名詞性從句思維導(dǎo)圖

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上名詞性從句思維導(dǎo)圖表一：主語從句表一：主語從句表一：主語從句（1） 由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。That you will win the medal seems unlikely. 你想獲得獎牌看起來是不可能的。That she survived the accident is a miracle. 她在事故中幸免于難簡直是奇跡（2） 用或或 whether 引導(dǎo)的主語從句。Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery. 他們哪一個是從監(jiān)獄里逃跑的，仍然是個謎。 When they will co

2、me hasnt been made pubic. 他們什么時候來還不知道。 Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much. 她來不來都無關(guān)緊要。（3） 用引導(dǎo)的主語從句。 What you need is more practice. 你所需要的是更多的訓(xùn)練。 Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 兩強相爭勇者勝。 Whatever we do is to serve the people. 我們無論做什么都是。固定用法和譯法固定用法和譯法（1

3、） It is +名詞+從句 It is a fact that 事實是 It is good news that 是好消息 It is a question that 是個問題 It is common knowledge that 是常識 類似的名詞還有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。 It is a mystery to me how it all happened. 這一切是怎么發(fā)生的是個謎。 It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. 不是魚，這是常識

4、。 It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game. 會贏得這場比賽，這不足為奇。（2） It is +形容詞+從句 It is necessary that 有必要 It is clear that 很清楚 It is likely that 很可能 It is important that 重要的是 類似的形容詞還有：strange; natural; ; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while;

5、surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc. It is that conductors and insulators are both important in industry. 很明顯導(dǎo)體和在工業(yè)中都很重要。 It is doubtful whether she will be able to come. 她是否能來令人懷疑。 It is essential that he should be here by the weekend . 周末之前，他應(yīng)該到這里是必要的。 It seems that we can not go on like thi

6、s. 很明顯我們不能這樣下去了。（3） It is +過去分詞+從句 It is said that 據(jù)說 It is reported that 據(jù)報道 It has been proved that 已證明 It must be proved that 必須指出 類似的過去分詞還有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc. It is thought tha

7、t he is the best player. 大家都認(rèn)為他是最好的選手。 It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars. 過去一直認(rèn)為新星是由于兩顆星星之間碰撞產(chǎn)生的。 It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic. 還沒弄清楚這條路將開始通車（4） It +從句 It seems that 好像是 It happened that 碰巧 It follows that

8、 由此可見 It has turned out that 結(jié)果是 類似的還有：seem, appear, occur, follow, happen, turn out, etc. It turned out that nobody remembered the address. 結(jié)果是無人記得那個地址。 It now appears that they are in urgent need of help. 看起來他們急需幫助。 It does not matter if I missed my train, because there is another later. 沒有趕上這趟火車沒

9、有關(guān)系，稍晚還有一趟。 （當(dāng)“ + 賓語”較短時，也可用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。）例如：It shocked me that Peter did not tell anybody where he was. 讓我吃驚的是彼得沒有告訴任何人他在哪里。 It does not interest me whether you go or not. 我對你去不去不感興趣。 It +某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)+ 主語從句。例如：It doesnt make too much difference （It doesnt make any difference / It doesnt alter the situation），whet

10、her it rains or not . 下不下雨都沒有多大關(guān)系。 It does not make any difference whether it rains or not . 下不下雨沒什么分別。 It does not make the least difference to me what you do. 對我來說你做什么都無關(guān)緊要。 Is it of much consequence to you that Mr. Wang has failed to do it ? 王先生沒有做成這件事對你有什么重要影響嗎？3. 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, whi

11、ch，連接副詞when, where, why, how， 它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意義。表二：賓語從句表二：賓語從句表二：賓語從句一、賓語從句的連接詞1. 連詞that，只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略。eg. He knew （that） he should work hard.2. 連詞if 、whether，它們起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口語中多用if。一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：a.在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn

12、9;t been decided.b.在介詞前：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.c.與or not連用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. eg. Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming.3. 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which，連接副詞when, where, why

13、, how， 它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意義。二、賓語從句的語序陳述語序，即“連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分”特別強調(diào)：它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序，而不是疑問句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Can you tell me who do we have to see?（）Can you tell me who we have to see?（ ）The teacher asked the students what they were doing. （ ）陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時,要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化,語序不變。eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the

14、desk.” She said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時,也要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化,后面接陳述語序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. I asked him where the tickets are.三、時態(tài)呼應(yīng)。如果主句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句謂語的時態(tài)不受限制；如果主句謂語的時態(tài)是一般過去時，從句一般要隨著改為相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時、過去完成時）eg. I thought （that） you are free tod

15、ay. （）I thought （that） you would be free today. （ ）【注意】當(dāng)賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時，不管主句謂語的時態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。eg. The teacher told us （that） the earth moves around the sun.四、注意賓語從句的語氣1. 賓語從句一般用陳述語氣，但是，當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為advise, insist(堅決主張), suggest(建議), require, request, order, ask(要求)等表示請求、命令、要求、主張意義的動詞時，從句謂語要用虛擬語氣，即用“should

16、+動詞原形”(should往往可以省略)。she insisted that he (should) go there with her. 她堅決要求他跟她一起去那兒。The doctor suggested that she (should) take more exercise every day. 醫(yī)生建議她每天多進(jìn)行鍛煉。2. 但當(dāng)insist表示“堅持說”，suggest表示“暗示、表明”，ask表示“問”時，賓語從句用陳述語氣He insisted that he didnt steal her watch. 他堅持說他沒有偷她的手表。His smile suggested tha

17、t he did well in the interview. 他的微笑表明他面試得很好。3. 動詞wish 后的賓語從句也要用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用過去式(針對現(xiàn)在情況而言)、過去完成時(針對過去情況而言)或用“would / should / could / might +動詞原形”(針對將來情況而言)。I wish I were a bird. 我希望我是一只鳥。I wish we lived on the moon now. 我希望我們現(xiàn)在住在月亮上。五、注意賓語從句的否定問題當(dāng)否定賓語從句時，一般直接對從句的謂語動詞進(jìn)行否定。I know that he wont tell a li

18、e to us. 我知道他不會對我們說謊。He said he hadnt been to america before. 他說他以前沒有去過美國。但是，當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為think, believe, suppose, imagine 等，若時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，謂語動詞前又沒有副詞修飾時，賓語從句的否定應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語動詞上。如：I dont think that he will come to help us today. 我想他今天不會來幫我們的忙了。表三： 表語從句定義在一個復(fù)合句中其表語部分是一個句子，這個當(dāng)表語的句子就是表語從句。表語從句位于連系動詞之后。表三： 表語從句表三：

19、表語從句連系動詞1.be 動詞2. 感官動詞look“看起來像是” smell“聞起來” sound“聽起來” taste“嘗起來” feel “摸起來，給感覺”3. 表變化的詞seem,“似乎，好像” appear,“顯得，看起來好像” keep, “保持的狀態(tài)” remain,“仍是”stay“保持（某種狀態(tài)）” prove “證明是” get“變成，變得起來” fall“進(jìn)入（某種狀態(tài)）grow“漸漸變得起來，長得” turn“轉(zhuǎn)變成（新的與原來完全不同的色彩或性質(zhì)），變質(zhì)（色）go “變成（某種壞的狀態(tài)） become “變成，成為（好壞均可的情況） come “變成為（已知的狀態(tài)）等

20、(1) that和whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句That僅起連接作用，無意義，whether意為“是否”，在從句中也不充當(dāng)任何成分。1. The fact is that he doesnt really try. 事實是他沒有做真正的努力。2. The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 問題是這部電影是否值得看?！咀⒁狻?. 當(dāng)主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不用because。e.g. The reason why he was late was that he missed the train.(虛線部分是定語從句)

21、3. whether 可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。4. 主句的主語常常是些抽象，如question(問題)，trouble(麻煩)，problem(問題)，result(結(jié)果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建議)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等.(2)連接代詞what, which,who,whom,whose等1. That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的事情。（what在復(fù)合句中連接主句跟從句，意思是事情，在從句中作賓語）2. Tha

22、t is what is called UFO.那個就是被叫做UFO的東西。（what意為東西，在從句中作主語）3. The dress is which I buy for my mom.這件禮服是我買給我媽媽。（which意思是那件，在句子中作賓語。4. The question is who (m) we should trust. 問題是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)相信誰。（who意思是誰，那個人，在句子中作賓語）5. The girl is whose leggs got hurt during the earthiquake. 那個女孩就是腳在地震中受傷的人。(whose意為什么人的，在從句中作定語)

23、（3）連接副詞連接副詞有when, where, how, why等1. That was when I was fifteen. 這是我15歲時發(fā)生的事。2. Thats where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇見她的地方。3. The problem is how we can find him. 問題是我們?nèi)绾握业剿?. Thats why he didnt come. 這就是他沒有來的緣故。（4）其他連接詞以及短語1）由as if / as though引導(dǎo) as if / as though表示好像的意思，Now it was as though she ha

24、d known Millie for years. 現(xiàn)在好像她認(rèn)識米莉已有好多年了似的。2）由 because, why引導(dǎo)的表語從句That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因為他沒有理解我。(That's because.強調(diào)原因) That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他對我生氣的原因。(That's why.強調(diào)結(jié)果) what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示結(jié)果或名詞reason作主語時，后面的表語從句表示原因時要用that引導(dǎo)，不宜用because。 The reason why

25、I was sad was that he didn't understand me. 我難過的原因是他沒有理解我。注意1. 表語從句一定要用陳述語序。（）The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. （）The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 2. 不可以用if，而用whether 連接表語從句(as if 例外）。（） The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.（ ）The question is whether

26、 the enemy is marching towards us.（ ） It looked as if he had understood this question.3. 不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致。（ ）The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.（ ） The question is why he cried yesterday.4. that在表語從句中不可以省掉。5. 使用虛擬語氣的表語從句在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句，謂語動詞需用"sho

27、uld+動詞原形" 表示，should可省略。常見的詞有：advice，suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。 e.g.：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。表四： 同位語從句表四同位語從句表四同位語從句定義用于對前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。一般由that引導(dǎo)，但也可以由whether 以及和引導(dǎo)。常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, promise, doubt, tho

28、ught, message, words 消息information, wish, answer, evidence, report, explanation,suggestion, conclusion，possibility等抽象名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。l have no idea when he will be back我不知道他什么時候回來。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。 We heard the news that our team had won.&

29、#160;我們聽到消息說我們隊贏了。Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么時候開始嗎?It is a question how he did it. 那是一個他如何做的問題。【注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句?！咀⒁?】在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣should+They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他們面

30、對廢除這個稅的要求。They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他們表示希望她接受這筆獎金。The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞從屬連詞從屬連詞that無詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分，有時可省略。主語從句It is important that we should learn English well. 賓語從句He told us (that) he felt ill.The

31、 reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 表語從句The fact is that we have lost the game.同位語從句The news that we won the game is exciting. whether/ ifas if if/whether, as if雖有詞義，但在從句中不作句子成分。 主語從句Whether he will accept the invitation remains a secret. 賓語從句Attitude determines whether/if peop

32、le are successful and able to enjoy life.Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 表語從句It looks as if it is going to rain. 同位語從句He was tortured(折磨) by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.連接代詞 whatwhichwhowhomwhose 有詞義，在從句中作成分，如主語、表語、賓語、定語等。 主語從句Who will win the match is still

33、unknown. 賓語從句She wondered what he had done. 表語從句Thats just what I want. 同位語從句The question who should do the work requires consideration.表五：考點梳理表五：考點梳理表五：考點梳理【考點一】考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞“一分二劃三看”三步法“一分”即分清從句類型：即分清從句是哪一種名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）“二劃”即劃分出從句“三看”即看從句句意是否完整：1. 句意不完整缺連接代詞：指人時，用who, whoever（作主語）；whom,

34、whomever（作賓語）;指物時，用what, whatever（作主語、賓語）；which, whichever（作主語、賓語）。2. 句意完整缺連接副詞：指時間時，用when；指地點時，用where, wherever；指原因時，用why；指方式時，用how。3. 句意完整缺不作成分的連詞:有含義的用if, whether（是否）；無含義的用that?！究键c二】考查名詞性從句的語序問題在名詞性從句中，除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句句首外，其他部分應(yīng)用陳述語序。而考生們往往使用疑問語序，特別是在以wh引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中?？朔@個問題的關(guān)鍵是要找準(zhǔn)從句的主語。在試題的設(shè)置上會通過賓語從句、表語從句的語序來

35、考查，尤其是一些與特殊疑問句有關(guān)的賓語從句或表語從句。 These shoes look very good. I wonder _.A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost解析：選C。根據(jù)題干中的及物動詞wonder可知,how much引導(dǎo)賓語從句，而名詞性從句要用陳述語序，故排除疑問語序的B、D兩項;A項可以改為how much they cost或how much they are worth。故選C項。【考點三】考查賓語從句中的否

36、定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移主要針對賓語從句。在賓語從句中，當(dāng)謂語動詞是think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect/consider等表示“認(rèn)為、相信、猜測”意義的詞，并且主語是第一人稱，時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，形式上是否定主句謂語動詞的否定詞，實際上否定的是賓語從句。在反意疑問句中，其中的附加問句要與從句保持一致，而且要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到從句中去。I dont believe he treated the child like that, did he?Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus, _?A. hadnt you

37、 B. wouldnt you C. arent I D. didnt she解析：選B。題干中的be sure同believe, 而且句子的主語是第一人稱，時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以附加問句（反意疑問句）與從句保持一致?！究键c四】考查形式主語、形式賓語當(dāng)主語從句較長，而謂語較短時，為了避免“頭重腳輕”，常常將從句后置，而用it作形式主語，置于句首。動詞后接復(fù)合賓語，也可用it作形式賓語。不能用this或that來代替it。It is a pity that he cant attend the party.We consider it necessary that he should impro

38、ve his grammar.(that不可以省略)_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It解析：選D。分析題干可知，it作形式主語，代替真正的主語 that從句。【考點五】考查名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的運用 (1)主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句都會涉及到虛擬語氣，一些表示建議、要求、命令的動詞，如insist（堅持）/suggest （建議）/order（命令）/request（要求、請求）/require（要求）/rec

39、ommend(建議)/urge(催促,力勸)等后的賓語從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，即“should+do（動詞原形）”，其中的should可以省略。對應(yīng)的名詞作主語跟表語從句，或?qū)?yīng)的名詞跟同位語從句，也要用虛擬語氣。但是如果有其他意義則例外，如suggest表示“暗示”時,所跟的賓語從句就用陳述語氣。The teacher suggested that we (should) have a rest.It is suggested that he should adapt himself to new conditions.My suggestion that he should adap

40、t himself to new conditions hasnt been accepted.My suggestion is that we (should) read English newspapers to improve our English.(2)主語從句中的某些句型，如Its necessary/essential/strange/apity/a shame/no wonder；Its (high) time that .等句型中也常用虛擬語氣，構(gòu)成形式也是“should+動詞原形”。It is necessary that we should master a foreig

41、n language.It is high time that the children should go to school.(should不可以省略)表六： 難點表六： 難點【難點一】that的省略問題用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確I believe _ you have done your best and _ things will get better解析：that在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位從句時，一般不省略。在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時,that可以省略。當(dāng)由兩個that引導(dǎo)的從句作同一個動詞的賓語時，第二個that不可省。故第一個空可填that，也可不填;第二空填that。

42、下列情況that不可省略： 當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時，that不可省略。 The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 當(dāng)賓語從句被it替代時，that不可省略。 She has made it clear that she will have nothing to do with the decision.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的狀語緊靠that時，或that從句中含有主從復(fù)合句時，that不可省略。Im sure that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. 有插入語或其

43、他成分把賓語從句和主句分開時，that不可省略。 He thinks, Im afraid, that he is always right. 當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時，that不可省略。 They said that rubbing the girls leg might help. 從句的主語是that時，that不可省略。 She says that that is a real gold ring. 【難點二】whether與if用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確The question _ he will go or not has not be

44、en decided. Please let me know _ you want to go.解析：whether可以引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，而if不可以。在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時whether可以與or not直接連用，或是作介詞賓語，但是if不可以。所以第題填whether;第題填whether或if皆可。只能使用whether的情形如下： 主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句中只能用whether。1.Whether he will succeed is still unknown 2.The question is whether it will rain. 介詞后的賓語從句中只用wh

45、ether。 That depends on whether they will come by bus. 后面直接跟動詞不定式時只用whether。 He doesnt know whether to stay or not. 賓語從句中既可用whether也可用if引導(dǎo)，但是若后面緊接or not時，只能用whether。We didnt know whether or not she was ready.【即學(xué)即練】 Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smoot

46、h.A. / B. whether C. how D. what 解析：選B。根據(jù)前面的動詞tell可知,and連接兩個并列賓語，所以后面是賓語從句，由從句中or可知答案。表六： 難點表六： 難點【難點三】that與what 用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確My opinion is _ everyone of us takes out $5 for Janes birthday present. _ she said puzzled him.解析：that與what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的根本區(qū)別在于that在所引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用;what在所引導(dǎo)的從句中可以作主

47、語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。所以第題填that;第題填What。單項填空One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. A. how B. why C. thatD. when 解析：選C。從句表達(dá)的就是one advantage的具體內(nèi)容，is后是表語從句，從句中的成分完整，所以所填引導(dǎo)詞不作任何成分，故選C。 _ matters most in learning English is enough practice. A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which解析：選A。從題干的is看出前面是主語從句，從句中沒有主語，所以用連接代詞what。B、C兩項是連接副詞，在從句中作狀語,故排除?！倦y點四】wh-ever與 no matter wh- 用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確 _ wants to see this film can go with us tonight. _ cold it is, I will go to school.解析：疑問詞+ever與 no matter+疑問詞的區(qū)別是：前者既可以引導(dǎo)名