unit 3：現(xiàn)在完成時section ⅱ learning about language

1、Section Learning about Language現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)一、結(jié)構(gòu)have/hasbeen及物動詞的過去分詞二、用法1表示被動的動作發(fā)生在說話之前，并強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。如：The door has been locked.門被鎖上了。(結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在沒有人能進去)2表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常與 for 或 since 引導的時間狀語連用，或用于“How long.？”問句中。如：They have been told about it for many times.他們被告知這件事很多次了。How long has th

2、e machine been used?這機器用了有多久了？注意：(1)由 finish, buy, start, begin, post, return, borrow, join,marry, open 等詞構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能直接與表示一段時間的短語如 for four days, how long 等連用，需要改換動詞或時態(tài)。如：How long has this book been bought？()How long has this book been had？()When was this book bought？()這本書買了多久了？但這類動詞的否定式可以表示動作的持

3、續(xù)過程，因而可與since 或 for 引導的時間狀語連用。如：No books have been bought since last week.自上周以來，沒有人來買過書。(2)動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體，在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中要保持完整性，不可省略動詞短語中的介詞或副詞。如：The orphan has been well looked after.這個孤兒一直受到很好的照顧。一、用所給單詞或短語的適當形式填空1Who will be sent there _ (not decide)yet.2 So far, almost two-thirds of this book _(learn) in

4、 all.3It is said that the bridge _ (close) forrepairs for months.4Our school area _ (enlarge) for manytimes in the last few years.hasnt been decidedhas been learnthas been closedhas been enlarged5 This is one of the farthest places that _(explore) so far in that country.6 In recent years, much progr

5、ess _(make) as a result of his efforts.7 The government has proved that most of the buildings_ (destroy), leaving many people dead orinjured.8 By now, all the letters _ (type) foryour convenience.have been exploredhas been madehave been destroyedhave been typed二、完成句子1 Since last year, many art compa

6、nies old mechanism機制、原理、技巧_ ( 被轉(zhuǎn)變) into a new one suitablefor the market.2Since Earth Hour first began in Sydney in 2007, so far, theproject _ (被開展) in more than 4,000 citiesaround the world.3In recent years, with the improvement in peoples life, mostof fans _ (被取代) by air-conditioners.4By now, thou

7、sands of people _ (遇難) in the terrible earthquake, leaving tens of thousands homeless.has been changed/transformedhas been carried outhave been replacedhave been killedget through的用法的用法(1)完成完成(=finish，complete)，做完。辦完，看完，做完。辦完，看完Tom gets through plenty of work in the morning湯姆一上午做了大量的工作。湯姆一上午做了大量的工作。

8、He got through the novel in one evening他一晚上看完了這本小說。他一晚上看完了這本小說。(2)通過考試通過考試(=pass an exam)，讓通過，讓通過I get through every subject except biology除生物外，我通過了所有考試。除生物外，我通過了所有考試。The teacher got all his pupils through without difficulty老師順利地讓所有學生通過了考試。老師順利地讓所有學生通過了考試。(3)通過通過(議案議案)被通過被通過(of a bill)pass，be throug

9、h)People began to doubt whether the Bill would get through人們開始懷疑議案是否能順利通過。人們開始懷疑議案是否能順利通過。The new law has got through新法律已經(jīng)通過了。新法律已經(jīng)通過了。(4)給給接通電話，被接通接通電話，被接通(to reach someone by telephone)I couldnt get through to your office yesterday afternoon昨天下午我打不通你辦公室的電話。昨天下午我打不通你辦公室的電話。The operator finally got

10、me through to Mr Smiths number接線員最后為我接通了史密斯先生的電話。接線員最后為我接通了史密斯先生的電話。(5)度過時間用完。吃完度過時間用完。吃完(use up)He has got through ￥1000 in less than two months不到兩個月他就把一千元錢花完了。不到兩個月他就把一千元錢花完了。Jackson got through a big plate omeat and vegetable and asked for a second helping杰克吃完了一大盤燴菜又叫了服務員杰克吃完了一大盤燴菜又叫了服務員We got th

11、rough the coal too quickly我們的煤很快就用完了。我們的煤很快就用完了。(6)穿過，漏進來穿過，漏進來7he water gets through every time it rains每次下雨，水都會漏進來。每次下雨，水都會漏進來。He had no idea how such a large animal could get through such a small hole。他不知道這樣一個大動物怎樣能穿過這樣一個小洞。他不知道這樣一個大動物怎樣能穿過這樣一個小洞。7)到達目的地到達目的地I started as soon as your message got

12、through to me。一接到你的口信我就馬上開始了。一接到你的口信我就馬上開始了。If more supplies do not get throughthousands of refugees will die如果更多的供應物資不能到達，成千上萬的難民會死去。如果更多的供應物資不能到達，成千上萬的難民會死去。get through to讓人聽懂讓人理解讓人聽懂讓人理解I cant get(it)through to him that he must rest。我無法讓他明白他得休息。我無法讓他明白他得休息。有時表示有時表示“傳到傳到”The news finally got throu

13、gh to us消息最后傳到了我們這里。消息最后傳到了我們這里。get through with做完，辦完做完，辦完Id like to go with you。but I must get through with my homework firstgo through用法用法經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受。大多指痛苦的事情。例如：經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受。大多指痛苦的事情。例如：The country has gone through too many wars. 這個國家經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭。這個國家經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭。How can she keep smiling after what shes gone through?

14、在她經(jīng)歷了這一切之后怎么還能保持滿臉笑容？在她經(jīng)歷了這一切之后怎么還能保持滿臉笑容？【拓展拓展】go through 還表示如下含義：還表示如下含義：1) 仔細檢查；審查仔細檢查；審查I always start the day by going through my e-mails.我總是每天一早就仔細查閱我的郵件。我總是每天一早就仔細查閱我的郵件。2）（指法律、法案等）被正式通過或接受）（指法律、法案等）被正式通過或接受The bill went through two months later.兩個月之后，該法案被正式通過。兩個月之后，該法案被正式通過。3）通過（考試）通過（考試）He

15、went through the driving test and bought a new car last year.去年他通過了駕駛測試，并購買了一輛新車。去年他通過了駕駛測試，并購買了一輛新車?！静虏驴床虏驴础俊癵o through” 是一常見短語，讀下面是一常見短語，讀下面的句子，猜猜看的句子，猜猜看“go through”在下面句子中在下面句子中的意思有何不同？的意思有何不同？1.The train went through some tunnels.2. Have you gone through all your money already.3. The country has

16、 gone through too many wars.4. I went through the papers looking for Janes letter.5. The early pioneers had to go through many hardships to settle on the new land.6. The dictionary has gone through ten editions.7. The bill has gone through without a vote.Keys:1. 穿過穿過 2. 用掉；花掉用掉；花掉 3. 經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷 4. 仔細檢查仔細檢

17、查 5. 遭受遭受 6.（指書）（指書） 發(fā)行（若干版）發(fā)行（若干版） 7. (法律等法律等)被通過被通過【試試看試試看】試著用短語試著用短語“go through” 翻譯下面句翻譯下面句子子1. 我把所有的口袋都找遍了，就是找不到我的鑰我把所有的口袋都找遍了，就是找不到我的鑰匙。匙。2. 隨著青春期的臨近，我們需要經(jīng)歷許多身體上隨著青春期的臨近，我們需要經(jīng)歷許多身體上和情感上的變化。和情感上的變化。3. 她的申請獲得通過，她被錄用了。她的申請獲得通過，她被錄用了。4. 他們已通過了那個危險、荒無人煙的沙漠。他們已通過了那個危險、荒無人煙的沙漠。5. 她按時完成了任務。她按時完成了任務。6.

18、在治療癌癥中，你還得遭受極大的痛苦。在治療癌癥中，你還得遭受極大的痛苦。7. 海關(guān)人員檢查了我們的行李。海關(guān)人員檢查了我們的行李。Keys:1. Ive gone through all my pockets but I cant find my keys.2. As we approach our teenage years, we have to go through many physical and emotional changes.3. Her application went through and she was hired.4. Theyve gone through that dangerous and lonely desert.5. She went through her task just on time.6. Youll have to go through tremendous pain in treating the cancer.7. Th