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1、一、Fill in the blanks (1×10 = 10) 1. The four basic types of bonding arrangements which hold atoms together are the _ bond, _ bond, ionic bond and the
2、van der Waals forces. 2. One of the main factors on the brittle nature of glass is the _. 3. The small molecules in polymers are termed _, the reactions
3、60;by which they combine are termed _. 4. A property of a material is determined by analyzing the _ of the material to some outside influence, generally by mean
4、s of a _ standard test. 5. Hardened concrete should be _, strong, watertight and resistant to abrasion. 6. It is the behavior and properties of the _ that
5、generally control the properties of composites. 7. _ is not only one of the most abundant elements in the earths crust, but it is also the most abundant metal
6、160;in the earths crust. 二、True or false (indicate with “” or “×”, 1×10 = 10) 1. All amorphous materials are glasses. 2. Magnesium is the lightest of all
7、160;structural metals. 3. Al2O3 纖維和Al基體組成顆粒增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料。 4. The constituent atoms of glass and ceramics are stacked together in a regular repeating pattern. 5. The weight ratio of
8、160;water to cement in concrete is called water-cement ratio. 6. The copper-zinc alloys are referred to as brasses. 7. The basic unit of the traditional ceramic is t
9、he SiO4 tetrahedron. 8. 纖維增強(qiáng)樹脂是一種復(fù)合材料,而混凝土不是復(fù)合材料。 9. The aluminum oxide is (Al2O3) is typical type of metal and is a good heat and electric conductor. 10. The crystalline
10、 state of a solid is more stable than amorphous state. 三、Choose the right answer (1×10 = 10) 1. More than 90% of the glass in use is based on oxi
11、des and in particular _. a. oxides b. salts c. calcium d. silica 2. A material that will not deform plastically under
12、load is said to be _. Excessive cold working causes loss of _. a. tough b. brittle c. value d. ductility 3. Most
13、 metals occur in nature as compounds which must be _ to free the metal. a. reduced b. oxidized c. extracted d. excavated 4. Polymers
14、vary in their mechanical behavior depending on the degree of _ , degree of crosslinking, and the values of Tg and Tm. 歷史老照片不能說的秘密慈禧軍閥明末清初文革晚清a. structure b. crystallini
15、ty c. melting point d.Tg 5. One of the main factors on the brittle nature of glass is the presence of _. a. surface defect b ionic bonds
16、; c. chemical reaction d. physical properties 6. The two main raw materials for producing cement are limestone and _. a. iron b. aluminum
17、c. coal d. clay 7. The ductility of a material is investigated with the _ test. a. compression b. shear c. tensile d. t
18、orsion 8. 用鋁合金制作門窗是利用鋁合金_的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 a. 不易腐蝕 b. 硬度較大 c. 熔點(diǎn)較低 d. 導(dǎo)熱良好 9. The chain polymerization starts with the _ reaction. a. initiation
19、0;b. addition polymerization c. propagation d. termination 四、Terms and definitions (4×5 = 20) 1. Polymer 2. Ductility 3. Free radical 4. Physical propertie
20、s 5. Packing factor 五、Questions and replies (8×4 = 32) 1. How are the porosity defined in normal ceramics based on the connectivity and how is the&
21、#160;strength of ceramics affected by pores 2. How many kinds of composites can be classified based on the form of the matrix? Please list the factors influencing th
22、e properties of the polymer-matrix composites. 3. Please explain why metals are good electrical conductors and most ceramics are good electrical insulators in regard to their&
23、#160;atomic bonding. 4. 簡述填料在復(fù)合材料中的作用。 六、Read and discuss (9×2 = 18) 1. Ceramic materials are generally things like tile, bricks, plates, glass, and toilets. They can
24、60;be found in products like watches (quartz tuning forks-the time keeping devices in watches), snow skies (piezoelectric-ceramics that stress when a voltage is applied to the
25、m), automobiles (sparkplugs and ceramic engine parts found in racecars), and phone lines. They can also be found on space shuttles, appliances (enamel coatings), and airplanes
26、 (nose cones). Depending on their method of formation, ceramics can be dense or lightweight. Typically, they will demonstrate excellent strength and hardness properties; however,
27、160;they are often brittle in nature. Ceramics can also be formed to serve as electrically conductive materials, objects allowing electricity to pass through their mass, or
28、60;insulators, materials preventing the flow of electricity. Some ceramics, like superconductors, also display magnetic properties. Question: Please explain the major advantages of
29、60;ceramics that we consider when choosing the ceramic for certain applications and main disadvantage? 2. Strength test of concrete is undoubtedly the most common type o
30、f test to evaluate the properties of hardened concrete. The compressive strength of concrete at 28 days is almost universally adopted as the basis for structural calculat
31、ions. It is also used to designate concrete. When concrete is placed on site, samples of concrete are taken to make cubes (or cylinders) that are cured in a
32、0;specified condition and tested at different ages. Question: Please explain why the strength of concrete is generally used to evaluate the quality of hardened concrete
33、. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案( A卷 ) 一、Fill in the blanks (1×10 = 10) 1. metallic, covalent 2. surface defect. 3. monomers, polimerization . 4. reaction, normalized 5. durable 6
34、. interface 7. Aluminum 二、True or false (1×10 = 10) (×) () (×) (×) () () (×) (×) (×) () 三、Choose the right answer (1×10
35、60;= 10) 1. (d) 2. (b, d) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (a) 四、Terms and definitions (4×5 = 20) 1. Polymer: macr
36、omolecules built up by the linking together of large numbers of much smaller molecules. 2. Ductility: The property that allows a metal to deform permanently when loaded
37、160;in tension. 3. Free radical: it is simply a molecule with an unpaired electron. 4. Physical properties: The behavior of materials subjected to the action of temperatu
38、re, electric or magnetic fields or light. 5. Packing factor: The ratio of the volume of all elementary particles per elementary cell to the total volume of the
39、elementary cell. 五、Questions and replies (8×4 = 32) 1. Many applications that use advanced ceramics are limited by pores, which scatter light and make them opaque or
40、 translucent. Pores can also make the ceramic too brittle and ruin the flow of electrons and/or heat through the material. Questions: a. How are the porosity defined
41、 in normal ceramics based on the connectivity b. How is the strength of ceramics affected by pores Answer: a: There are two types of porosity. Open porosity
42、60;refers to the network of pores in a material that is open to the surface. 2 Closed porosity refers to those pores that have become sealed within the grain
43、60;structure 2. b: Pores affect the strength of ceramics in two ways. First, they produce stress concentrations 2. Second, pores reduce the strength of ceramics because t
44、hey reduce the cross-sectional areas over which a load can be applied 2. 2. Composite materials (or composites for short) are engineered materials made from two or&
45、#160;more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties which remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level within the finished structure.
46、60;a. How many kinds of composites can be classified based on the form of the matrix? b. Please list the factors influencing the properties of the polymer-mat
47、rix composites. Answers: Three main groups: Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs), Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs), Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) 3 Factors determining the properties of
48、60;the composite are: (1) the properties of the fibre 1; (2) the properties of the resin 1; (3) the ratio of fibre to resin in the com
49、posite (Fibre Volume Fraction (FVF) 2; (4) the geometry and orientation of the fibres in the composite 1 3. Please explain why metals are good electric
50、al conductors and most ceramics are good electrical insulators in regard to their atomic bonding. Answer: Metals: metallic bonding, there are free electrons3.
51、160;The free movement of electrons accounts for the high electrical and heat conductivity of metals 2. Ceramics: ionic bonding and covalent bonding2, there are no
52、 free electrons1. 4. 簡述填料在復(fù)合材料中的作用。 答:填料可以提高復(fù)合材料的強(qiáng)度和剛度2,提高復(fù)合材料的耐熱性和沖擊韌性2,降低基體樹脂的固化放熱和固化收縮,以及提高制品的尺寸穩(wěn)定性2。但填料的加入也會增加樹脂體系的黏度,其適用的成型工藝受到一定程度的限制,且會對樹脂的固化和儲存期產(chǎn)生一定的影響2。 六、Read and discuss (9×2 = 18) 3. Ceramics are
53、 all around us. This category of materials includes things like tile, bricks, plates, glass, and toilets. Ceramics can be found in products like watches (quartz tuning
54、60;forks-the time keeping devices in watches), snow skies (piezoelectric-ceramics that stress when a voltage is applied to them), automobiles (sparkplugs and ceramic engine parts f
55、ound in racecars), and phone lines. They can also be found on space shuttles, appliances (enamel coatings), and airplanes (nose cones). Depending on their method of forma
56、tion, ceramics can be dense or lightweight. Typically, they will demonstrate excellent strength and hardness properties; however, they are often brittle in nature. Ceramics can
57、0;also be formed to serve as electrically conductive materials, objects allowing electricity to pass through their mass, or insulators, materials preventing the flow of electricity
58、. Some ceramics, like superconductors, also display magnetic properties. Question: please explain the major properties of ceramics that we consider when choosing the ceramic
59、for certain applications? Answers: Advantage: (1) extreme hardness 2; (2) heat resistance 2; (3) corrosion resistance 2; (4) low electrical and thermal conductivity 2 D
60、isavantage: low ductility or brittleness 1 4. Strength test of concrete is undoubtedly the most common type of test to evaluate the properties of hardened concrete
61、. The compressive strength of concrete at 28 days is almost universally adopted as the basis for structural calculations. It is also used to designate concrete. When
62、;concrete is placed on site, samples of concrete are taken to make cubes (or cylinders) that are cured in a specified condition and tested at different ages. Q
63、uestion: please explain why the strength of concrete is generally used to evaluate the quality of hardened concrete. Answers: (1) the strength of concrete in compression
64、, tension, shear or a combination of these has a direct influence on the load carrying capacity of both plain and the reinforced structures 3. (2) of all
65、the properties of hardened concrete, those concerning strength can usually be determined most easily 3. (3) by means of correlations with other more complicated tests, the
66、0;results of strength tests can be used as qualitative indications of other properties of hardened concrete一、Fill in the blanks (1×10 = 10) 1. The advantage of micro
67、wave heating is that it is extremely _ . 2. The mechanical properties of ceramics are good in_ , The greatest weakness
68、0;is_ 3. Ferrous Alloys normally contains major phases, called austenite_, _ , _ , martensitic.4. The components as well as the i
69、nterface between them can usually be _ identified. 5. Surface treatment of reinforcing materials is done to_ the adhesion of fillers and
70、0;fibers to matrix resin by_ the surface of the solid. 6. The properties of materials are defined by the nature of their chemical bonds, t
71、heir_ ordering and their _ . 二、True or false (indicate with “” or “×”, 1×10 = 10) 1. All amorphous materials are&
72、#160;glasses. 2. Aluminum alloys offer superior specific strength in high temperatures. 3. The properties of crystals are different in various crystallographic directions. 4. Titanium
73、160;alloys have lower density and high strength. 5. Most of life and industrial glass are made from silica and silicate glasses. 6. Magnesium is the lightest of all&
74、#160;structural metals. 7. Glasses is made from elements, simple chemical compounds, complex organic molecules, salt mixtures and alloys. 8. Glass when newly formed, with a
75、160;perfect surface, is very strong about five times as strong as steel. 9. MMC、PMC、CMC are all composite, and matrix are metal, ceramic and organic polymer. 10. 玻璃化溫度和熔點(diǎn)
76、是表征聚合物熱性能的重要指標(biāo)。. 三、Choose the right answer (1×10 = 10) 1. Which of the following descriptions would not be applicable to ceramics? a. Mixed ionic and covalent bondi
77、ng b. Brittle c. Hard d. Ductile 2. 組成鑄鐵的基本元素是_. a. O; b. C; c. S; d. Si; e. F
78、e; f. Al; g. P 3. 低合金鋼合金元素含量_,而高合金鋼_。 a.<2%; b.<5%; c. >10%; d.>13% 4. Hardened concrete should be durable, strong, watertight a
79、nd resistant to abrasion. All of these properties are influenced by the _ of the Portland cement paste. a. quantity b. weight percent c. quality d. density
80、60;5. The major phases in Portland cement are:_,_,_ and ferrite. a. alite b. limestone c. aluminate d. belite e. silica f. calcium sulfate g. fe
81、rrite 歷史老照片不能說的秘密慈禧軍閥明末清初文革晚清四、Terms and definitions (4×5 = 20) 1. Composite 2. Fatigue limit 3. Brass 4. Physical properties 5. Workability 五、Questions
82、;and replies (8×4 = 32) 1. 指出原子鍵的四種類型;簡述各性能特點(diǎn);為各鍵型舉例一種材料。 2. What are the differences between ceramics and glass in structure, properties and manufacturing methods? Answer: 3
83、. What are the main mechanical properties of a material investigated with the tensile test? 4. Please list the three reactions during the addition polymerization process
84、and explain how the process is terminated. 六、Read and discuss (9×2 = 18) 1. Concrete has several unusual characteristics that make it the most versatile and wi
85、dely used of all construction materials. Freshly mixed concrete is a combination of aggregates (inert materials) and a paste composed of Portland cement and water. The ag
86、gregates generally used are sand and gravel or crushed stone. These aggregates have no cementing value of their own; their function in concrete is to serve as a
87、;filler. The cement-water paste changes from a semifluid substance into a solid binder as a result of chemical reactions between the water and the various compounds in
88、60;the cement. The final quality of the concrete depends upon the effectiveness of the hardened paste in binding the aggregate particles together and in filling the voids
89、 between the particles. Questions: (1) How many types of raw materials involving in concrete production And what are their functions, respectively (2) Analyze the
90、 major factors affecting concrete quality. 2. Several stressstrain plots are shown in Figure 1. One of the lines shows the character of fiber. Questions: Point
91、0;out the polymeric materials of the other three lines. How to classify plastics? Please give some examples for different properties of plastics. Fig. 1: Stress-strain&
92、#160;plots Strain, L/L Stress, (N·cm-2) Fiber (1) (2) (3) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案(B卷 ) 一、Fill in the blanks (1×10 = 10) 1. The advantage of microwave heating is that it is
93、60;extremely rapid . 2. The mechanical properties of ceramics are good in compression , The greatest weakness is brittleness . 3. Ferrous Allo
94、ys normally contains major phases, called austenite, cementite, graphite, martensitic. 4. The components as well as the interface between them can usually be physically identified.
95、 5. Surface treatment of reinforcing materials is done to improve the adhesion of fillers and fibers to matrix resin by modifying the surface of the solid.
96、60;6. The properties of materials are defined by the nature of their chemical bonds, their atomic ordering and their microstructure. 二、True or false (indicate with “” or&
97、#160;“×”, 1×10 = 10) 1. (×) All amorphous materials are glasses. 2. (×) Aluminum alloys offer superior specific strength in high temperatures. 3. () The pr
98、operties of crystals are different in various crystallographic directions. 4. () Titanium alloys have lower density and high strength. 5. () Most of life and industrial g
99、lass are made from silica and silicate glasses. 6. () Magnesium is the lightest of all structural metals. 7. () Glasses is made from elements, simple chemical compou
100、nds, complex organic molecules, salt mixtures and alloys. 8. () Glass when newly formed, with a perfect surface, is very strong about five times as strong as s
101、teel. 9. (×) MMC、PMC、CMC are all composite, and matrix are metal, ceramic and organic polymer. 10. () 玻璃化溫度和熔點(diǎn)是表征聚合物熱性能的重要指標(biāo)。. 三、Choose the right answer (1×10 = 10)
102、1. Which of the following descriptions would not be applicable to ceramics? (d) a. Mixed ionic and covalent bonding b.
103、60;Brittle c. Hard d. Ductile 2. 組成鑄鐵的基本元素是_ (b, d, e) a. O; b. C; c. S; d. Si; e. Fe; f.
104、60;Al; g. P 3. 低合金鋼合金元素含量_,而高合金鋼_。(b, c) a.<2%; b.<5%; c. >10%; d.>13% 4. Hardened concrete should be durable, strong, watertight and
105、resistant to abrasion. All of these properties are influenced by the _ of the Portland cement paste. (c) a. quantity b. weight percent c. quality d. density
106、160;5. The major phases in Portland cement are:_,_,_ and ferrite. (a, c, d) a. alite b. limestone c. aluminate d. belite e. silica f. calcium sulfate g. ferrite 四、Terms and definitions (4×5 = 20) 1. Composite:A composite is a combined materials created by the synthetic assembly of two
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