tallest building in New York City and New York State. The Empire State Bu

3、ilding has been named by the American Society of Civil Engineers as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World. The building and its street floor interior are designated landmarks of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, and confirmed by the New York City Board of Estimate.3 It was

4、designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1986. In 2007, it was ranked number one on the List of Americas Favorite Architecture according to the AIA. The building is owned and managed by W&H Properties. 2.紐約中央火車站（紐約中央火車站（Grand Central Terminal），），l 3.Mount Rushmore拉什莫爾山拉什莫爾山lMount Rushmore i

5、s a memorial to the birth， growth， preservation and development of the United States of America. Gutzon Borglum sculpted busts of Presidents George Washington， Thomas Jefferson， Theodore Roosevelt， and Abraham Lincoln high in the Black Hills to represent the first 150 years of American history.lThe

6、primary resource at Mount Rushmore is the granite sculpture itself， but also of interest is the Sculptors Studio built under the direction of Sculptor Gutzon Borglum in 1939. Unique plaster models and tools related to the sculpting process are displayed in the studio.4. The White HouseFor almost two

7、 hundred years, the White House has stood as a symbol of the Presidency, the United States government, and the American people. Its history, and the history of the nations capital, began when President George Washington signed an Act of Congress in December of 1790 declaring that the federal governm

8、ent would reside in a district not exceeding ten miles square.on the river Potomac. President Washington, together with city planner Pierre LEnfant, chose the site for the new residence, which is now 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. As preparations began for the new federal city, a competition was held to

9、find a builder of the Presidents House. Nine proposals were submitted, and Irish-born architect James Hoban won a gold medal for his practical and handsome design. 5. The Liberty StatuelIt was to be another two years before it could be properly unveiled: money had to be collected to fund the constru

10、ction of the base, and for some reason Americans were unwilling - or unable - to dip into their pockets. Only through the campaigning efforts of newspaper magnate Joseph Pulitzer, a keen supporter of the statue, did it all come together in the end. Richard Morris Hunt built a pedestal around the exi

11、sting star-shaped Fort Wood, and Liberty was formally dedicated by President Cleveland on October 28, 1886, in a flag-waving shindig that has never really stopped. The statue was closed for a few years in the mid-1980s for extensive renovation and, in 1986, fifteen million people descended on Manhat

12、tan for the statues centennial celebrations.The statue, which depicts Liberty throwing off her shackles and holding a beacon to light the world, was the creation of the French sculptor Frdric Auguste Bartholdi, who crafted it a hundred years after the American Revolution in recognition of solidarity

13、 between the French and American people (though its fair to add that Bartholdi originally intended the statue for Alexandria in Egypt). Bartholdi built Liberty in Paris between 1874 and 1884, starting with a terracotta model and enlarging it through four successive versions to its present size, a co

14、nstruction of thin copper sheets bolted together and supported by an iron framework designed by Gustave Eiffel. The arm carrying the torch was exhibited in Madison Square Park for seven years, but the whole statue wasnt officially accepted on behalf of the American people until 1884, after which it

15、was taken apart, crated up and shipped to New York.lToday you can climb steps up to the crown, but the cramped stairway though the torch sadly remains closed to the public. Dont be surprised if theres an hour-long wait to ascend. Even if there is, Liberty Parks views of the lower Manhattan skyline,

16、the twin towers of the World Trade Center lording it over the jutting teeth of New Yorks financial quarter, are spectacular enough.6. Washington MonumentWashington MonumentlThe Malls most prominent feature, the Washington Monument is an unadorned marble obelisk built in memory of George Washington.

17、At 555ft its the tallest all-masonry structure in the world. Volunteers started work on it in 1848, but various internal arguments, and later the Civil War, so disrupted construction that it wasnt completed until 1884. When the US Government took over the project in 1876, they used marble from a sli

18、ghtly different source; the transition line where work resumed at the 150ft level is readily apparent.To visit the monument pick up a free ticket from the 15th St kiosk (on the Mall, south of Constitution Ave), which allows you to turn up at a fixed time later in the day. The elevator up takes seven

19、ty seconds and deposits you at the 500ft level in order to enjoy the monuments panoramic 360 views of the city 7.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)墻戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)墻/越南陣亡將士紀(jì)念碑越南陣亡將士紀(jì)念碑(the Vietnam Veterans Memorial)l，坐落在華盛頓特區(qū)。整個(gè)建筑由兩面有黑色石頭組成的V字造型組成，上面按照死亡日期和失蹤年月刻滿了在越戰(zhàn)中失去的58000名美國(guó)士兵。曾有人批評(píng)建筑過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單了，可它每年仍吸引著超過(guò)150萬(wàn)游客來(lái)參觀。l 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)墻于1982年開放，是十大建筑中，最晚設(shè)計(jì)和建造的，建

20、筑師是年僅21歲的耶魯在校學(xué)生Maya Lin。還有一個(gè)理由讓我們記住這個(gè)華裔女孩，近代史上的大才女林徽因是她的姑姑，可算是出身建筑世家。l 越戰(zhàn)紀(jì)念碑，簡(jiǎn)單利落的線條，敞開的大角度V，一端指著林肯紀(jì)念碑，另一端指著華盛頓紀(jì)念碑。在兩端與地平線合而為一，還有黑色的大理石鑲嵌在高度的落差之中。就是這么簡(jiǎn)單，所以震撼如此深刻。讀到的說(shuō)明中有形容它是一本敞開著的大書。當(dāng)沿著他順著走下時(shí)，就好像是在閱讀著敘述越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)歷史的書，黑色的大理石上封存著一去不復(fù)返的士兵的名字。沒(méi)有說(shuō)明，什么都沒(méi)有。很嚴(yán)肅，很靜，卻靜水流深的感覺(jué)。8.Golden Gate BridgelThe orange towers o

21、f the Golden Gate Bridge-probably the most beautiful, certainly the most photographed bridge in the world-are visible from almost every point of elevation in San Francisco. The only cleft in Northern Californias 600-mile continental wall, for years this mile-wide strait was considered unbridgeable.

22、As much an architectural as an engineering feat, the Golden Gate took only 52 months to design and build, and was opened in 1937. Designed by Joseph Strauss, it was the first really massive suspension bridge, with a span of 4200ft, and until 1959 ranked as the worlds longest. It connects the city at

23、 its northwesterly point on the peninsula to Marin County and Northern California, rendering the hitherto essential ferry crossing redundant, and was designed to withstand winds of up to a hundred miles an hour and to swing as much as 27ft.9.The PentagonlThe Pentagon is the headquarters of the Unite

24、d States Department of Defense, located at 48 N. Rotary Road, Arlington, Virginia 22211 (Map). Its mailing address is Washington, DC 20301. As a symbol of the US military, the Pentagon is often used metonymically to refer to the Department of Defense rather than the building itself. Those who work w

25、ithin its walls often simply call it the Building. The building was dedicated on January 15, 1943. It is the highest-capacity office building in the world and one of the worlds largest buildings in terms of floor area. It houses approximately 23,000 military and civilian employees and about 3,000 non-defense support personnel. I