新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)1-10知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、2014新版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)第一至第十單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】matter/ ' mæt(r) /n.問(wèn)題；事情What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you?= What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have a fever 發(fā)燒 have a cough咳嗽have a stomachache

2、胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache頭疼4. much too+形容詞， too much+不可數(shù)名詞5. enough【形容、副詞】足夠的/地，enoughgood enough足夠好，enough money=much money8. sound like+名詞代詞和從句：It sounds like you dont know the truth.It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容詞，“聽(tīng)起來(lái)，好像”， The music sounds nice.9. need 需要，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 need+名詞，需要某物；n

3、eed to do sth.需要做某事，主語(yǔ)通常是人，表示人主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作：You need to listen carefully during class.10. get off (the bus) 下（公交車(chē)） get on 上車(chē)11. agree 同意，贊同； agree with sb. 同意某人12. trouble問(wèn)題，麻煩 ；be in trouble make trouble ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth13. right away=right now=at once，立刻，馬上14

4、. advice 不可數(shù)名詞勸告，建議，向征求意見(jiàn)， give sb. advice on sth.就某事給某人建議； 15. exercise 練習(xí)、鍛煉 當(dāng)exercise意為“練習(xí)”時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞 即可加s當(dāng)exercise意為“鍛煉”時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞 即不加s16. hurt 及物動(dòng)詞，使疼痛，受傷， 不及物動(dòng)詞，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.18. hit （用手或器具）打；擊打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on用在所打較硬的部位；hit

5、sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打較軟的部位。19. be used to sth./ doing sth.習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng)了、做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)； used to sth./ doing sth. “變得習(xí)慣，逐漸適應(yīng)”強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程、動(dòng)作：Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.20. free 形容詞空閑的free time；免費(fèi)的the drink is for free；自由的I want to become a free bird.free使解脫，得到自

6、由：He could not free his arm.21. run out用完，用盡物sth. run out. 某物用盡了。人sb. run out of sth. 人用盡了某物。He run out of all his money last night.22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒險(xiǎn)去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒險(xiǎn)23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的， decision 【名詞】決定；抉擇；25. be i

7、n the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.be out of control無(wú)法控制，無(wú)法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中26. 【復(fù)習(xí)】mind意為， Would you mind my opening the window?27. give up (doing) sth. 放棄（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)詞ing形式，也可不接，如: Never give up easily.

8、Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一、基本知識(shí)點(diǎn)2. cheer (sb.) up（讓某人）變得高興；振奮起來(lái)3. give out分發(fā)；散發(fā)，相當(dāng)于hand out， 4.give sth. out to sb. 意為把某物分發(fā)給某人 。5. used to do sth.過(guò)去/曾經(jīng)(常)做某事，表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再存在或發(fā)生。6. alone 【形容詞】獨(dú)自一人的，無(wú)感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.lonely （感到

9、）孤獨(dú)寂寞的，帶有很強(qiáng)的感情色彩，可做表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。The lonely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth.照顧；照料care 【名詞】小心，關(guān)心take care of=look after 【動(dòng)詞】care about sb./sth.關(guān)心，在意某人/事【形容詞】careful 仔細(xì)的 / careless 粗心的 【副詞】carefully 仔細(xì)地8. such “這樣的，這種，如此”，用于修飾名詞such+ a/ an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞：such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么

10、精彩的比賽such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞：such important decisions 多么重要的建議 such delicious food 多么美味的食物 如果名詞前被many, much, few, little修飾時(shí)，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time9. try out for參加選拔，爭(zhēng)取成為T(mén)hirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.try out試用，試驗(yàn)10. journey 【名詞】（尤指長(zhǎng)途）旅行，行程；t

11、rip【名詞】多指短途旅行；travel【名詞、動(dòng)詞】travel around the world 【名詞】traveler旅行者 11.【復(fù)習(xí)】be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情12.】try doing sth. 試著去做某事 只是一種嘗試 try to do sth. 試著做 盡力去做某事 try ones best (to do sth.) 盡某人最大的努力去做某事13. be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 擔(dān)心某人、某事14. raise

12、money集資，籌錢(qián)；raise money for為籌錢(qián)raise【動(dòng)詞】舉起；提高；募集15. keep【動(dòng)詞】keep+名詞，保留（某物）；keep+形容詞，保持16.【形容詞】broken破損的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聾的；disabled有殘疾的，喪失能力的；在句中做定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。17. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成為可能，You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.make it +形容詞(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）

13、做某事成為；think/find it +形容詞to do sth.18. make a difference to對(duì)有影響；對(duì)有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, much等修飾，如19. difficulty【可數(shù)/不可數(shù)】表示抽象意義的“困難”時(shí)為不可數(shù)；表示具體的“難題、難事”時(shí)為可數(shù)；have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難20. train【動(dòng)詞】訓(xùn)練，trained為過(guò)去分詞，可做定語(yǔ)，意為“受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的”a trained dog21. be excited

14、 about sth. 對(duì)某事感到興奮 ，Everyone is excited about the good news.excited意為興奮的，修飾人；exciting意為令人興奮/激動(dòng)的，修飾物。22. order【名詞】命令，指示；順序，次序【動(dòng)詞】訂購(gòu)；點(diǎn)（菜）follow the order。23. change【動(dòng)詞】變化，改變Its hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名詞】變化；零錢(qián)change A for B用A換成B：When you travel in China, remember to change US do

15、llars for RMB.24. repair 【動(dòng)詞】修理，修補(bǔ)； fix【動(dòng)詞】安裝；使固定 【fix up修理=repair】Unit3 Could you please clean your room?1，Could you please（not） do sth ?請(qǐng)你（做）.好嗎？用于提出請(qǐng)求，希望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答，說(shuō)話(huà)的語(yǔ)氣比較客氣委婉。 Could 不是can的過(guò)去式，是委婉、禮貌的說(shuō)法?；卮鹩胏an.【常用答語(yǔ)】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答： Sorry , I cantCould I do a sth

16、? 我可以做.嗎？用于表達(dá)請(qǐng)求，語(yǔ)氣比較委婉。Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?2，at least 至少，多指數(shù)量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至多，不超過(guò)3，finish v 結(jié)束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事【注意】enough 修飾名詞時(shí)，置于名詞前；修飾形容詞時(shí)，置于形容詞之后?！就卣埂縯ake 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顧 take off 脫下；起飛take up 占據(jù) take down 拿下 take ones

17、 time 不急；慢慢來(lái)take ones temperature 量體溫4. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .我剛坐在電視機(jī)前面，我媽媽就過(guò)來(lái)了?！窘馕?】the minute = as soon as “一. 就.” 【解析2】 in front of指在物體外部的前面There is a bike in front of the classroom.指在物體內(nèi)部的前面Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom【注意】有the無(wú)the區(qū)別大

18、：at table 吃飯；進(jìn)餐 at the tabel 在桌邊 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院（不一定看?。窘馕?】come over 過(guò)來(lái)【拓展】 come 短語(yǔ)：come across（偶然）發(fā)現(xiàn) come back 回來(lái) come up with想出come true實(shí)現(xiàn) come down下來(lái) come from=be from來(lái)自,出生于此處刪除come in/into進(jìn)入,進(jìn)來(lái) come on趕快,加油 come along走吧,過(guò)來(lái),快點(diǎn)come and go來(lái)來(lái)去去 come up上來(lái) come out出來(lái)，(花)開(kāi)，(照片)沖洗出來(lái)5

19、. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!你總是看電視，從不幫忙做家務(wù)！all the time = always 一直；總是6. Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一樣累！【解析】as.as . 和.一樣.7. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I.一周的時(shí)間，她不做任何家務(wù)，我也不做?！窘馕觥縩either +助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ) “某人（主語(yǔ)）也不” neither兩者都不ne

20、ither nor 既不也不,連接兩個(gè)詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)確定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.第二天，媽媽下班回到家后發(fā)現(xiàn)房間很干凈、整潔?！窘馕觥縡ind +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)【注】find found found v尋找(1) find sb. doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很find it difficult/ har

21、d to do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很困難11. She asked in surprise.她吃驚地問(wèn)道?！窘馕觥縤n surprise 驚奇地；吃驚地surprise v 使吃驚surprising adj. 令人吃驚的 surprised adj. 吃驚的to ones surprise 使某人吃驚的是 in surprise 吃驚地 be surprised at 對(duì)感到吃驚To my surprise_(使我吃驚的是），he got the first prize in the exam.【解析1】need v 需要用于肯定句，是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。(1)人做主語(yǔ)，sb. need to do

22、sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主語(yǔ)，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(1)neednt = dont have to 沒(méi)有必要(2)need ,must 引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定會(huì)的用must,否定回答用neednt Must I go there now? Yes，you must/No, you neednt【解析2】share 分享；共用 share sth 分享或共用某物share sth with sb. 與某人分享某物8.Could I hang out with my friends after the

23、 movie?看完電影后我能和朋友們一起閑逛嗎？ hang out 閑逛 hang up 把.懸掛/掛起9. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把鹽遞給我嗎？pass v 給；遞；走過(guò)；通過(guò)pass sb.sth 把某物遞給某人 v 通過(guò)；路過(guò) I pass your home. v 通過(guò)（考試） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.10. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本書(shū)看嗎、Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些錢(qián)嗎？【解析】borrow /lend/keep(

24、1)borrow 借入 ,與from 連用，尤指主語(yǔ)“【借進(jìn)來(lái)”】borrow sth from sb. 從某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library.(2)lend 借出 ,與to 搭配 【指借出去】 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借給某人He doesnt want to lend his book to others.(3)keep 保留，保存（延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用）【指借一段時(shí)間】11. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet.我

25、的手指割傷了，傷口不能弄濕?！窘馕觥縯ry (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事try v 試圖，設(shè)法，努力【拓展】 (1)try on 試穿 (2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【側(cè)重盡力做】 (3) try doing sth 試圖做某事 【側(cè)重嘗試做】(4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 盡某人最大努力做某事12. I hate to do chores. 我討厭做家務(wù)。hate to do sth 討厭做某事, 表示某次具體行為或動(dòng)作。 hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性行為或

26、動(dòng)作。13.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then?那我能請(qǐng)求你幫我做些雜活嗎？【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 請(qǐng)求，要某物 ask sb. about sth 向某人詢(xún)問(wèn)關(guān)于某事(1)ask sb. for help 向某人請(qǐng)求幫助 (2) ask sb. (not) to do sth請(qǐng)求某人做某事14.Ill finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.當(dāng)你幫我洗盤(pán)子的時(shí)候，我將完成我的家庭作業(yè)?！窘馕?】finish doi

27、ng sth 完成某事【解析2】while conj. “在期間； 當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”While 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。【解析3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上幫助某人。15. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀請(qǐng)我的朋友們來(lái)聚會(huì)嗎？【解析】invite sb. to Sp. 邀請(qǐng)某人去某地【解析】invite v invitation n邀請(qǐng)(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事(2)invite sb. to +地點(diǎn) 邀請(qǐng)某人去某地16.I dont understand why som

28、e parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.我不理解為什么有些父母在家讓孩子們幫忙做家務(wù)和雜務(wù)?！窘馕觥縨ake sb. do sth 讓某人做某事make made made v. 做， 制作， 使得(1) make sb/sth + 形容詞 “讓某人或某物” make you happy(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.17.They dont have time to study and do housework，too. 他們也沒(méi)有時(shí)間來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)家務(wù)和

29、做家務(wù)?！窘馕觥縣ave time to do sth.有時(shí)間做某事have time =be free 有空18. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家務(wù)是在浪費(fèi)他們的時(shí)間?！窘馕觥縜 waste of 浪費(fèi) a waste of time 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間a waste of money 浪費(fèi)金錢(qián)waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢(qián)(2) pay paid paid v 支付，主語(yǔ)是人sb.+ pay + 錢(qián)+for sth I pay 10 yuan f

30、or the book.(3) cost cost cost v 花費(fèi)，主語(yǔ)是某物或某事 sth cost sb. +錢(qián) 某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢(qián) A new computer costs me a lot of money.(4)taketook taken v 花費(fèi)It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.【解析2】in order to “目的是；為了” 后接動(dòng)詞原形。 in order to do sth 為了做某事【解析3】get into =ente

31、r 進(jìn)入【拓展】與get相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服get dressed穿衣 get into進(jìn)入 get/be lost丟失 get off/on下/上車(chē)get on well with sb.與某人相處得好 get out of從出來(lái) get warm 變曖get ready for +n.為做準(zhǔn)備 get ready to do sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事get well康復(fù) get a chance 有機(jī)會(huì)、得到機(jī)會(huì)get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相關(guān)：(be asleep睡著)【解析】provide sth.

32、for sb. 為某人提供某物provide v 提供provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介詞用for)=provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介詞with)供應(yīng)某人某物 相當(dāng)于：offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.19.【解析】It is important for sb. to do sth. 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是重要的20.【解析】depend on 依靠；信賴(lài)21.【解析1】 do ones part 盡職責(zé)；盡本分Do ones part in doing sth 在做某事上盡職責(zé)keep 系動(dòng)詞 “保持” keep +

33、 adj . We must keep healthy.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 “保持；繼續(xù)”(1) keep ( on ) doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事 (2) keep sb. Doing sth 讓某人一直做某事22. 【解析】develop independence 培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立意識(shí)develop vdevelopment n 發(fā)展developing adj. 發(fā)展developed adj. 發(fā)達(dá)的a developing country 一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家a developed country 一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家23. the importance of saving these animals 第一個(gè)做

34、某事的人24.【解析】take care of 照顧【拓展】與take相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：take photos/pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出(work out算出) take care當(dāng)心 take medicine服藥 take place發(fā)生 take ones temperature量體溫 take ones time別著急 take a walk散步25.【解析1】as a result 結(jié)果 （插入語(yǔ)，放在句首，用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)）Dont ask him too late into the night, _As a result_ , he is only

35、 a small child.【解析2】fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡26 .【解析】the + 比較級(jí)， the + 比較級(jí) “越. 越. ”The more you smile, the _ happier_ you will feel.Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1. Why dont you talk to your parents? 你為什么不和你打父母談?wù)勀?？【解析】Why don't you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 為什么不.呢？【拓展】用于提建議的句型有：

36、(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? .怎么樣？(2)Why dont you do sth?= Why not do sth? 為什么不呢？(3)Lets do sth.讓我們一起做某事吧。(4)Shall we/I do sth?我們做好嗎？(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事(6) Will/Would you please do sth 請(qǐng)你做好嗎？(7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事嗎？(8)Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事嗎？

37、【回答】(1). 同意對(duì)方的建議時(shí)，一般用： Good idea./ Thats good idea. 好主意 OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了 Yes, please ./ Id love to 是的/ 我愿意 I agree with you 我同意你的看法No problem 沒(méi)問(wèn)題Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 當(dāng)然可以Yes, I think so 對(duì)，我也這樣想(2).對(duì)對(duì)方的幫助或要求表示委婉謝絕時(shí)，一般用： I dont think so 我認(rèn)為不是這樣 Sorry, I cant 對(duì)不起，我不能Id love to, but

38、Im afraid我愿意，但恐怕【解析1】(1)too many + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 許多 too many people(2)too much +不可數(shù)名詞 許多 too much homework(3)much too +形容詞 太 much too cold2，【解析】allow sb. to do sth 允許某人做某事 【拓展】allow v 允許allow doing sth 允許做某事 They dont allow smoking. allow sb. to do sth 允許某人做某事My mother allows me to watch TV. be allowed to do

39、 sth 被允許做某事【拓展】allow與let的辨析：allow指“允許”，表示“默許，聽(tīng)任，不加阻止”，allow sb to do sth允許某人做某事。Let指“讓”，let sb do sth讓某人做某事，語(yǔ)意較弱，多用于口語(yǔ)中，let不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3，【解析】go to sleep 去睡覺(jué) (強(qiáng)調(diào)“入睡，睡著”這一動(dòng)作）4，【解析】look 看起來(lái) （系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞作賓語(yǔ)）【拓展】：系動(dòng)詞：后跟adj. 作表語(yǔ)一是：（be） am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安靜 二保持：stay/keep （表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)） stay healthy=ke

40、ep healthy 保持健康 三變化：become/get/turn （表示狀態(tài)變化） 五起來(lái)：sound/look/smell/taste/feel （表示感覺(jué)）5， find sb. doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事6，look through 瀏覽【拓展】與look相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：look for look after=take care of look like look the same look over look through look out look up look around look forward to7，【解析】be angry with sb. 生某人的氣【

41、拓展】angry adj. 生氣的 angrily adv. 生氣地(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 對(duì)某人生氣【with后接人】(2)be angry at/about sth對(duì)某事感到生氣 【at后接事】 (3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生氣8，although/however辨析although conj，“雖然；即使；縱然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)放在主句前后都可。 however adv，在句中作插入語(yǔ)，起一個(gè)連詞的作用，一般用逗號(hào)與句子分開(kāi)，可放在句首或句中，意為“然而，盡管如此”。9， leave v 遺忘，留下 leave

42、 sth . somewhere把某物忘在某地leave sb. by oneself 把某人單獨(dú)留下10， hope v 希望hope to do sth hope + that 從句 （表示希望）wish v 希望 wish to do sth wish sb.to do sth 希望某人做某事11，get on with sb. 和某人和睦相處；和某人關(guān)系良好=get along with get on well/ badly with 相處的好/壞12，argue 爭(zhēng)吵argue with sb. 與某人爭(zhēng)吵 argue with sb. about sth 為某事與某人爭(zhēng)吵13，be

43、 nice to sb. 對(duì)某人友好 be friendly to sb be good to sb.14，refuse =say no to v拒絕 refuse to do sth拒絕去做某事15， offer to do sth 主動(dòng)提出做某事【拓展】offer v 主動(dòng)給予(1) offer to do sth 主動(dòng)提出做某事(2)offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主動(dòng)提供給某人某物1，6communicate v交流 communication n 交流；溝通communicate with sb. 和某人交流17，explain 解釋?zhuān)徽f(shuō)明 expla

44、nation n 解釋?zhuān)徽f(shuō)明explain sth to sb. 向某人解釋某事。explain to sb sth給某人解釋某事18， be worried about sth. 擔(dān)心某事【拓展】worry v 擔(dān)心 worried adj. 焦急worry about = be worried about 為擔(dān)心19，return v 歸還=give back return . to . = give back to . 把.還給. v 回來(lái)；返回 = come back20，compete v競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；對(duì)抗 competition n 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)compete with sb. 和某人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)comp

45、ete against/ with 與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)compete for 為參加比賽21，some time /sometime/some times/sometimes【口訣】：分開(kāi)是一段， 合起是某時(shí)； 分開(kāi)s 是倍次，合起s是有時(shí)(1) some time一段時(shí)間，做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間(2) sometime adv 在某個(gè)時(shí)候，(3) some times 名詞詞組，“幾次，幾倍”(4)sometimes=at times 有時(shí) （一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞）22，cut out 刪除；刪去 (v+adv) cut up

46、切碎 cut down 砍到 cut in 插隊(duì) cut off 切斷（水、電）供應(yīng)23，successful 成功的【拓展】 succeed v 成功，達(dá)到 success n 成功successful adj 成功的successfully adv成功地 succeed in doing sth24，Its time for sth 是到做某事的時(shí)候了。Its time for lunch.Its time to do sth Its time to go to school.25continue 繼續(xù)；持續(xù)【拓展】continue doing sth =go on doing sth 繼

47、續(xù)做某事(前后做同一件事)continue to do sth = go on to do sth 繼續(xù)做某事（前后不是同一件事）26，all kinds of 各種各樣的【拓展】kind (1) n 種類(lèi) kind of +adj.有點(diǎn)，有幾分，kind of cold 有點(diǎn)冷a kind of 一種的，某種的all kinds of 各種各樣的different kinds of 不同種類(lèi)的 What kind of?那種27，have（no） time to do sth 有時(shí)間做某事28，compare A with B 將A和B 比較(1)comparewith 把與.做比較 (2)

48、 compareto 把.比做29， cause v. 造成，使發(fā)生(1) cause sb. to do sth 使某人做某事(2) cause sb. for sb. 給某人添麻煩30，in ones opinion 以某人的觀點(diǎn)； 在某人看來(lái)31，crazy. adj. 不理智的；瘋狂的 (在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) be crazy about 對(duì)著迷；熱衷于32，Its + adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth【注】若形容詞表示事物特征的，如：easy ,difficult, hard ,im

49、portant等，須用介詞for 【形容物，用for】Its +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth.【注】 若形容詞表示人的性格、品質(zhì)與特點(diǎn)，如：good ,kind ,nice, wrong等，用介詞of?！拘稳萑擞胦f】33. keep on happening 持續(xù)發(fā)生【解析】keep on doing 繼續(xù)做某事keep sb. doing sth 讓某人一直做某事 keep up with 跟上keep sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事 keep away from避開(kāi)Unit5 What were yo

50、u doing when the rainstorm came?1， at the time of 在. 的時(shí)候 （常用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）2，heavily adv 在很大程度上形容風(fēng)大的時(shí)候常用strong/hard, 形容雨雪下得大的時(shí)候用heavily/hard3，pick up 接電話(huà)4，strange adj. 奇怪的 strangely adv奇怪地 stranger n 陌生人be strange to 對(duì)感到陌生5，feel like doing sth = would like/want to do sth想要做某事6，report v 報(bào)道 reporter n 記者Its r

51、eported that 據(jù)報(bào)道7，I see . 我知道了。 （表示通過(guò)別人提醒而明白、了解）【拓展】 see sb. do sth 看到某人做某事see sb. doing sth 看到某人正在做某事8，【辨析】also /too/as well/ either(1) also 也，用于肯定句句中，用在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前，系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。（2) too 也， 用于肯定句句末(3) either 也 ，通常放于否定句末9， at first 首先；最初【拓展】(1) at first = at the beginning 最初，開(kāi)始 【強(qiáng)調(diào)在時(shí)間順序或做某事過(guò)程等開(kāi)始之初】(2) f

52、irst of all首先，第一 【表明陳述事情的重要性】10， fall asleep 進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)；睡著【拓展】sleep / asleep 辨析：(1) sleep =be in bed v 睡覺(jué)，指睡的動(dòng)作狀態(tài)，(2) get to sleep =fall asleep 入睡，強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)入睡眠的狀態(tài)【拓展】fall asleep, sleep, go to sleep, get to sleep, go to bed用法區(qū)別。fall asleep屬“連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，“入睡；睡著”，指進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)，往往含有“不知不覺(jué)就睡著了“的意思。asleep在此作表語(yǔ)形容詞。 sleep指睡覺(jué)時(shí)的一種狀

53、態(tài)，是一個(gè)延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。 go to sleep意為“入睡，睡著”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從開(kāi)始睡到睡著的過(guò)程。get to sleep與go to sleep意思相近，但它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)。go to bed“就寢”，“上床睡覺(jué)”，指上床去睡這個(gè)動(dòng)作，與get up相對(duì)應(yīng)。11，wake up (v+ adv) 醒來(lái)；睡醒12， join 加入；參加【辨析】join/join in/take part in(1) join=be a member of 參加 ,指加入某種組織，并成為其中的一員。join the army / party 入伍/ 黨 join the club 加入俱樂(lè)部 join in

54、后接活動(dòng)名稱(chēng) join sb. 加入到某個(gè)人群之中(2) take part in 參加 ，指加入群體活動(dòng)中并在活動(dòng)中發(fā)揮重要作用。13，turn on 打開(kāi)（反）turn off 關(guān)掉14，get/ reach/ arriveget to +地點(diǎn)=arrive in/at +地點(diǎn)=reach+地點(diǎn)15，realize v 意識(shí)到 realize + n she didnt realize her mistake. realize +從句 I didnt realize that you were so unhappy.16，over= more than 超過(guò)17，make ones way

55、 to 在某人去的路上（當(dāng)后接地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)，應(yīng)省略介詞to）18，一段時(shí)間+ ago 之前，用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)19，omplete v 完成 adj. 完整的 completely 徹底地；完全地20， the rest of “其余的，剩下的” ,21，silence n 沉默 silent 沉默；緘默；無(wú)聲in silence 沉默地、無(wú)聲地 = silently keep silent 保持沉默22，remember to do sth與remember doing sth的用法區(qū)別。remember to do sth記得去做某事（此事還未做）remember doing sth記得做過(guò)某事

56、（此事已做完）23，take down 拆掉；拆毀24，hear的用法25，hear意為“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的結(jié)果?！窘Y(jié)構(gòu)】：hear sb. do sth聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人做某事；hear sb. doing sth聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人正在做某事hear也有“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”之意，這時(shí)后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。hear about意為“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”，相當(dāng)于hear of，后面接詞或短語(yǔ)。hear from意為“收到.的來(lái)信；有.的消息”，=get/receive a letter from.26，trouble n 困難； 苦惱； 憂(yōu)慮in trouble 處于困境中 get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境 （2）have trouble （in）doing sth 做某事有麻煩have