UnlockingtheClimatePuzzle

1、 冰河世紀(jì)，在地質(zhì)歷史上曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過氣候寒冷的冰河世紀(jì)，在地質(zhì)歷史上曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過氣候寒冷的大規(guī)模冰川活動(dòng)的時(shí)期，稱為大規(guī)模冰川活動(dòng)的時(shí)期，稱為冰期冰期（iceage）。）。這種冰期曾經(jīng)有過三次，即前寒武晚期、石炭這種冰期曾經(jīng)有過三次，即前寒武晚期、石炭二疊紀(jì)和二疊紀(jì)和第四紀(jì)第四紀(jì)。第四紀(jì)冰期第四紀(jì)冰期的遺跡最多，如的遺跡最多，如斯斯堪的納維亞半島堪的納維亞半島的峽灣，北歐、中歐、北美眾多的峽灣，北歐、中歐、北美眾多的冰磧殘丘，的冰磧殘丘，阿爾卑斯山阿爾卑斯山的的U型谷和陡峭的山峰，型谷和陡峭的山峰，法國和瑞士交界處侏羅山巨大的冰漂礫等，都是法國和瑞士交界處侏羅山巨大的冰漂礫等，都是第四紀(jì)冰川作用第

2、四紀(jì)冰川作用留下的產(chǎn)物。留下的產(chǎn)物。 大冰期的時(shí)間尺度大冰期的時(shí)間尺度達(dá)達(dá)107108年。大冰期內(nèi)又有多次大幅度的氣候年。大冰期內(nèi)又有多次大幅度的氣候冷暖交替和冰蓋規(guī)模的擴(kuò)展或退縮時(shí)期，這種擴(kuò)冷暖交替和冰蓋規(guī)模的擴(kuò)展或退縮時(shí)期，這種擴(kuò)展和退縮時(shí)期即為冰期和間冰期。展和退縮時(shí)期即為冰期和間冰期。Prefix Flu,Fluc,Flux-flow Air,water, molasses, and milk are all fluids.空氣，水，糖蜜及牛奶都是液體。 During November, the military situation situation remained fluid,

3、with advances and retreats by both sides.十一月份的時(shí)候，戰(zhàn)況不大穩(wěn)定，雙方皆有前進(jìn)及后退。 When prices are in a state of flux, many buyers delay purchases until conditions are more settled.物價(jià)波動(dòng)時(shí)，許多購買者皆延遲采購，直到狀況穩(wěn)定一點(diǎn)為止。 The discovery of gold in California in 1848 caused a large influx of settles from the East.加州在1848年發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金以后，

4、引來大批東部移民的流入。 Recently the price of a pound of tomatoes has fluctuated from a high of 45 cents to low of 2 cents.近來一磅蕃茄的價(jià)格在最高價(jià)四十五分與最低價(jià)二十九分之間波動(dòng)者。 Do you have to grope for words, or are you a fluent speaker?你得思考如何用字，還是你是一位流利的演說者。 fluctuate vi If something fluctuates, it changes a lot in an irregular wa

5、y. 變動(dòng);波動(dòng);上下浮動(dòng) Prices fluctuate from year to year. 物價(jià)年年波動(dòng)。 Body temperature can fluctuate if you are ill. 人患病后體溫可能會(huì)上下波動(dòng)。 The actual cost may fluctuate above and below that standard. 實(shí)際成本可在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)成本的上下范圍內(nèi)增減。 fluctuation n. Dont worry about tiny fluctuations in your weight. 不要為體重的細(xì)微變化擔(dān)心。 The calculations do

6、 not take into account any fluctuation in the share price. 這些計(jì)算沒有考慮到股價(jià)的波動(dòng)。 Imperil v. Something that imperils you puts you in danger. 使陷于危險(xiǎn)使陷于危險(xiǎn);危及危及 You imperilled the lives of other road users by your driving. 你的駕駛危及了其他路人的生命安全。 (synonym) peril, endanger, adj. perilous, dangerous, risky, ecological

7、 niche Noun(ecology) the status of an organism within its environment and community (affecting its survival as a species) synonym： niche 1.生態(tài)位 2.生物的生境及其作用。E.g. Each animal has its ecological niche. 每種動(dòng)物都有自己的生態(tài)位。 Global climate depends on combinations of factors ineracting in subtle and complex ways

8、that we do not yet fully understand. 全球氣候受到很多因素的影響，這些因素之間以微妙和復(fù)雜的方式相互影響，而我們對(duì)此還不完全了解。 It is possible that the warming observed during this century may have resulted from natural variation, even though the increase has been much more rapid than what the planet has witnessed over the past hundred centur

9、ies. 自然多樣性可能是導(dǎo)致本世紀(jì)已觀測到的氣候變暖的原因，盡管其變暖速度比這個(gè)星球在過去幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來所經(jīng)歷的要快得多。 Witness N見證人見證人;目擊者目擊者 1. A witness to an event such as an accident or crime is a person who saw it. Witnesses to the crash say they saw an explosion just before the disaster. 空難目擊者稱，就在災(zāi)難發(fā)生之前他們看見飛機(jī)發(fā)生了爆炸。 2. VERB 目睹目睹 If you witness someth

10、ing, you see it happen. Anyone who witnessed the attack should call the police. 目睹這次襲擊的人都應(yīng)向警方報(bào)告。 It was the quickest swimming lesson Id ever witnessed. 這是我所見過的最速成的游泳課。 3. 見證，經(jīng)歷見證，經(jīng)歷(事件、變化等事件、變化等) If you say that a place, period of time, or person witnessed a particular event or change, you mean that

11、 it happened in that place, during that period of time, or while that person was alive. India has witnessed many political changes in recent years. 印度近年來經(jīng)歷了很多政治變動(dòng)。 At present, we are witnessing another building boom. 當(dāng)前，我們又一次處于建筑繁榮期。 Ambiguous adj. If you describe something as ambiguous, you mean th

12、at it is unclear or confusing because it can be understood in more than one way. 含糊不清的含糊不清的;不明確的不明確的;模棱兩可的模棱兩可的 E.g. This agreement is very ambiguous and open to various interpretations. 這份協(xié)議非常含糊，可以有多種解釋。 The Foreign Secretarys remarks clarify an ambiguous statement issued earlier this week. 外交大臣的話對(duì)

13、本周較早時(shí)候發(fā)表的一份模棱兩可的聲明作出了澄清。 Ambiguity n. Mortgage N-COUNT 可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞 1. A mortgage is a loan of money which you get from a bank or building society in order to buy a house. 房屋抵房屋抵押貸款押貸款 .an increase in mortgage rates. 房屋抵押貸款利率的提高 2. VERB 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 抵押抵押(房屋、土地房屋、土地)借款借款 If you mortgage your house or land, you u

14、se it as a guarantee to a company in order to borrow money from them. They had to mortgage their home to pay the bills. 他們不得不抵押房屋借貸來支付這些款項(xiàng)。 .mortgaged homes. 按揭房 Marine Adj 1. is used to describe things relating to the sea or to the animals and plants that live in the sea. 海洋的海洋的;海生的海生的;海海產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)的 Marin

15、e .breeding grounds for marine life. 海洋生物的繁殖地 .research in marine biology. 海洋生物學(xué)研究 3. Adj Marine is used to describe things relating to ships and their movement at sea. 海船的海船的;海運(yùn)的海運(yùn)的;海事的海事的 .a solicitor specialising in marine law. 專攻海事法的律師 .marine insurance claims. 海事保險(xiǎn)索賠 Potent adj. Something that

16、is potent is very effective and powerful. 很有效的；強(qiáng)有力的 The drug is extremely potent, but causes unpleasant side effects. 這種藥藥效極強(qiáng)，但會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良的副作用。 mighty strong forceful powerful Combustion-burning 詞根：詞根：bust 表示燃燒 同根詞 n. combustion燃燒 (combust v.消耗消耗, 燃燒燃燒+ion動(dòng)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)作或狀態(tài)n.燃燒燃燒) v. combust消耗, 燃燒 (com共同共同+bust燃燒

17、燃燒v.消耗消耗, 燃燒燃燒) be to blame是應(yīng)受到責(zé)備、譴責(zé)、指責(zé)、怪罪，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的意思，在這個(gè)短語里to為介詞，blame為名詞，是責(zé)備、指責(zé)，責(zé)任的意思。 blame的兩個(gè)意思,一個(gè)是表示主動(dòng)的指責(zé)某人,一個(gè)是含有被動(dòng)含義的應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任 Who is blamed for starting the fire 誰被指責(zé)? Who is to blame for starting the fire 誰應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)? He is to blame for the accident. 他應(yīng)在事故中負(fù)責(zé). 1. The mother didnt know_to blame for the brok

18、en glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. what 2. I feel it is your husband who_for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame A A blame 做動(dòng)詞的用法 1. blame sb. for sth. /doing sth.為某事責(zé)備某人/責(zé)備某人做了某事。如: Many children are afraid of be

19、ing blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.許多孩子害怕講英語時(shí)犯錯(cuò)誤而受責(zé)備。 He blamed his teachers for his failure.他把自己的失敗歸咎于他的老師。 His companion, blamed for the accident, had not been driving carefully.他的同伴沒有謹(jǐn)慎駕駛,應(yīng)對(duì)事故負(fù)責(zé)。 2. blame sth. on sb.把某事歸咎于某人。 The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careles

20、s driving. 警察把那起交通事故歸咎于杰克的粗心駕駛。 She blamed the failure of their marriage on him. 她把婚姻的失敗歸咎于他。 3. be to blame (for)應(yīng)(為)承擔(dān)責(zé)任;該(為)受責(zé)備。注意此處不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 如: The children were not to blame for the accident. 那次事故怪不著孩子們。 He is more to blame than you. 是他更應(yīng)受責(zé)備,而不是你。 Who is to blame for starting the fire? 這場火災(zāi)該由誰負(fù)責(zé)

21、? I am in no way to blame. 決不該責(zé)備我。 blame用作名詞時(shí),常用于下列搭配: 1. accept/ bear/take the blame for sth.對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)任。 如: You must bear the blame for the accident. 你必須承擔(dān)造成這次事故的責(zé)任。 We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.我們愿對(duì)所發(fā)生的事負(fù)責(zé)。 2. put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.將某事歸咎于某人。 如: Shell put the blame o

22、n us if it turns out badly. 如果結(jié)果糟糕,她將會(huì)怪罪于我們。 He is trying to lay the blame on me. 他企圖把責(zé)任推給我。 If CQ2 emission increases are to blame for global warming, skeptics say, then temperatures should have raisen appreciably during the postwar economic boom, when fossil fuels were burned in escalating quantit

23、y. 懷疑者認(rèn)為，如果二氧化碳是導(dǎo)致全球變暖的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?，那么隨著戰(zhàn)后經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮，大量的化石燃料燃燒后，氣溫應(yīng)該一直不斷的增高。 Appreciably An appreciable amount or effect is large enough to be important or clearly noticed. 可覺察的；相當(dāng)大的；明顯的可覺察的；相當(dāng)大的；明顯的 This has not had an appreciable effect on production. 此事未對(duì)生產(chǎn)造成顯著影響。account for v.對(duì)負(fù)有責(zé)任；對(duì)做出解釋；說明的原因 1. be the reason or explanation for 2. give reasons for How do you account for this. 你對(duì)這件事怎么解釋? How do you account for the accident? 你怎么解釋那場事故? Jack could not account for his foolish mistake. 杰克無法解釋自己的愚蠢錯(cuò)誤。 Latitude 后綴（后綴（suffix）：）：-itude 表名詞,性質(zhì),狀態(tài)等 同綴詞 n. solitude孤獨(dú) (sol單獨(dú)單獨(dú)+itude狀態(tài)狀態(tài)單獨(dú)的狀態(tài)單獨(dú)的狀態(tài)孤獨(dú)孤