涂裝常見缺陷分析

1、6/20/20222漆膜缺陷原因分類:Product problems)Application problems) Equipment problems) Environment Cause) (Colour problems) 6/20/20223漆膜硬度不夠（漆膜硬度不夠（weak):描述描述(DESCRIPTION)表現(xiàn)為漆膜軟表現(xiàn)為漆膜軟, 很容易被很容易被劃傷；劃傷； 相應(yīng)的相應(yīng)的耐溶劑性能表現(xiàn)耐溶劑性能表現(xiàn)差。差。6/20/20224原因（原因（cause)： 通常是漆膜樹酯交鏈不夠好通常是漆膜樹酯交鏈不夠好，而交鏈不夠的主要因素有：而交鏈不夠的主要因素有：樹酯分子選擇不合適；樹酯

2、分子選擇不合適；未完全干燥；未完全干燥；高溫漆或雙組份漆烘烤溫度不夠；高溫漆或雙組份漆烘烤溫度不夠；雙組份漆固化劑配比不對。雙組份漆固化劑配比不對。6/20/20225起泡（起泡（blowing)：6/20/20226起泡的原因起泡的原因(cause)：通常是基底有銹跡通常是基底有銹跡(擴大）擴大）、污垢、小、污垢、小凹孔、磷化渣質(zhì)、水汽等被封在漆膜凹孔、磷化渣質(zhì)、水汽等被封在漆膜底下，漆膜在烤干或受熱底下，漆膜在烤干或受熱（受熱膨脹）（受熱膨脹）時，這些物質(zhì)彭漲將漆膜頂起造成。時，這些物質(zhì)彭漲將漆膜頂起造成。6/20/20227起泡的原因：起泡的原因：底下有底下有Money!6/20/202

3、28溶劑泡（溶劑泡（Solvent Popping ）描述（描述（DESCRIPTION）新噴漆膜表面有直徑小于新噴漆膜表面有直徑小于1MM的小氣泡。的小氣泡。Open topped blisters up to 1mm in diameter on the surface of the most recently applied paint film.6/20/20229溶劑泡（溶劑泡（Solvent Popping ）起因（起因（CAUSE）Air or solvent vapour trapped by fast drying paint forming a skin. This may

4、 be due to:a) 天那水太差或太快干。天那水太差或太快干。poor quality or too fast thinner. b) 噴得太厚或兩層漆之間干燥時間不夠。噴得太厚或兩層漆之間干燥時間不夠。excessive film thickness, or insufficient drying time between coats. c) 壓縮空氣壓力太低。壓縮空氣壓力太低。compressed air pressure too low. d) 加熱太快。加熱太快。drying temperature too high, heat source too close to the f

5、ilm, too hot, or applied too soon.6/20/202210溶劑泡（溶劑泡（Solvent Popping ）n預(yù)防（預(yù)防（PREVENTION）na) 確保工件表面清潔確保工件表面清潔Ensure that the surface is scrupulously clean.nb) 使用合適的天那水。使用合適的天那水。Use only recommended thinner.nc) 每層漆膜厚度合適，并適當閃干每層漆膜厚度合適，并適當閃干Apply paint in thin, wet films. Allow sufficient drying time be

6、tween coats.nd) 使用正確的噴漆壓力使用正確的噴漆壓力Use correct compressed air pressure.ne) 烘烤前適當流平，避免加熱過快，熱源過近。烘烤前適當流平，避免加熱過快，熱源過近。Allow sufficient flash off time before force drying, ensure that the correct drying temperature is not exceeded. Do not allow the heat source to be placed too close to the surface.6/20/2

7、02211針孔（針孔（Pinholing）描述（描述（DESCRIPTION）小凹穴，通常直徑小于小凹穴，通常直徑小于1MM。Small cavities, generally less than 1 mm in diameter, 6/20/202212針孔（針孔（Pinholing）預(yù)防（預(yù)防（PREVENTION ）a)一次不要噴得太厚。一次不要噴得太厚。Do not spray too thick one time, b)烘烤之前適當流平。烘烤之前適當流平。Flashing the film before baking.c) 使用涂料廠商推薦的附料。使用涂料廠商推薦的附料。Use on

8、ly recommended materials. d) 正確調(diào)配油漆，使用較慢干稀釋劑。正確調(diào)配油漆，使用較慢干稀釋劑。Mix the paint correctly, use slow dry thinner.E）保持底材干凈。保持底材干凈。)Keep materials clean.6/20/202213魚眼魚眼/ Fish Eyes (cissing)好可愛噢，真的象魚眼睛呢！6/20/202214產(chǎn)生魚眼的原因產(chǎn)生魚眼的原因(cause)：放大之后中間有核放大之后中間有核,通常是通常是*素材被含硅素材被含硅silicon類的物質(zhì)污染。類的物質(zhì)污染。*素材未很好清潔。素材未很好清潔。*

9、 *裸手接觸工件。裸手接觸工件。* *油漆一次噴涂太濕。油漆一次噴涂太濕。* *油漆體質(zhì)敏感。油漆體質(zhì)敏感。6/20/202215預(yù)防預(yù)防(PREVENTION)魚眼的產(chǎn)生魚眼的產(chǎn)生a) Keep the part away from silicone pollution b) Thoroughly clean the surface with wax and grease remover. Do not allow cleaning solvents to dry on the surface but remove with a clean dry cloth,c) Always use t

10、he recommended materials. d) Ensure that the spraying area is properly ventilated.6/20/202216與魚眼相似的其它缺陷與魚眼相似的其它缺陷 1.水泡水泡(blister)n工件表面被濺上水珠。n你見過水性漆出現(xiàn)此缺陷嗎？6/20/202217與魚眼相似的其它缺陷與魚眼相似的其它缺陷 2.油污油污(oil pollution)n工件表面被輕質(zhì)油工件表面被輕質(zhì)油污染污染.6/20/202218起云起云/斑紋斑紋,(Clouding / Mottling )6/20/202219起云起云/斑紋斑紋,(Cloudi

11、ng / Mottling )起因起因:常見于銀粉漆，主要是銀粉排列不一致。主要原因有：十字交叉噴涂；使用太差的稀釋劑；或稀釋劑加入太少。槍未調(diào)好；噴涂手法不正確。 5素材厚薄不一（這種情況常叫應(yīng)力紋）。6/20/202220應(yīng)力紋應(yīng)力紋(mapping):在5220機殼上常出現(xiàn)應(yīng)力紋的地方6/20/202221臟點臟點/塵點塵點/異色點異色點(Dirt / threads / Bits) 6/20/202222臟點臟點/纖維纖維/異色點（異色點（Dirt / threads / Bits）6/20/202223臟點臟點/纖維纖維/異色點（異色點（Dirt / threads / Bits）n

12、此類缺陷目前占有此類缺陷目前占有相當大的比例，您相當大的比例，您知道其主要原因是知道其主要原因是什么嗎什么嗎？6/20/202224顆粒顆粒(particles)產(chǎn)生原因產(chǎn)生原因素材本身灰塵未被去除；素材本身灰塵未被去除；油漆未過濾，油漆未過濾， 或濾網(wǎng)太粗或濾網(wǎng)太粗或太臟；或太臟；噴房、流平間、烤房等環(huán)噴房、流平間、烤房等環(huán)境被污染；境被污染；調(diào)漆間臟污，油漆未蓋好；調(diào)漆間臟污，油漆未蓋好；調(diào)漆罐、供漆管路、噴槍調(diào)漆罐、供漆管路、噴槍清洗不夠。清洗不夠。壓縮空氣未過濾，或濾網(wǎng)壓縮空氣未過濾，或濾網(wǎng)太臟。太臟。6/20/202225纖維或毛絲：纖維或毛絲：n主要來自衣服纖維，主要來自衣服纖維，

13、人員走動太多，未人員走動太多，未穿防塵衣。穿防塵衣。n也有來自劣質(zhì)空氣也有來自劣質(zhì)空氣過濾網(wǎng)。過濾網(wǎng)。6/20/202226當這類缺陷很多時，當這類缺陷很多時， 怎么辦？怎么辦？What can I do?6/20/202227建議n當這類缺陷很多時，建議將缺陷樣品抽當這類缺陷很多時，建議將缺陷樣品抽取取30-5030-50片進行詳細分類（有必要的話，片進行詳細分類（有必要的話，使用放大鏡觀察缺陷形狀、顏色等），使用放大鏡觀察缺陷形狀、顏色等），然后分析原因然后分析原因 改善改善 檢察改善效果檢察改善效果 制定制定SOP SOP 貫徹執(zhí)行貫徹執(zhí)行SOPSOP。6/20/202228干噴干噴/異

14、常光澤低異常光澤低（Dry spray/loss of gloss)描述（描述（DESCRIPTION）雖然漆膜表面光滑雖然漆膜表面光滑,但漆膜表面光澤異常偏低但漆膜表面光澤異常偏低. Although apparently smooth and evenly applied, the surface lacks shine.6/20/202229n起因起因(CAUSE)nMicroscopic roughness of the surface which may result from:na)底漆太差或底漆未干就噴面漆底漆太差或底漆未干就噴面漆. poor hold out of prime

15、r, or the application of topcoat over primer which is not thoroughly dry.nb)稀釋劑太差或加了不合適的添加劑稀釋劑太差或加了不合適的添加劑. poor quality or incorrect thinner, or the use of additives in the paint. nc) 素材前處理不當或噴漆手法不對素材前處理不當或噴漆手法不對. incorrectly prepared or poorly applied paint.nd)素材質(zhì)量太差素材質(zhì)量太差application over a poor s

16、ubstrate. ne) 高濕低溫時漆膜干燥太慢高濕低溫時漆膜干燥太慢. excessively slow drying due to high humidity or low temperature.nf)溶劑蒸氣在漆膜表面冷凝溶劑蒸氣在漆膜表面冷凝. solvent fumes or exhaust gases attacking the surface.ng)表面被污染表面被污染. surface contamination by wax, grease, oil, soap or water.6/20/202230預(yù)防（預(yù)防（PREVENTION ）a) 選擇正確種類和比例的稀釋劑選

17、擇正確種類和比例的稀釋劑Use the correct proportion of recommended thinner.b) 正確的噴漆手法正確的噴漆手法: 槍距槍距, 扇形扇形, 氣壓氣壓Use correct spraying techniques, ensure that equipment is clean, set air pressure as low as possible, consistent with proper atomisation, spray from the correct distance.c) 使用合適的噴房使用合適的噴房, 確保噴房有良好的空確保噴房有

18、良好的空氣流通氣流通. Use a spray booth, and ensure that air circulation and extraction is at the correct velocity.6/20/202231漆膜太薄漆膜太薄Inadequate Colour Coverage描述（描述（DESCRIPTION）漆膜過薄可見底材漆膜過薄可見底材, 通常出現(xiàn)在比較難噴涂的底通常出現(xiàn)在比較難噴涂的底側(cè)面等地方側(cè)面等地方. Underlying surfaces visible through the paint film, most frequently in hard to

19、 spray areas, on lower panels or on sharp edges and contours.6/20/202232n預(yù)防（預(yù)防（PREVENTION）na) 使用合適的噴涂方法確保合適的漆膜使用合適的噴涂方法確保合適的漆膜厚度厚度. Use the correct spraying technique, ensure even and adequate film thickness.nb) 使用合適的治具使用合適的治具, 合適的燈光照明合適的燈光照明; 特特別注意難噴涂表面別注意難噴涂表面. Work under good lighting conditions

20、in a properly sized spray booth, pay special attention to inaccessible areas.nc) 確保漆料混合均勻確保漆料混合均勻. Ensure that the materials are thoroughly mixed. 6/20/202233橘皮（橘皮（Orange Peel ）描述（描述（DESCRIPTION ）漆膜表面不平整如同桔子皮表面. Pebbled, uneven surface of the paint film, similar in appearance to orange skin.6/20/202

21、234橘皮（橘皮（Orange Peel）起因起因(CAUSE)a) 噴漆手法太差噴漆手法太差, 槍距槍距, 空氣壓力、出漆量調(diào)節(jié)不空氣壓力、出漆量調(diào)節(jié)不合適。合適。b) 漆膜不要噴得太厚或太薄。漆膜不要噴得太厚或太薄。c) c) 油漆品質(zhì)太差、粘度調(diào)整不合適、混合不均油漆品質(zhì)太差、粘度調(diào)整不合適、混合不均勻。勻。 d) 兩層漆之間干燥不夠。兩層漆之間干燥不夠。Insufficient drying time between coats. e) 工件表面溫度不正常。工件表面溫度不正常。Incorrect ambient or surface temperature, draughts.6/20

22、/202235橘皮（橘皮（Orange Peel）n預(yù)防（PREVENTION ）na)使用正確的噴漆手法、正確調(diào)節(jié)噴槍。Use the correct spraying technique and ensure that equipment is correctly adjustednb)均勻噴漆。nc)使用合適的天那水，并調(diào)節(jié)到合適的粘度。 Ensure that the paint is correctly mixed, use only recommended thinner with the correct gradend) 兩層漆之間充分干燥。Allow sufficient dr

23、ying time between coatsne) 在合適的溫度范圍內(nèi)和良好的空氣流通條件下噴漆。Spray within the re-commended temperature range and ensure proper ventilation6/20/202236流掛（Runs / Sags ）描述描述(DESCRIPTION )通常在垂直面等處，出現(xiàn)漆膜局部過厚造成大波紋、通常在垂直面等處，出現(xiàn)漆膜局部過厚造成大波紋、乳頭現(xiàn)象。乳頭現(xiàn)象。Well defined local thickening of the paint film in the form of a wavy li

24、ne or shallow, rounded ridges, normally confined to sharply sloping or vertical surfaces.6/20/202237流掛（流掛（Runs / Sags ）n起因（起因（CAUSE） nSlumping of the paint film due to:na)噴得過厚，空氣壓力太低，扇形太窄，槍距太近，噴得過厚，空氣壓力太低，扇形太窄，槍距太近，運槍太慢。運槍太慢。Excess thickness of application, air pressure too low, fan width too narrow, spray gun too close to the surface or moving too slowly.nb)使用太差的天那水。使用太差的天那水。Use of poor quality or incorrect thinner.nc)粘度調(diào)整不正確。粘度調(diào)整不正確。Incorrect viscosity of the paint. nd