第三章經(jīng)貿(mào)翻譯

1、第三章第三章 經(jīng)貿(mào)翻譯經(jīng)貿(mào)翻譯首先，在國際商務(wù)活動中，人們時常發(fā)現(xiàn)，商情瞬間多變，商機稍縱即逝，因而人們注重的是辦事人們注重的是辦事的效率，語言的交流看重信息的傳遞，戒除無的效率，語言的交流看重信息的傳遞，戒除無謂的空談。謂的空談。其次，在國際商務(wù)活動中，由于人們的工作目標和工作結(jié)果均與經(jīng)濟利益掛鉤，稍有疏忽就有可能蒙受經(jīng)濟損失，因而語言的交流力求表達準確、責(zé)語言的交流力求表達準確、責(zé)任分明。任分明。再則，在國際商務(wù)活動中，由于人們工作的對象和內(nèi)容往往處于相對固定的領(lǐng)域，因而語言的交流帶語言的交流帶有很強的專業(yè)性。有很強的專業(yè)性。 3.1文體特點文體特點3.1.1 用詞簡潔用詞簡潔1）docu

2、ments against payment 付款交單付款交單2）freight forward 運費到付運費到付 3) in your favour 以你方為受益人以你方為受益人4）backlog of orders 尚未交付的訂單尚未交付的訂單5）cable extension of L/C 電告信用證展期通知電告信用證展期通知6) All sales are final. 貨物售出，概不退換。貨物售出，概不退換。 3.1.2 語言明確語言明確友誼飯店招聘接待人員友誼飯店招聘接待人員-男，二十二歲以下男，二十二歲以下-高中畢業(yè)高中畢業(yè)-懂英語懂英語-無須有經(jīng)驗無須有經(jīng)驗有意應(yīng)征者請將中文簡歷

3、連同近照寄本市有意應(yīng)征者請將中文簡歷連同近照寄本市550信箱，信箱，10月月20日截止。日截止。Friendship Hotel needs receptions-Male, under 22-High school graduate preferred -Knowing English-Experience not required Application in Chinese resume with recent photo to local P.O. Box 550, by Oct.203.1.3 行文嚴謹行文嚴謹1) This Agreement is made and entered

4、 into in Shanghai on 18th May, 2003 by and between AAA（hereinafter referred to as the “Sellers”）and BBB （hereinafter referred to as the “Buyers”） 本協(xié)議有本協(xié)議有AAA（以下稱（以下稱“賣方賣方”）和）和BBB（以下稱（以下稱“買方買方”）于）于2003年年5月月18日在上海簽訂。日在上海簽訂。2）In the event the Buyer does not furnish the Sellers with shipping information

5、 on or before May 19,2003,the Seller may at his option cancel this contract .若買方未在2003年5月19日或在此之前向賣方提供裝船通知，賣方可撤銷本合同。3）Any and all notices and communications in connection with the Contract shall be written in the English Language.所有與本合同有關(guān)的通知和通訊均用英文書寫。4）Shipment is to be made in two equal lots at an

6、interval of 30 days. 貨分兩批按相等的數(shù)量間隔30天裝運。5) The packing of our Mens Shirts is each in a polybag, 5 dozen to a carton lined with waterproof paper and bound with two iron straps outside.我方男襯衫的包裝為每件套一塑料袋，5打裝一紙箱，內(nèi)襯防潮紙，外打鐵箍兩道。3.1.4 措辭委婉措辭委婉1）Enclosed please find a copy of our price list.隨函寄上我方的價目表一份，請查收。隨函

7、寄上我方的價目表一份，請查收。2）However ,up to the present writing, we have not had the pleasure of hearing from you.然而，迄今為止未見貴方賜復(fù)。然而，迄今為止未見貴方賜復(fù)。3） We should be much obliged if you could make us a firm offer for 100 tons.如能報給我方一個一百噸的實盤，我方將不勝感激。如能報給我方一個一百噸的實盤，我方將不勝感激。4） If you will kindly inform us as to his financ

8、ial standing, reliability and reputation for paying bills , we shall greatly appreciate the favor.如蒙貴方將他的信用狀況、財務(wù)狀況及付款方面的如蒙貴方將他的信用狀況、財務(wù)狀況及付款方面的信譽情況告知我方，我方將非常感謝。信譽情況告知我方，我方將非常感謝。3.2 翻譯要點翻譯要點3.2.1準確傳情達意準確傳情達意表述準確是翻譯的基本要求。雖然文無定法，表述準確是翻譯的基本要求。雖然文無定法，詞無定義，然而古今中外，無論是詞無定義，然而古今中外，無論是 嚴復(fù)的嚴復(fù)的 “信、達、雅信、達、雅”的標準，還

9、是的標準，還是 林語堂的林語堂的 “忠實、通順、美忠實、通順、美”的標準，抑或是的標準，抑或是 尤金尤金奈達的奈達的 “達意、傳神、語言順暢自然、讀者反達意、傳神、語言順暢自然、讀者反應(yīng)類似應(yīng)類似”的標準，的標準，幾乎所有的翻譯流派均以如實地表達源語所表達的幾乎所有的翻譯流派均以如實地表達源語所表達的內(nèi)容為翻譯的要旨，以正確傳達源語所蘊涵的思想內(nèi)容為翻譯的要旨，以正確傳達源語所蘊涵的思想感情為翻譯的目的。感情為翻譯的目的。而經(jīng)貿(mào)翻譯，由于涉及當事人雙方或多方經(jīng)濟利益，而經(jīng)貿(mào)翻譯，由于涉及當事人雙方或多方經(jīng)濟利益，因而對翻譯準確性的要求則更為嚴格。實現(xiàn)經(jīng)貿(mào)翻因而對翻譯準確性的要求則更為嚴格。實現(xiàn)

10、經(jīng)貿(mào)翻譯的準確性須注意把握經(jīng)貿(mào)英語以下幾種詞類的詞譯的準確性須注意把握經(jīng)貿(mào)英語以下幾種詞類的詞義：義：1.專業(yè)詞專業(yè)詞2.普通詞普通詞3.成對的同義詞和相關(guān)的詞成對的同義詞和相關(guān)的詞1.專業(yè)詞專業(yè)詞 Please quote us your lowest price CIF London for walnut.請報我方胡桃最低倫敦到岸價?！癈IF”（或c.i.f）系“cost,insurance,freight”的縮寫，即“到岸價格”（成本、保險費加運費）。 在商務(wù)信函中，這類專業(yè)性的縮寫很多，如“FOB” (free on board) “船上交貨”，“FOR” （free on rail）

11、 “火車上交貨”，“a/c,A/C” (account) “現(xiàn)金賬戶”，“o.o.” (on order) “訂購貨物”，“可供貨物”“RRP” （recommended retail price） 建議零售價，“WR” （warehouse receipt） “棧單”，“倉單”等。 In the event of force majeure ma or any other contingencies beyond our control, we shall not be held responsible for the late delivery or non-delivery of the

12、 goods.如果發(fā)生不可抗力事件，或我們無法控制的其他意外事情，我方對遲交或不交貨概不負責(zé)。2.普通詞普通詞在經(jīng)貿(mào)英語中還存在許多以普通詞匯表達經(jīng)貿(mào)專業(yè)在經(jīng)貿(mào)英語中還存在許多以普通詞匯表達經(jīng)貿(mào)專業(yè)術(shù)語詞義的現(xiàn)象。術(shù)語詞義的現(xiàn)象。 “protection”，在經(jīng)貿(mào)英語中其意為在經(jīng)貿(mào)英語中其意為“備款以支付備款以支付”?！癶onour”承兌（票據(jù)）承兌（票據(jù)）“down payment”（分期付款）首付款，定金；（分期付款）首付款，定金；“with average”水漬險；水漬險；水漬險（With Particular Average，簡稱W.P.A.），又稱“單獨海損險”，英文原意是指單獨海損

13、負責(zé)賠償，海洋運輸貨物保險的主要險別之一。水漬險的責(zé)任范圍除了包括上列“平安險”的各項責(zé)任外，還負責(zé)被保險貨物由于惡劣氣候、雷電、海嘯、地震、洪水等自然災(zāi)害所造成的部分損失。在經(jīng)貿(mào)英語中有一些約定俗成的表述方法。例如，在經(jīng)貿(mào)英語中有一些約定俗成的表述方法。例如，“meet each other half way ”“雙方作同等的讓步雙方作同等的讓步”“can see many years service”“可使用很多年可使用很多年”“should not be regarded as a precedent（先例；（先例；慣例慣例 ）；）；“下不為例下不為例”“unless otherwise

14、 agreed”“除非另有約定除非另有約定”“to be subject to change without previous notice”“可隨時修改，不預(yù)先通知可隨時修改，不預(yù)先通知”。這類約定俗成的表述方法值得從事經(jīng)貿(mào)翻譯的譯者這類約定俗成的表述方法值得從事經(jīng)貿(mào)翻譯的譯者搜集和積累，逐步做到對這些約定俗成的表述方法搜集和積累，逐步做到對這些約定俗成的表述方法了然于胸，以便在翻譯有關(guān)的語句時能自如地運用，了然于胸，以便在翻譯有關(guān)的語句時能自如地運用，使譯文自然、得體、通暢。使譯文自然、得體、通暢。Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any or

15、ders or to collect any accounts on and after May 28.自5月28日起，甲方無權(quán)接受訂單或賬單。The date of the receipt issued by transportation department concerned shall be regarded as the date of delivery of the goods.由承運的承運的運輸機構(gòu)所開具的收據(jù)日期即被視為交貨日期。3. 成對的同義詞或相關(guān)的詞成對的同義詞或相關(guān)的詞any and all 同義詞或近義詞并列結(jié)構(gòu)有形容詞性的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，同義詞或近義詞并列結(jié)構(gòu)有形容詞性

16、的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，如如“null and void ，無效；無效； 作廢作廢sole and exclusive, 唯一的、不涉及其它的唯一的、不涉及其它的“effective and efficient” , “final and conclusive” , “true and correct” ；有名詞性的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，如有名詞性的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，如 “force and effect”,不宜譯成不宜譯成“力量和作用力量和作用”，而宜譯作，而宜譯作“效力效力” “type and kind ”, “terms and conditions ”, “條款條款” “power and authority ”,

17、 “obligation and responsibilities”; 有動詞性的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，如有動詞性的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，如“furnish and provide”，“提供提供” “accept and assume”，承擔承擔 “bind and obligate”,迫使迫使 “finish and complete”, “relieve and discharge” , 解除；清償債務(wù)解除；清償債務(wù) “request and demand”,在較多的情況下，此類同義詞或近義詞并列結(jié)構(gòu)宜當在較多的情況下，此類同義詞或近義詞并列結(jié)構(gòu)宜當作一個整體對待，逐詞翻譯這類并列同義詞或近義詞作一個整體對待，逐

18、詞翻譯這類并列同義詞或近義詞詞組則會使語言顯得繁冗拖沓。詞組則會使語言顯得繁冗拖沓。 還有介詞性的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，如還有介詞性的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，如 “by and between”，“by and under”，“from and after”，“under and subject to”, “within and under the terms of ”。選擇性的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，如 “on or before May 19,2003”則需在譯文中如實表達，以體現(xiàn)經(jīng)貿(mào)英語表意的嚴謹性、周密性。 It is agreed that a margin of 2 per cent shall be allowed f

19、or over or short count.雙方同意，允許的數(shù)量誤差為正負2% 。句中over or short即為并列的反義詞，其詞義需分別譯出。Exercises:1) Should you find interest in any of the items in our catalogue, please do not hesitate to send enquiries.2)International bussiness EnglishEnglish for Academic Purpose English for Occupational Purpose English for B

20、ussiness and Economics(EBE)3)人情習(xí)俗差異（p.28）3.2.2 力求簡潔凝練力求簡潔凝練1.運用漢語四字結(jié)構(gòu)或文言句式運用漢語四字結(jié)構(gòu)或文言句式2.運用商務(wù)套語運用商務(wù)套語3.調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu)4.選用得體詞語選用得體詞語1.運用漢語四字結(jié)構(gòu)或文言句式運用漢語四字結(jié)構(gòu)或文言句式Work on small profit margins cannot grant open-account facilities薄利經(jīng)營，無法賒賬薄利經(jīng)營，無法賒賬Thanking you for your kind consideration承蒙垂注，謹致謝意承蒙垂注，謹致謝意We

21、 should be much obliged for any information as to the standing of the firm, and you may rest assured that anything thus communicated will go no further.如蒙惠告該公司的信用狀況，我方將不勝感如蒙惠告該公司的信用狀況，我方將不勝感激。對任何有關(guān)的資料，我們將予以保密，激。對任何有關(guān)的資料，我們將予以保密，敬請放心。敬請放心。I venture to invite you to have a look at our stand, and you m

22、ay rest assured that you will not be pressed to buy.本人冒昧地邀請貴方光顧我方展臺，購買與本人冒昧地邀請貴方光顧我方展臺，購買與否，悉聽尊便。否，悉聽尊便。All disputes arising from the execution of, or in connection with, this contract shall be amicably settled through friendly negotiation.amicablymkbli友善地；和平地友善地；和平地凡因執(zhí)行本合同而發(fā)生的或與本合同有關(guān)的一切爭議，均須通過雙方友好協(xié)

23、商解決。We are sorry to inform that your claim against us for short weight is unsuited to the international insurance claim standards.歉告你方提出的短重索賠與國際保險索賠的標準不符。2.運用商務(wù)套語運用商務(wù)套語（1）茲通告，友誼公司將采取一切必要的措施，）茲通告，友誼公司將采取一切必要的措施，追究任何未經(jīng)許可制造或銷售注有友誼公司商標的追究任何未經(jīng)許可制造或銷售注有友誼公司商標的當事人。當事人。 Notice is hereby given that FRIENDSHI

24、P Ltd. Will take all necessary measures against any party manufacturing and/or selling any garments bearing the trade mark of “FRIENDSHIP” without being authorized.(2)自二零零三年四月十五日起，張莉女士與自二零零三年四月十五日起，張莉女士與本公司脫離關(guān)系。特此通告。本公司脫離關(guān)系。特此通告。Notice is hereby given that Mrs. Zhang Li is no longer connected with o

25、ur Company, with effect from April 15, 2003.(3) x x x (hereinafter referred to as the “Buyer”) as one party and ccc (hereinafter referred to as the “Seller”) as the other party agree to sign the present Contract under the following terms and conditions.本合同由xxx（以下稱“買方”）為一方，ccc（以下稱“賣方”）為另一方，根據(jù)以下條款簽訂。3

26、調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu) Minutes of the Directors MeetingA Directors Meeting was held on Friday ,May 30,2003 at 9:00a.m.at the meeting room of the Company, Mr. Seers in the chair.Present: Mr. Senear Mr. Lund Mr. Krute Mr. Poage Mrs. Sandie Mr. Seers 董事會會議記錄董事會會議記錄時間：二零零三年五月三十日上午九時時間：二零零三年五月三十日上午九時地點：公司會議室地點：公司會

27、議室出席者：賽尼爾先生，倫德先生，克魯特先出席者：賽尼爾先生，倫德先生，克魯特先生，波格先生，桑迪夫人，西爾斯先生生，波格先生，桑迪夫人，西爾斯先生主席：西爾斯先生主席：西爾斯先生We inform you that your order has been dispatched(派遣；發(fā)送派遣；發(fā)送).貴方所定貨物業(yè)已付運，特此奉告。貴方所定貨物業(yè)已付運，特此奉告。We acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 5th inst. and regret to learn that you are unable to extend the subject

28、 LC. LC信用證信用證L/C (=letter of credit) 本月五日來函收悉。獲悉貴方未能將標題所列之信用證予以展期，深感遺憾。4.選用得體詞語選用得體詞語譯文的文體風(fēng)格譯文的文體風(fēng)格(語體色彩語體色彩)是否與原文相似，是否與原文相似，在很大程度上取決于譯文選用的詞語。語言在很大程度上取決于譯文選用的詞語。語言就其交流形式而言，可分就其交流形式而言，可分 書面語書面語 口頭語，口頭語，語言就其使用的語境而言，亦有語言就其使用的語境而言，亦有 雅俗之分。雅俗之分。 cute, guy ,nasty ,dying, awful, gorgeous 常用于非正式場合的日常會話 。這些詞

29、句有很強的口語色彩，正式程度較低，不宜用于商務(wù)應(yīng)用文書。cute 可愛的；聰明的，精明的，伶俐的；漂亮的 guy ,家伙；(男)人 nasty ,下流的；嚴重的；令人不快的；難懂的；危害的 dying, awful, 糟糕的；可怕的；充滿敬畏的；難受的 gorgeous華麗的；燦爛的；極好的就連接詞而言，有些連接詞詞義相近，單正式程度卻有高低之別，如and ,yet ,also, than, so, but等常用于 口語，而 furthermore ,however, nevertheless, whereas, whereupon等則常見于 書面語。同樣，英譯漢時亦需漢語詞匯語氣的雅俗之分，

30、語義的專泛之別。例如在商務(wù)應(yīng)用文書中，offer“發(fā)盤”、“報價”，“開價”（x）port “口岸”、 “港口” ， “碼頭”；（x）document ”單據(jù)“、”單證“，“文件”（x）collection托收“；enquiry”詢價“、”詢盤“；凡此種種，不一而足。這些例子說明，譯文詞語的選擇，既要考慮詞語的語氣程度，亦要考慮在國際商務(wù)語境中某個單詞特定的語義。只有選擇得體的詞語，并且采用合適的句式，才能保證譯文與原文的文體風(fēng)格相一致。才能使譯文成為”形似神似“的理想佳作。參考文獻翁鳳翔，實用翻譯，杭州：浙江大學(xué)出版社，2002年。馮慶華，文體翻譯論，上海：上海外語教育出版社，2002年。將

31、下列各句譯成中文：1. All debts due to and liabilities of my late firm have been taken over by Mr. C.P. and will accordingly be payable to and by him respectively.2. The foregoing information is given to you on the clear understanding that it is treated as strictly confidential.3. We should feel obliged, ther

32、efore, by your acquainting us, as early as may be convenient, whether your firm either have or are desirous of having an agent here.4. We wrote you on June 1, 2003 in reply to your enquiry for camcorders. However, up to the present writing, we have not had the pleasure of hearing from you. Your sile

33、nce leads us to think that there must be something that precludes you from making further enquiries.5. We have honor to inform you that we have furnished Mr. B with a letter of credit for $20 000 on your bank. Please take note thereof, and honor his draft on presentation.6. In the event that the shi

34、pment should not be made within the time stated in the Contract, the Buyer may make the purchase elsewhere and charge the Seller for any loss incurred, unless the delay in shipment is due to unforeseeable causes beyond ones control, for which the Seller is not responsible.7. If both Parties find the

35、 execution of this Agreement satisfactory and consider the extension or renewal of this Agreement necessary, either Party shall inform the other Party of the extension or renewal one month prior to the expiration of this Agreement and it will take effect only after the unanimous consent of both Part

36、ies through negotiation; otherwise, this Agreement shall automatically be of no effect upon its expiration.將下列各句譯成英語：將下列各句譯成英語：1.本合同自簽字之日起生效，直至雙方所有的遺本合同自簽字之日起生效，直至雙方所有的遺留問題，包括財務(wù)問題，處理完畢之日止。留問題，包括財務(wù)問題，處理完畢之日止。2. 本合同在首頁標明的日期生效。本合同用中、本合同在首頁標明的日期生效。本合同用中、英文寫成，中、英文具有同等效力。雙方各執(zhí)一英文寫成，中、英文具有同等效力。雙方各執(zhí)一份。份。3. 隨

37、函附寄我公司報價單，該報價單僅限一月內(nèi)隨函附寄我公司報價單，該報價單僅限一月內(nèi)有效。我公司產(chǎn)品選材精良，工藝精湛，在造型有效。我公司產(chǎn)品選材精良，工藝精湛，在造型和耐用性方面無與倫比。和耐用性方面無與倫比。4. “不可抗力不可抗力” 系指任何超出雙方合理的控制系指任何超出雙方合理的控制力所發(fā)生的，阻礙或延誤本合同履行的事件。力所發(fā)生的，阻礙或延誤本合同履行的事件。5.若投保若投?！耙磺须U一切險”，在承包期內(nèi)發(fā)生意外事，在承包期內(nèi)發(fā)生意外事故，無論發(fā)生于海上或是陸上，保險公司將故，無論發(fā)生于海上或是陸上，保險公司將賠償投保貨物的全部損失或部分損失。賠償投保貨物的全部損失或部分損失。1. This

38、 Contract shall become effective upon and from the date when it is signed and shall remain valid until all outstanding issues including the financial matters between the parties hereto (對此對此, 到此為止) have been resolved.2. This Contract is entered into on the day, month, year as stated in the first pag

39、e of this Contract in Chinese and English. Both Chinese and English shall have equal effect. Each Party keeps one copy of the text.3. Enclosed are our quotations 價目價目,which are open for one month only. Our products are of the finest materials and exquisite craftsmanship, and are second to none in de

40、sign and durability.4. “FORCE MAJEURE” shall mean any concurrence同時發(fā)生同時發(fā)生beyond the reasonable control of the Parties, preventing or delaying, the performance of this Contract.5. For the cover of All Risk the insurance company shall be liable for total or partial loss on land or sea of the insured goods within the period covered by the insurance.將下列各句譯成英語：將下列各句譯成英語：1.本合同自簽字之日起生效，直至雙方所有本合同自簽字之日起生效，直至雙方所有的遺留問題，包括財務(wù)問題，處理完畢之日的遺