新托福寫作基礎(chǔ)講義可編輯

1、 新托福基礎(chǔ)寫作講義Course Design:Part 1 About Grammar Part 2 About VocabularyPart 3 About Expressions Part 1 About Grammar 1 Basic Sentence Structure/Gerunds/InfinitivesCheck-UpA.Mark the subject, verb, object, and complement in each sentence as shown in the example. 1 Laughter improves health by lowering st

2、ress hormones.2 Friends are one of the most important influences on young adults.3 Our city should build a new library for our children.4 I found it helpful to listen to others' advice when making an important decision.5 Every morning, I exercise.6 A happy life requires an optimistic attitude.7

3、Some people change their jobs very frequently.8 I was a child when I lived in a different country.9 Inexperienced workers earn less money than experienced ones.10 I could almost not breathe because of the stuffy atmosphere.11 Many immigrants have a hard time adjusting to a new culture.12 Our communi

4、ty offers students various after-school activities.13 Modern apartment buildings are too expensive in my town.14 Universities give students many opportunities to learn a variety of subjects.B. Correct the errors in the following sentences. Some sentences have no errors.1 People should ask the advice

5、 of others before move to other cities.人們應(yīng)該在遷居至其他城市之前詢問他人的意見。2 It is important for students to studying history and literature.對(duì)學(xué)生來說，學(xué)習(xí)歷史和文學(xué)很重要。3 Some people prefer working for a large company to work for a small company.比起在小公司工作，有些人更喜歡在大公司工作。4 People have different ways spending their time.人們用不同的方式

6、打發(fā)時(shí)間。5 Children love to watch television, but they dislike to watch informative programs.孩子們喜歡看電視，但是他們不喜歡看信息類節(jié)目。6 Working for others means that you should follow their rules.為他人工作意味著你得遵守他人的規(guī)則。7 In order to live a healthy life, you need exercising regularly.要活得健康，就要定期鍛煉。8 Experts recommend to take so

7、me time to laugh when you get dressed out.專家建議，有壓力時(shí)要經(jīng)常大笑。9 Traveling gives us the opportunity of meeting new people.旅行為我們提供了認(rèn)識(shí)新朋友的機(jī)會(huì)。10 Learning how to spend money is as important as to learn how to save it.學(xué)習(xí)如何花錢與學(xué)習(xí)如何攢錢同樣重要。11 The government should spend more money to improve public transportation.

8、政府應(yīng)投人更多的財(cái)力改善公共交通。12 People work because needing money to live.人們工作是因?yàn)樾枰X生活。C. Translate the following into English by putting the given words and phrases in the right order.1 孩子們最初從家里學(xué)習(xí)社會(huì)技能。 from their family / children / social skills / learning / start 2二手經(jīng)驗(yàn)與一手經(jīng)驗(yàn)同樣重要。 firsthand experience / as / s

9、econdhand experience / is / important / as 3環(huán)游世界需要大量的時(shí)間和金錢。 a lot of / traveling / time and money/ around the world/ requires 4我們所有人都要對(duì)空氣污染負(fù)責(zé)任。 are / all of us / responsible / air pollution / for 5傳記比小說更能激發(fā)我的興趣。 a novel/ my interest / than / stimulates / more / a biography 6 人們穿制服時(shí)往住表現(xiàn)得不同。 people /

10、wear uniforms / tend/ when / to behave / they /differently 7現(xiàn)在，學(xué)生經(jīng)常在課堂上給朋友發(fā)短信。 their friends / nowadays / send / during their classes / frequently / text messages / students 8電視使我們的積極性陣低，對(duì)我們的行為有消極影響。 television / by making / has / on our behavior / less active / a negative influence / us 9目前的學(xué)校課程應(yīng)該調(diào)

11、整，以滿足學(xué)生的各種需要。 various needs / should change / school curriculum / to meet / the current / the students' 10徹底審查所有資科后，方能作出公正的判決。 all the information/a thorough examination / can be made / after / of / an impartial judgment D. Using the given words or phrases, translate the following into English.1

12、 人們認(rèn)為金錢使人快樂。（make happy）2寫日記是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。（keep a diary 3我想住在宿舍，和學(xué)校的朋友們共度時(shí)光。 live in a dormitory 4 沒有人喜歡為別人善后。 clean up after 5有些人過于自大而聽不進(jìn)別人的話。 tooto-v 6宇宙中有很多可以探索的東西。 explore 7我們首先要考慮的是，花盡可能多的時(shí)間與家人在一起。 spend time 8對(duì)名人來說，擁有隱私并不容易。 have privacy 9體罰孩子無益于教育。 punish physically 10有些國(guó)家研制核武器來保護(hù)自己。 defend oneself

13、11我需要幾個(gè)可以信任的朋友。 trust 12正確穿著傳統(tǒng)服裝很難。 traditional clothes ETranslate the following into English.1領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者應(yīng)善于清晰、坦率地傳達(dá)信息。2我從父母那里得到了最有價(jià)值的教訓(xùn)。3現(xiàn)代人到哪兒都帶著手機(jī)。4熱帶雨林為我們提供了大量氧氣。5學(xué)外語(yǔ)時(shí)，好好利用字典是很重要的。6大學(xué)要求學(xué)生保持好成績(jī)。7現(xiàn)代技術(shù)使我們與住在其他國(guó)家的人能夠面對(duì)面交流。8大自然教給我們?cè)趯W(xué)校無法學(xué)到的知識(shí)。9要成為一名好市民，就應(yīng)遵紀(jì)守法。10騎自行車既有利于健康，又令人興奮。11我想游歷歐洲的所有國(guó)家。12比起與他人分享，內(nèi)向的人更喜

14、歡獨(dú)自思考。F. Complete the following paragraphs in English.1考慮到安全因索，與其住在大城市，我寧愿在小城鎮(zhèn)生活。在大城市里，人們既不了解住在隔壁的人，也不關(guān)心鄰居的安全。_In a big city, people neither know who lives next door to them, nor are they concerned about their neighbors' safety.2有些人更喜歡假期待在家里而不外出。因?yàn)樗麄兛梢栽诩铱措娪埃冗^舒適的時(shí)光，而不必外出花錢。_That is because they

15、can have a more comfortable time watching movies at home than spending money outside.3我們可以通過聽老人講故事了解生活。他們閱歷豐富，很樂意把所學(xué)的教給我們。_They have gone through a lot of things, and they are ready to teach us what they have learned. 4友誼的建立非一日之功。為了建立良好的友誼，你必須對(duì)朋友真誠(chéng)，不應(yīng)該批評(píng)他們。Friendship is not built in one day._5家長(zhǎng)不應(yīng)該讓

16、孩子看電視。因?yàn)楹⒆尤狈γ鞔_的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，他們可能會(huì)盡力模仿電視中的暴力行為。Parents should not allow their children to watch television._6讀書并非總有益于心理健康。例如，只讀漫畫書可能會(huì)對(duì)心理健康有害。因此，家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該建議他們的孩子讀好書，如傳記、短篇小說或詩(shī)歌選集。_For example, if you read nothing but comic books, it may be harmful to your mantel health. Therefore, parents should advise their child

17、ren to read good books, such as biographies, short stories, or poetry books.2 Participles / VoiceCheck-upA . Fill in each blank with the correct form of the given verb.1 I found documentaries_. bore 我發(fā)現(xiàn)紀(jì)錄片很枯燥。2 There is a heavy rain_ in the countryside. fall 鄉(xiāng)村正下著大雨。3 Some students _to participate i

18、n extracurricular activities. require 一些學(xué)生被要求參加課外活動(dòng)。4 People _ others secrets are trustworthy. keep 保守他人的秘密的人是可以信賴的。5 South Korea _ rapidly since the Korean War. develop 朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后，韓國(guó)迅速發(fā)展。6 Parents are now_ that there is too much violence on television. complain 家長(zhǎng)們現(xiàn)在都在抱怨電視節(jié)目中暴力太多。7 We should have_ the f

19、ood shortage. prevent 我們本應(yīng)避免食物短缺。8 Adolescents_ on television are often rebellious. show 電視書目中的青少年通常很叛逆。9 The greenhouse effect will_ many countries in danger. put 溫室效應(yīng)將會(huì)使許多國(guó)家面臨危險(xiǎn)。10 Plastic bottles should_. recycle 塑料瓶應(yīng)該回收利用。11 Every person _ a knack for something. have 每個(gè)人都有一技之長(zhǎng)。12 Ten years ago,

20、public transportation_ more frequently than nowadays. use 十年前，公共交通工具比現(xiàn)在使用得更頻繁。B. Correct the errors in the following sentences. Some sentences have no errors.1 Usually, people live in rural areas are friendly.通常，生活在鄉(xiāng)村的人都很友好。2 The polluting air may cause lung cancer.空氣污染可能導(dǎo)致肺癌。3 Nuclear weapons shoul

21、d not used in any circumstances.任何情況下都不應(yīng)該使用核武器。4 In my opinion, a lecture class is more tired than a discussion class.在我看來，講座課比討論課更令人厭倦。5 Children raising in large families usually get along well with others.在大家庭里長(zhǎng)大的孩子通常能與他人和睦相處。6 Many scholars have acknowledged the negative impact of the media.許多學(xué)者

22、已經(jīng)承認(rèn)媒體的消極影響。7 Generally speaking, a lot of people using computers to get updated information.通常來說，許多人使用計(jì)算機(jī)獲取最新信息。8 Young children should not permitted to travel by themselves.不應(yīng)該讓小孩兒獨(dú)自旅行。9 The president of our country elects every five years.在我國(guó)，每五年進(jìn)行一次總統(tǒng)選舉。10 Addicting to the Internet, some childre

23、n feel awkward when talking to others face to face.因?yàn)槌撩杂诰W(wǎng)絡(luò)，一些孩子在與別人面面交涉時(shí)覺得不自在。11 It is important that foreign language classes be staffed with good teachers.外語(yǔ)課配備好老師很重要。12 Natural sciences give us insight into the future as well as teaching us about the origin of the world. 自然科學(xué)除了教會(huì)我們世界的起源，還讓我們對(duì)未來有所

24、了解。C. Translate the following into English by putting the given words and phrases in the right order.1人們可以通過工作尋找生活中的目標(biāo)。 in life / people / their goals / by doing / find / their jobs 2許多哲學(xué)問題遺留下來無法回答。 are left / many / unanswered / philosophical question 3通過自學(xué)，你可以練習(xí)推理。 you / by learning /can practice

25、/ by yourself / reasoning 4與高中畢業(yè)生相比，高等院校畢業(yè)生或許有更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)。 may have / compared with / college graduates / more job opportunities / high school graduates 5去露營(yíng)之前，你應(yīng)該先了解一下天氣。 check / before / the weather / you should /going camping / first 6我們應(yīng)該做好準(zhǔn)備以應(yīng)付任何可能發(fā)生的自然災(zāi)害。 any possible / be prepared for / natural d

26、isasters / we should 7現(xiàn)在，人們對(duì)名人的私生活特別感興趣。 too / people are / nowadays / celebrities' private lives / interested in 8未解決的環(huán)境問題可能會(huì)威脅我們的未來。 may threaten / unsolved / our future /environmental problem 9 有些人說，教師應(yīng)該由學(xué)生來評(píng)價(jià)。（say / be evaluated / teachers should / by their students / some people 10我們不僅受老人影響

27、，也受年輕人影響。 young people / are influenced by /older people / we / as well as D. Translate the following into English.1 沒有任何事情是僅僅靠運(yùn)氣就能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。2孩子很容易被新事物吸引。3一次食言就有可能傷害友誼。4歷經(jīng)磨難之后，你會(huì)到達(dá)一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。5發(fā)明電之前，我們過著節(jié)奏緩慢的生活。6如果有更多人關(guān)心社會(huì)福利，世界將成為更好的生活空間。7有時(shí)，孩子們對(duì)電視上的所有信息是否都屬實(shí)感到困惑。8我們必須拯救地球，使其免遭進(jìn)一步的破壞。9同別人說話時(shí)，你應(yīng)該和他進(jìn)行目光接觸。10如果允許我

28、選擇居住地，我會(huì)選擇紐約。11自我激勵(lì)的人更喜歡獨(dú)自工作。12人們公認(rèn)孩子會(huì)模仿他們的父母，所以父母應(yīng)該試著樹立好榜樣。E. Complete the following paragraphs in English.1與大城市的生活相比，小城鎮(zhèn)的生活聽起來對(duì)我更有吸引力。在小城鎮(zhèn)生活，我可以認(rèn)識(shí)所有的鄰居。這種社會(huì)交往有助于避免可能的犯罪。_Living in a small town, I may get to know all of my neighbors. This social interaction will help protect me from possible crimes

29、.2我認(rèn)為一個(gè)人的個(gè)性是在孩提時(shí)代由其父母決定的。例如：被寵壞的孩子長(zhǎng)大后很可能變得以自我為中心。反之，被忽視的孩子很可能成為缺乏自信的人。I believe that a person's personality is determined by his parents during his childhood_On the contrary, neglected children tend to develop low self-esteem.3以我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)判斷，法國(guó)比其他任何國(guó)家都迷人。巴黎更被稱作“藝術(shù)與建筑之城”?？紤]到這一點(diǎn)，如果有機(jī)會(huì)我想再去法國(guó)游玩。_Paris espe

30、cially has been called a city of art and architecture. Considering that, I would like to visit France again if I had a chance.4致力于社會(huì)活動(dòng)的名人經(jīng)常參加社會(huì)活動(dòng)。他們的參與非常鼓舞人心，因?yàn)槿藗兛偸锹爮乃麄兊奶?hào)召。然而，當(dāng)他們誤導(dǎo)公眾時(shí)，他們也可能對(duì)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。Socially engaged celebrities often participate in social movements._However, they may cause bad conse

31、quences for the movement when they misinform the public.5 電視對(duì)兒童有害，特別是幼童很容易受電視節(jié)目的影響。舉例來說，據(jù)說嬰兒看電視過多可能患孤獨(dú)癥。Television is bad for children._For instance, it is said that infants who watch television too much may become autistic.3 Parallelism and ComparisonCheck-upA. Fill in each blank with the correct f

32、orm of the given word. 1 Owing to the Internet, information searches have become_ and faster. easy 由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，信息搜索變得更加簡(jiǎn)單、快捷。2 Smoking heavily and _ too much are bad habits that will harm your health. drink 大量吸煙與酗酒是不良習(xí)慣，有害健康。3 In my opinion, the violin makes _ sound of all musical instruments. beautiful 我

33、認(rèn)為小提琴是所有樂器中聲音最美妙的。4 Usually, the speeches of good leaders are either persuasive or_. inform 通常，優(yōu)秀領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的發(fā)言要么有說服力，要么有教益。5 Adventurous people are neither afraid of failure nor_ about danger. worry 喜歡探險(xiǎn)的人既不懼怕失敗，也不擔(dān)心危險(xiǎn)。6 Living with a stranger is not as enjoyable as_ with your friend. live 和陌生人一起住并不像和朋友一起住

34、那么愉快。7 Dogs are_ toward humans than any other pet. friendly 狗是所有寵物中對(duì)人類最友好的。8 Some people fell more comfortable when they are along than_ are with others. they 比起和他人在一起，有些人覺得獨(dú)處更舒服。9 We need formal education not only_, knowledge but also to learn social skills. they 我們需要正規(guī)教育，這不僅是為了獲得知識(shí)，也是為了學(xué)習(xí)社會(huì)技能。10 S

35、ome documentaries are as _as lectures. education 有些紀(jì)錄片和講座一樣有教育意義。11 The harder you work, _ you will get to your dream. close 你工作越努力，離實(shí)現(xiàn)你的夢(mèng)想就越近。12 Some classes are too boring to concentrate or_ to catch up with. fast 有些課要么太枯燥無法全神貫注，要么太快跟不上。 B. Translate the following into English by putting the given

36、 words and phrases in the right order.1 住在城里要比住在鄉(xiāng)村花費(fèi)大。 than / is / living in the country / more expensive / living in the city 2比起獨(dú)自一人，和朋友在一起時(shí)我感到更安心。 when I am alone / more confident / with my friends / I feel / than / when I am 3我希望學(xué)校能買更多電腦，而不是更多書。 our school / not more books / more computers / I h

37、ope / will buy 4現(xiàn)在，教師的專業(yè)知識(shí)比任何品質(zhì)都重要。 than any other / today / more important / expertise / a teacher / quality / is 5經(jīng)商要比買房花費(fèi)大。 to run a business / much more money / it costs / to buy a house / than 6整天坐著看電視的人既不能保持身體健康，也沒有健康的心理。 nor / a couch potato / have a sound mind / stay in shape / can / neither

38、 7學(xué)術(shù)成就沒有一個(gè)人的健康重要。 is not as /important / academic achievement / one's health / as 8青少年跟朋友在一起的時(shí)間要比同父母在一起的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。 than / with their friends / adolescents / with their parents / spend more time 9垃圾食品，如比薩、漢堡和汽水，對(duì)健康無益。 such as / for ones health / junk foods / pizza, hamburger ,and soda / are not good 10

39、人們?cè)诤⑻釙r(shí)代得到最重要的教訓(xùn)。 in their childhood / learn / the most important / people / lessons C. Using the given words or phrases, translate the following into English.1 有些成年人和孩子一樣無知。（as-as）2人們經(jīng)常逃避危險(xiǎn)、臟污或難做的工作。 avoid 3當(dāng)小組的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者比做一名成員壓力大得多。 more stressful 4老師不應(yīng)該教學(xué)生相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而應(yīng)該教他們合作。 not-but）5 一旦高中畢業(yè)，你就可以找工作或者上大學(xué)。 eit

40、her-or）6 有些網(wǎng)站對(duì)成年人和未成年人都不適宜。 both-and 7通常，恐怖電影不僅恐怖，而且暴力。 not only-but also 8報(bào)紙和雜志都是很好的獲取常識(shí)的來源。 both-and 9你可以從書中和老師那里學(xué)到同樣多的東西。 as-as 10傳統(tǒng)服裝可以在傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日穿，也可以在正式場(chǎng)合穿。 either-or 11要成為一名藝術(shù)家，創(chuàng)造力與其他素質(zhì)同等重要。 as-as any 12我們可以從歷史小說中和歷史課上學(xué)到同樣多的歷史事實(shí)。 so-as D. Correct the errors in the following sentences. Some sentence

41、s have no errors.1 游戲?qū)和统赡耆送瑯又匾?，我非常同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。據(jù)說，游戲可以教人學(xué)會(huì)合作，它是最重要的成功因素之一，還教人如何贏得挑戰(zhàn)。I agree with the idea that games are as important for adults as they are for children._2如果在照相機(jī)、足球和動(dòng)物三者中選擇，我會(huì)選擇給孩子一個(gè)足球。最近，孩子們大多數(shù)時(shí)間都在室內(nèi)，所以我想給孩子一個(gè)到室外玩兒的機(jī)會(huì)。你可以在任何地方用照相機(jī)或和小動(dòng)物玩，卻不能在室內(nèi)踢足球。Given the choice between a camera, a so

42、ccer bell, and an animal, I would choose to give a child a soccer ball. These days, children tend to spend too much time indoors, so I want to give the child a chance to play outside._3學(xué)生去上學(xué)不僅是因?yàn)樗麄冃枰邮苷?guī)段育，還因?yàn)樗麄冃枰獙W(xué)習(xí)如何適應(yīng)社會(huì)。通過和朋友們一起玩以及遵守學(xué)校規(guī)定，他們可以了解杜會(huì)。_.By playing with their friends and following schoo

43、l rules, they can learn about society.4比起手工制品，我更喜歡機(jī)器制造的。通常，手工材料不僅昂貴，而且極易損壞。相反，機(jī)器制造的產(chǎn)品通常便宜、耐用，便于操作。1 prefer machine-made items to handmade ones._On the contrary, machine-made products are mostly cheap, strong, and easy to handle.5過周末的最好方式就是在家休息。無論上學(xué)還是工作，我們身邊總是圍繞著很多人。有時(shí)，我們也需要遠(yuǎn)離他人，享受獨(dú)處的時(shí)光。The best way

44、to spend a weekend is to take a rest at home._Sometimes, we need to get away from others and enjoy being alone.6我認(rèn)為，餐廳是家里最重要的房間。因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)人經(jīng)常在外而很少在家，吃飯時(shí)間通常是家人唯一齊聚一堂的時(shí)間。那時(shí)，餐廳就為家人提供了交談的空間。I believe the dining room is the most important room in a house._At that time, the dining room provides a space where f

45、amily members can talk to each other.4 Noun Clauses /Adjective ClausesCheck-upA. Translate the following into English.1 People think_ they have vacations to take breaks from their daily routines.人們認(rèn)為他們可以利用假期從日常生活中獲得片刻休息。2 It is true _ most adolescents are rebellious.的確，大多數(shù)青少年都很叛逆。3 I hope to have a

46、job_ I can earn a lot of money.我希望有一份可以賺很多錢的工作。4 _ you are rich or poor does not decide your worth.你是富有還是貧窮不能決定你的價(jià)值。5 Scientists have studied_ can be done to stop global warming.科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)在研究做什么可以阻止全球變暖。6 I trust Susan, a friend_ always takes my side.我相信蘇珊這個(gè)朋友，因?yàn)樗偸侵С治摇? Many people do not know_ serious

47、 Internet crimes are.許多人都不清楚網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪有多嚴(yán)重。8 I like discussion classes in_ I can express my opinions.我喜歡討論課，我可以在課堂上表達(dá)我的觀點(diǎn)。9 Some moviegoers do not like a movie _ story is too simple.一些?？措娪暗娜瞬幌矚g情節(jié)過于簡(jiǎn)單的電影。10 _ a good teacher should do is to encourage his students to try harder.一個(gè)好老師應(yīng)該做的是鼓勵(lì)他的學(xué)生努力嘗試。11 My par

48、ents told me_ I should not take advantage of others.我的父母教導(dǎo)我不應(yīng)該利用他人。12 The question is _ there is something we can learn from video games or not.問題是電子游戲中有沒有我們可以學(xué)習(xí)的東西。B. Correct the errors in the following sentences. Some sentences have no errors.1 It is you which decides your future.你的未來由你自己決定。2 I do

49、 not believe what our future has already been decided.我不相信我們的未來已經(jīng)被決定好了。3 Expensive restaurants do not let in people who clothing is untidy.豪華餐廳不允許衣冠不整的人進(jìn)入。4 We should decide now that we can do for the next generation.我們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該決定我們可以為下一代做些什么。5 A number of people make online communities which they can ma

50、ke friends.許多人建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)社區(qū)來交朋友。6 The government should help people who cannot take care of themselves.政府應(yīng)該幫助那些沒有自理能力的人。7 I would like to build a small house that I can live with my family.我想建一棟可以和家人同住的小房子。8 You should follow your own rules what guide your behavior.你應(yīng)該遵循能指導(dǎo)你行為的原則。9 Scientists wonder why we will have another ice age in the future or not.科學(xué)家們想知道未來是否還會(huì)有一個(gè)冰河世紀(jì)。10 Some people do not realize how much we rely on natural resources.有些人還沒有意識(shí)到我們對(duì)自然資源有多依賴。11 Who are confident in their knowledge do not hesitate to speak in public.對(duì)自己的學(xué)識(shí)有信心的人會(huì)毫不猶豫的在公眾前講話。12 There is no