高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法(13)倒-裝

1、第十三章 倒裝英語(yǔ)的基本語(yǔ)序是“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”，如果將謂語(yǔ)的一部分或全部放在主語(yǔ)之前，這種語(yǔ)序叫倒裝。倒裝既是一種語(yǔ)法手段，也是一種修辭手段，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分。一、倒裝的原因A 語(yǔ)法倒裝由于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，將謂語(yǔ)的全部或一部分移到主語(yǔ)之前。 1 一般疑問句 當(dāng)我們把一個(gè)肯定句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r(shí)，常把肯定句中的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首。這類助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞包括：be， have， can， do， shall， will， may， must， dare， need， ought或 used 等。 He will do it. Will he do it？ 他會(huì)做這件事嗎？ T

2、his is my mobile phone number. Is this your mobile phone number？ 這是你的手機(jī)號(hào)碼嗎？ 提示： 如果肯定句中沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)， 我們可以在句首用do 的某種形式，以構(gòu)成倒裝語(yǔ)序。 Jack likes to eat fish. 杰克喜歡吃魚。 Does Jack like to eat fish? 杰克喜歡吃魚嗎？ 2 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句 What does he like to eat? 他喜歡吃什么？ When will they go to the Great Wall? 他們什么

3、時(shí)候去長(zhǎng)城？ Where did you go last night? 昨晚你去哪里了？ 提示：如果疑問代詞在句中做主語(yǔ)，句子不要倒裝。 Who is not coming to dinner tonight 今晚誰(shuí)不來吃飯？ 3. 反意問句 在反意問句中，用一般疑問句的形式，前后兩分句的主語(yǔ)，人稱要一致。前一分句是肯定，反意問句用否定形式，并一定要縮寫；前一分句是否定, 反意問句用肯定形式。 Everything is ready, isn't it 一切都準(zhǔn)備好了，是嗎？ Bobbie seldom got drunk, did he 博比很少喝醉，是嗎？ You had a wo

4、nderful time last night, didn't you 昨天晚上你玩得很愉快，是嗎？ 4感嘆句 英語(yǔ)中的感嘆句有時(shí)也通過倒裝的形式來表達(dá)。 Here comes Santa Clause! 圣誕老人來啦！（謂語(yǔ)前置） What bad manners they have! 他們真沒禮貌?。ㄙe語(yǔ)前置） How happy the children are！孩子們多么幸福啊?。ū碚Z(yǔ)前置） 5. 某些含有“really”意義的簡(jiǎn)短表達(dá)，也用倒裝語(yǔ)序，但它們并不需要任何回答。 - Elsa saw a snake last night. 埃爾莎昨天晚上看到一條蛇。 - Did

5、she 真的嗎？ - Our new boss is very easygoing. 我們的新老板人很隨和。 - Is he 是嗎？ - Philip has already finished his report. 菲利普已經(jīng)完成了他的報(bào)告。 - Has he 真的嗎？ 6以引導(dǎo)詞there引起的陳述句 There was nobody in the room. 房間里沒有人。 In the valley there lies a river. 山谷里有一條河。 There is no harm in trying. 不妨一試。 7虛擬條件句 在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，如果不用if，且從句中有were,

6、 had, should等助動(dòng)詞，需將助動(dòng)詞were, had, should放在句首，用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 If I were a bird, I could fly freely. Were I a bird, I could fly freely. 假如我是一只小鳥，我就能自由翱翔。 If I had known it earlier, I would have lent him the money. Had I known it earlier, I wouldnt have lent him the money. 要是我早知道這件事，我就不會(huì)把錢借給他了 表示祝愿的一些句子 Long liv

7、e peace! 和平萬(wàn)歲！ May our friendship be ever lasting! 愿我們的友誼長(zhǎng)存！8直接引語(yǔ)的一部分或全部放在句首時(shí)，主句倒裝。但是主語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí)不倒裝。 “You had better stay at home,” she said. You should have been here five minutes ago, said the teacher. 老師說：“你5分鐘之前就該來了?！?Douglas, said the teacher, do be careful next time.“道格拉斯，”老師說道，“下次一定要小心?！?B. 修辭倒裝 為

8、了突出重要的內(nèi)容，或?yàn)榱松鷦?dòng)地描寫動(dòng)作，人們往往采用修辭倒裝。 1為了強(qiáng)調(diào) Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我們從來沒有見過這樣的情景。 Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有用這種方法，我們才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。 Selfish does our life make us students. 是生活把我們的學(xué)生變得如此自私。 2為了生動(dòng)流暢 Up went the rocket into the sky. 嗖的一聲火箭上了天。 Before us lay a lot of difficultie

9、s. 我們面前有很多困難。 Happy are those who are contented. 知足者常樂。 Next came a man in his forties. 接下去進(jìn)來一個(gè)四十多歲的男人。 Long did we wait before hearing from her. 我們等了很久才收到她的信。 C. 一些句型的固定用法 Such were his last words. 他最后的話就是這樣。 Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang. 我一到家，電話就響了。 How came it that she knew the s

10、ecret 她怎么會(huì)知道那個(gè)秘密的？ 二 倒裝的種類 英語(yǔ)最基本的詞序是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面。如果將句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)完全顛倒過來，這稱之為完全倒裝。如果只將助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至主語(yǔ)之前，謂語(yǔ)的其他部分仍保留在主語(yǔ)的后面，這稱之為部分倒裝。 A. 完全倒裝 完全倒裝是將謂語(yǔ)的全部放在主語(yǔ)之前，此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)兩種。 On her left sat her husband. 她左邊坐著她丈夫。 Here is the book you want. 你要的書在這兒。 Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了。 B. 部分倒裝 部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分，

11、如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，移至主語(yǔ)之前。 Only by working hard can one succeed. 只有努力才能成功。 Never have I seen her before. 我以前沒見過她。 提示：如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。 Well do I remember the day I joined the League.入團(tuán)的那一天，我記憶猶新。 Little did I think that he could be back alive 我沒有想到他竟能活著回來。二、常見的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)A.常見的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 1

12、there be 句型。 There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk. 桌上有一個(gè)手機(jī)和一些書。 There are thousands of people gathering on the square. 廣場(chǎng)上聚集著成千上萬(wàn)的人 注意 引導(dǎo)詞there 還可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等詞。 There lived an old fisherman in the village. 村里住著一位老漁夫。 There stand two white houses by

13、the river. 河濱矗立著兩座白房子。 There existed some doubt among the students. 學(xué)生中有些懷疑。 2用于“here, there, now, thus, then + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)（名詞）”的句型中（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為be, go, come等）。注意 then(只用于過去式)： Here comes the bus汽車來了。 There goes the bell. 鈴響了。 Now comes my turn. 輪到我了。 Then came the order to take off. 起飛的命令到了。 3以out, in, up,

14、 down, off, away等副詞開頭，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是表示“移動(dòng)”的go, come, leave等句子里。 Away went the crowd one by one. 人們一個(gè)一個(gè)地離去。 In came a stranger in black. 進(jìn)來了一位穿黑衣的陌生人。 Down fell the leaves. 樹葉掉了下來。注意在完全倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)里,如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞,則用正常語(yǔ)序（不倒裝）。例如：Out he rushed. Out she went. 她走了。 Here we are. 我們到了。 4表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組位于句首，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, st

15、and, exist，live, seem to be等。 South of the lake lies a big supermarket. 湖泊的南邊是一個(gè)大超市。 20 miles east of our school lies a modern swimming pool. 我們學(xué)校向東20英里有一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的游泳池。 On the floor were piles of old books, magazines and newspapers. 地板上是一堆堆舊的書報(bào)雜志。 5. “表語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。 Lucky is she who was admitted to a fam

16、ous university last year. 她很幸運(yùn)，去年被一所名牌大學(xué)錄取。 Gone are the days when he was looked down upon. 他被人看不起的日子一去不復(fù)返了。 Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists. 一些知名的科學(xué)家出席了會(huì)議。B.常見的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 1. 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞（如not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere等）放在句首時(shí)。 He can not speak a single word of

17、 English. Not a single word of English can he speak. 他連一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞都不會(huì)說。 He cares little about his clothes. Little does he care about his clothes. 他不在乎穿著。 I have never seen him before.Never have I seen him before.Never before have I seen him. 我以前沒見過他。 The mother didn't leave the room until the child f

18、ell asleep. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 孩子睡著了，媽媽才離開房間。(Not until引出的主從復(fù)合句中，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。) Churchill was not only a statesman, but a poet Not only was Churchill a statesman, but a poet. 丘吉爾不僅是個(gè)政治家，而且還是個(gè)詩(shī)人。 I shall by no means give up. By no means shall I give up. 我決不放棄

19、。 必背：表示“剛就”的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) Hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain. 他剛要離開，天就下起了雨。 Scarcely had he sat down when his mobile phone rang. 他剛坐下，手機(jī)就響了。 No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes. 他剛交卷就意識(shí)到出錯(cuò)了。 2. 副詞only +狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí)。 Only then did I see life was not easy. 只有那時(shí)我才知道生活

20、是不易的。 Only in this way can you use the computer well. 只有用這種方法你才能把電腦學(xué)好。 Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 只有他病重時(shí)，他才待在床上。（only+狀語(yǔ)從句，從句不倒裝，主句倒裝） 3. so作“也”講時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序，表示前面所說的肯定情況也適用于另一人(或物)。其句型是：So + be（have，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+主語(yǔ)。 She has been to Tokyo. So have I. 她去過東京，我也去過。 He can send

21、emails to his former classmates. So can she. 他能電子郵件給以前的同學(xué)，她也能。 He went to the film last night. So did I. 昨天晚上他去看電影了，我也去了。 注意：主語(yǔ)與前句相同，表贊同, 譯為“確實(shí)如此”。如果對(duì)前面所說的內(nèi)容，加以肯定，或不作“也”講而只起連詞作用，表示一種結(jié)果的意思，那不倒裝。 - Jack won the first prize in the contest. 杰克在比賽中獲一等獎(jiǎng)。 - So he did. 確實(shí)是的。 - It is cold today. 今天很冷。 - So i

22、t is and so was it yesterday. 確實(shí)是很冷，昨天也很冷。 His mother told him to go to the film. - So he did. 他母親叫他去看電影，他就去了。 4Neither/nor引導(dǎo)的句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序，用于對(duì)前面所說的否定內(nèi)容表示同樣的看法。 She wont go. Neither/Nor will I. 她不走，我也不。 I cannot swim. Neither can he. 我不會(huì)游泳，他也不會(huì)。 注意：如果前面所說的內(nèi)容既有肯定又有否定（表示前句內(nèi)容也適用于另外的人或事），或前后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不一致時(shí)（前句如果列舉

23、了兩種事實(shí)以上），用“It is the same with +主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)或用“So it is with +主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)（即用 “So it is/was with sb/sth.”回答）。 -Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. -So it is with his father. He worked hard, but didn't pass the exam. So it was with his sister. 他很努力，但沒有通過考試。他妹妹也是這樣。（既有肯定又有否定） She is a teacher and she

24、enjoys teaching. So it is with Mr. Li. 她是老師，熱愛教書。李先生也是這樣。（謂語(yǔ)一個(gè)是系動(dòng)詞，一個(gè)是行為動(dòng)詞） 5. “so.that.和“such.that.”結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首時(shí)。 He was so excited that he could not say a word. So excited was he that he could not say a word. 他如此激動(dòng)以至于一句話都說不出來。 His anger was such that he lost control of himself. Such was his an

25、ger that he lost control of himself. 他是如此地生氣，以至于他不能控制自己了。 6一些表示頻率的副詞（如many a time, often等）位于句首時(shí)。 I have seen her taking a walk alone many a time. Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone. 我多次看到她獨(dú)自一人在散步。 She often came to my house in the past. Often did she come to my house in the past. 過去她常到我

26、家來。 7表示方式、程度的副詞位于句首時(shí)。 Well do I remember the day when I joined the League. 我對(duì)入團(tuán)的那一天還記憶猶新。 Gladly would I accept your proposal. 我很高興接受你的建議。 8非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + be + 主語(yǔ)。 Covering much of the earth's surface is a blanket of water. 覆蓋地球大部分表面的是水。 Also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies.

27、同時(shí)還討論了我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中碰到的問題。 First to unfold was the map of the world. 首先要打開的是世界地圖。C. 常見的其他形式的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 1賓語(yǔ)位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào) The past one can know, but the future one can only feel. 一個(gè)人可以明知過去，但只能感悟未來。 What Julia did I cannot imagine. 我想象不出朱莉婭做了什么。 2the .more. the more .結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝 The harder you work, the happier you feel. 你越努力

28、工作，就越覺得快樂。（表語(yǔ)提前） The more you study, the more you know. 你學(xué)得越多，就明白越多。（賓語(yǔ)提前） 提示： 有時(shí)從句倒裝，主句不倒裝。 I like the painting better the more I look at it. 我越看這幅畫，就越喜歡它。 3As/though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝 表語(yǔ)提前，構(gòu)成倒裝。 Though she is very pretty, she is not clever. Pretty though she is, she is not clever雖然她很漂亮，但是她不聰明。 Althoug

29、h it may appear strange, it is true. Disabled as he was, he tried his best to serve the people. 雖然他殘疾了，但他仍盡力為人民服務(wù)。 Although he is a child, he speaks fluent English. Child as he is, he speaks fluent English. 雖然他是個(gè)孩子，但能講流利的英語(yǔ)。（名詞單數(shù)前不用不定冠詞a） Though he is the shortest, he is the richest of the three. Shortest as he is, he is the richest of the three. 雖然他是三個(gè)人中最矮的，卻是最富有的。（形容詞最高級(jí)前去定冠詞the） 動(dòng)詞提前，構(gòu)成倒裝。 Though they searched, they could not find anything i