隧道開(kāi)挖ansys模擬分析

1、 隧道臺(tái)階法開(kāi)挖的有限元模擬分析1.力學(xué)模型的建立巖體的性質(zhì)是十分復(fù)雜的，在地下巖體的力學(xué)分析中，要全面考慮巖體的所有性質(zhì)幾乎是不可能的。建立巖體力學(xué)模型，是將一些影響巖石性質(zhì)的次要因素略去，抓住問(wèn)題的主要矛盾，即著眼于巖體的最主要的性質(zhì)。在模型中，簡(jiǎn)化的巖體性質(zhì)有強(qiáng)度、變形、還有巖體的連續(xù)性、各項(xiàng)同性及均勻性等?？紤]巖石的性質(zhì)和變形特性，以及外界因素的影響，采用的模型有彈性、塑性、彈塑性、粘彈性、粘彈塑性等。根據(jù)對(duì)隧道的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查及試驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析，圍巖具有明顯的彈塑性性質(zhì)。因此，根據(jù)隧道的實(shí)際情況，考慮巖體的彈塑性性質(zhì)，在符合真實(shí)施工工序和支護(hù)措施的基礎(chǔ)上，在數(shù)值模擬過(guò)程中將計(jì)算模型簡(jiǎn)化成彈塑性

2、平面應(yīng)變問(wèn)題，采用DruckerPrager屈服準(zhǔn)則來(lái)模擬圍巖的非線性并且不考慮其體積膨脹，混凝土材料為線彈性且不計(jì)其非線性變形。對(duì)地下工程開(kāi)挖進(jìn)行分析，一般有兩種計(jì)算模型： （1）“先開(kāi)洞，后加載”在加入初始地應(yīng)力場(chǎng)前，首先將開(kāi)挖掉的單元從整體剛度矩陣中刪除，然后對(duì)剩余的單元加入初始地應(yīng)力場(chǎng)進(jìn)行有限元計(jì)算。 （2）“先加載，后開(kāi)洞”這種方法是首先在整個(gè)計(jì)算區(qū)域內(nèi)作用地應(yīng)力場(chǎng)，然后在開(kāi)挖邊界上施加反轉(zhuǎn)力，經(jīng)過(guò)有限元計(jì)算得到所需要的應(yīng)力、位移等物理量。兩種方法對(duì)線彈性分析而言，所得到的應(yīng)力場(chǎng)是相同的，而位移場(chǎng)是不同的，模型（2）（即：“先加載，后開(kāi)洞”）更接近實(shí)際情況。在實(shí)際地下工程開(kāi)挖中部分巖

3、體已進(jìn)入塑性狀態(tài)，必須用彈塑性有限元進(jìn)行計(jì)算分析，而塑性變形與加載的路徑有關(guān)，所以模擬計(jì)算必須按真實(shí)的施工過(guò)程進(jìn)行，即在對(duì)地下工程開(kāi)挖進(jìn)行彈塑性數(shù)值模擬過(guò)程中，必須遵循“先加載，后開(kāi)洞”的原則。在有限元法中，求解非線性問(wèn)題最常采用的方法是常剛度初應(yīng)力法。對(duì)于彈塑性問(wèn)題，由于塑性變形不可恢復(fù)，應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變不再是一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系，即應(yīng)力狀態(tài)與加載路徑有關(guān)，因此應(yīng)該用增量法求解。彈塑性應(yīng)力增量與應(yīng)變?cè)隽恐g的關(guān)系可近似地表示為 （1）式中，彈性矩陣，塑性矩陣。 （2） （3）式（6.54）中，屈服函數(shù)。為初應(yīng)力。由于線性化，式（6.52）可以表示為： ， （4）位移增量所滿足的方程為 ， (5)式中，剛

4、度矩陣，應(yīng)變矩陣。按式(6.56)計(jì)算時(shí)，應(yīng)將荷載分為若干個(gè)增量步，在每一增量步均按下式進(jìn)行迭代計(jì)算： ， (6)迭代計(jì)算直到初應(yīng)力接近零值時(shí)再施加下一步增量荷載。2. 圍巖及結(jié)構(gòu)物理力學(xué)參數(shù)張涿高速公路是一條繞行北京、連接張家口市與西北各省區(qū)及京津地區(qū)的快速通道，其全線共設(shè)置隧道36座，其中，保定段LJ-S5合同段共設(shè)置隧道三座，均為分離式隧道，通過(guò)實(shí)地考察，并參考圖紙，選取隧道YK91+334作為典型試驗(yàn)斷面，該隧道埋深35m45m，采用雙車(chē)道，隧道凈寬12.75m，高5米，隧道拱周邊為L(zhǎng)=4m，縱、環(huán)向間距75cm×75cm呈梅花樁布置的錨桿加固圍巖。在計(jì)算過(guò)程中，根據(jù)隧道圍巖

5、和支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的物理力學(xué)指標(biāo)，結(jié)合鐵路隧道、公路隧道設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范及相關(guān)規(guī)范加以選取。在隧道支護(hù)體系中，超前支護(hù)的剛度和周?chē)鷰r體相差較大，而超前支護(hù)的真正作用是在施工過(guò)程中起到及時(shí)加固、限制塑性區(qū)的發(fā)展、使圍巖能夠保持較好的連續(xù)性和整體性，從而使圍巖能夠很好地起到自承作用，故在數(shù)值模擬時(shí)對(duì)超前支護(hù)常采用提高圍巖c、值的方法進(jìn)行概化處理，即采用將超前支護(hù)加固圈地層力學(xué)參數(shù)適當(dāng)加大的方法來(lái)模擬地層超前支護(hù)。根據(jù)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果，所確定的具體參數(shù)如表1所示。表1 圍巖及隧道結(jié)構(gòu)物理力學(xué)參數(shù)材料彈性模量（GPa）泊松比巖體重度（kN/m3）內(nèi)聚力（MPa）內(nèi)摩擦角（°）圍巖1.30.3024500.1539襯

6、砌27.50.2025002.4254錨桿2000.3079603計(jì)算采用的材料屈服準(zhǔn)則 計(jì)算采用彈塑性平面應(yīng)變模型。巖土材料的非線性按DP材料處理，在ANSYS程序中，DP材料選項(xiàng)使用Drucker-Prager屈服準(zhǔn)則，此屈服準(zhǔn)則對(duì)Mohr-Coulolnb準(zhǔn)則給予近似，以此來(lái)代替Mohr-Coulomb準(zhǔn)則。其流動(dòng)準(zhǔn)則可以使用相關(guān)流動(dòng)準(zhǔn)則也可以使用不相關(guān)流動(dòng)準(zhǔn)則，其屈服面并不隨著材料的逐漸屈服而改變，因此沒(méi)有強(qiáng)化準(zhǔn)則，然而其屈服強(qiáng)化隨著側(cè)限壓力的增加而相應(yīng)增加，其塑性行為被認(rèn)為是理想彈塑性。另外，作為巖體的兩個(gè)重要的參數(shù)內(nèi)聚力c和內(nèi)摩擦角都能通過(guò)材料數(shù)據(jù)表輸入。4計(jì)算步驟及程序的實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)值

7、計(jì)算的基本思路是：將整個(gè)開(kāi)挖、支護(hù)過(guò)程設(shè)置為若干個(gè)荷載步，在各個(gè)荷載步中實(shí)現(xiàn)巖體開(kāi)挖、支護(hù)等步驟，并逐一求解，直至最終形成圍巖支護(hù)體系為止。具體步驟： 隧道開(kāi)挖之前，在巖體荷載作用下對(duì)模型進(jìn)行平衡計(jì)算，這是對(duì)模型進(jìn)行的第一步求解，得圍巖的初始應(yīng)力分布。 為實(shí)現(xiàn)隧道開(kāi)挖過(guò)程，將上臺(tái)階代表被開(kāi)挖掉的巖體和噴射混凝土層的單元一同殺死，對(duì)模型進(jìn)行第二步求解。 為實(shí)現(xiàn)噴射混凝土支護(hù)的過(guò)程，將上臺(tái)階代表噴射混凝土層的單元復(fù)活，并改變其材料屬性，對(duì)模型進(jìn)行第三步求解。為實(shí)現(xiàn)隧道開(kāi)挖過(guò)程，將下臺(tái)階代表被開(kāi)挖掉的巖體和噴射混凝土層的單元一同殺死，對(duì)模型進(jìn)行第四步求解。為實(shí)現(xiàn)噴射混凝土支護(hù)的過(guò)程，將下臺(tái)階代表噴射

8、混凝土層的單元復(fù)活，并改變其材料屬性，對(duì)模型進(jìn)行第五步求解。5.ANSYS模型的建立根據(jù)張涿高速公路南宮一號(hào)隧道的相關(guān)尺寸，對(duì)有代表性斷面，建立二維彈塑性有限元計(jì)算模型。模型計(jì)算范圍在水平方向?qū)挾热〈笥谒淼缹挾鹊?倍(90m )，下邊界取洞高的2倍(16m)，上邊界可取隧道的實(shí)際埋深（40m）。模型的邊界條件采用施加約束的方法，在模型的底面加Y方向的位移約束，在隧道兩側(cè)的邊界上施加x方向的位移約束以模擬巖體的沉降。巖體和混凝土使用ANSYS程序中的二維四節(jié)點(diǎn)等參單元PLANE42模擬，錨桿用平面桿單元LINK 1來(lái)模擬，噴射混凝土采用梁?jiǎn)卧狟EAM3模擬。有限元計(jì)算模型如圖1所示。圖1 計(jì)算模

9、型網(wǎng)格劃分6單元?jiǎng)澐郑?）整體網(wǎng)格劃分及單元?jiǎng)澐秩缦聢D所示：整體網(wǎng)格劃分及單元?jiǎng)澐郑?）計(jì)算過(guò)程：加自重計(jì)算后自重作用下水平方向位移云圖 自重作用下豎直方向位移云圖自重作用下水平方向應(yīng)力云圖 自重作用下豎直方向應(yīng)力云圖自重作用下第一主應(yīng)力云圖 自重作用下第三主應(yīng)力云圖(2)隧道上臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后（即開(kāi)挖土體1后）隧道上臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后模型 隧道上臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后水平方向位移云圖隧道上臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后豎直方向位移云圖 隧道上臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后水平方向應(yīng)力云圖 隧道上臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后豎直方向應(yīng)力云圖 隧道上臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后第一主應(yīng)力云圖隧道上臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后第三主應(yīng)力云圖 隧道上臺(tái)階初期支護(hù)軸力圖隧道上臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后初期支護(hù)剪力圖 隧道上臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后初

10、期支護(hù)彎矩圖(3)隧道下臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后隧道下臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后模型 隧道下臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后水平方向位移云圖 隧道下臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后豎直方向位移云圖 隧道下臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后水平方向應(yīng)力云圖隧道下臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后豎直方向應(yīng)力云圖 隧道下臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后第一主應(yīng)力云圖隧道下臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后第三主應(yīng)力云圖 隧道下臺(tái)階初期支護(hù)軸力圖隧道下臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后初期支護(hù)剪力圖 隧道下臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖后初期支護(hù)彎矩圖7.結(jié)果分析（1）隧道周?chē)膰鷰r位移從變形圖和位移圖可以看出，隧道在開(kāi)挖過(guò)程中，再不做二襯的情況下，總的拱頂下沉在4.2959cm左右，兩側(cè)邊墻的水平位移最大值在1.2cm左右。隧道周?chē)膰鷰r中的移動(dòng)趨勢(shì)：拱頂下沉、兩側(cè)邊墻張開(kāi)，同時(shí)圍巖在拱頂部分形成一個(gè)“V”

11、型槽?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，從隧道周?chē)冃蔚那闆r看，采用上下臺(tái)階法開(kāi)挖修建此隧道是安全的，圍巖基本能夠穩(wěn)定，同時(shí)要及時(shí)做二襯加固。（2）隧道周?chē)膰鷰r應(yīng)力從各個(gè)方面地層應(yīng)力圖以及主應(yīng)力圖可以看出，隨著隧道的開(kāi)挖修建，整個(gè)地層大部分區(qū)域都是受壓的，只是在隧道附近一個(gè)很小的區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)出現(xiàn)拉應(yīng)力。同時(shí)從圖中可知，拉應(yīng)力區(qū)域都在所加固的圍巖范圍以內(nèi)，因此說(shuō)明，本隧道設(shè)計(jì)中，所采用的加固措施是合理的，并且是有效的。從整個(gè)應(yīng)力圖可以得出，所設(shè)計(jì)的初期支護(hù)參數(shù)能基本滿足施工過(guò)程中圍巖的穩(wěn)定。（3）襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)的變形和內(nèi)力從初襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)的變形和內(nèi)力可以看出，邊墻的軸力比較大，有可能出現(xiàn)應(yīng)力集中的現(xiàn)象。所以，建議在施工過(guò)程中，應(yīng)

12、在拱角處打鎖角錨桿，并適當(dāng)加厚此處的襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)還有采用配鋼筋的混凝土作為二次襯砌來(lái)滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。命令流:finish/clear/COM,Structural ! 指定結(jié)構(gòu)分析/TITLE,Tunnel Construct Modeling Analysis ! 定義工作標(biāo)題/FILNAM,support,1 ! 定義工作文件名！進(jìn)入前處理器/PREP7 !定義單元類型ET,1,BEAM3 !定義襯砌支護(hù)單元KEYOPT,1,6,1 !局部坐標(biāo)系輸出力、彎矩ET,2,PLANE42 !定義圍巖單元KEYOPT,2,3,2 ! Plane strain ET,3,LINK1 !定義LINK1

13、單元!定義材料屬性!襯砌支護(hù)MP,EX,1,2.75E10 MP,PRXY,1,0.2 MP,DENS,1,2500TB,DP,1 !采用D-P模型TBDATA,1,2.42E6,54!圍巖材料MP,EX,2,1.3E9 MP,PRXY,2,0.3 MP,DENS,2,2450TB,DP,2TBDATA,1,0.15E6,39 ！內(nèi)粘聚力 內(nèi)摩擦角!挖去土體材料MP,EX,3,4.5E8 MP,PRXY,3,0.3 MP,DENS,3,2450TB,DP,3TBDATA,1,0.1E6,24.3!錨桿MP,EX,4,200E9 MP,PRXY,4,0.3 MP,DENS,4,7960!定義實(shí)常

14、數(shù)R,1,0.3,0.3*0.3*0.3/12,0.3, !襯砌支護(hù)實(shí)常數(shù)R,2,3.14*0.025*0.025/4, !錨桿實(shí)常數(shù)NUMSTR,KP,1NUMSTR,LINE,1NUMSTR,AREA,1NUMSTR,VOLU,1CSYS,0k,1,0,14.475k,2,0,-3.525k,3,5.6098,-2.6285k,4,1.4247,-3.4685k,5,5.1423,-1.2032k,6,6.6179,-1.4726k,7,5.9709,-2.4536k,8,-1.4488,0k,9,6.7512,0k,10,6.6761,-1.1071k,11,0.9012,0k,12,4

15、.8631,4.3042k,13,6.6267,1.2006k,14,0,-0.9791k,15,0,6.2016k,16,3.8021,5.1124k,17,0,-7.525k,18,6.8564,-6.4293k,19,1.7413,-7.456k,20,10.5529,-2.191k,21,8.1805,-5.7879k,22,10.7512,0k,23,10.6395,-1.6472k,24,7.572,7.2473k,25,10.5415,2.0215k,26,0,10.2016k,27,5.9201,8.5057k,28,-4.8631,4.3042k,29,-1.3279,6.0

16、778k,30,-0.9012,0k,31,-6.7512,0k,32,-5.6621,3.3995k,33,1.4488,0k,34,-6.6179,-1.4726k,35,-6.7429,-0.37k,36,-5.1423,-1.2032k,37,-5.6098,-2.6285k,38,-6.4937,-1.8542k,39,-4.2384,-3.0189k,40,-6.8564,-6.4293k,41,-5.1803,-6.9064k,42,-10.5529,-2.191k,43,-10.0974,-3.5901k,44,-10.7512,0k,45,-10.7388,-0.5505k,

17、46,-7.572,7.2473k,47,-8.9174,5.7239k,48,-2.0677,10.0088k,49,12.8586,50k,50,29.6587,50k,51,45.6987,50k,52,0,0k,53,-46.4587,50k,54,-12.8512,50k,55,-12.8512,12.3016k,56,-46.4587,12.3016k,57,-12.8512,-9.625k,58,-46.4587,-9.625k,59,-12.8512,-25.525k,60,-46.4587,-25.525k,61,12.8586,-25.525k,62,12.8586,-9.

18、625k,63,12.8586,12.3016k,64,45.6987,-25.525k,65,45.6987,-9.625k,66,45.6987,12.3016k,67,0,12.3016k,68,0,-9.625k,69,12.8586,0k,70,-12.8512,0l,49,50,l,50,51,l,31,52,l,52,9,l,53,54,l,55,56,l,57,58,l,59,60,l,59,61,l,57,62,l,55,63,l,54,49,l,61,64,l,62,65,l,63,66,l,51,66,l,66,65,l,65,64,l,60,58,l,58,56,l,5

19、6,53,l,59,57,l,57,55,l,55,54,l,61,62,l,62,63,l,63,49,l,26,67,l,17,68,l,22,69,l,44,70,LARC,2,3,4LARC,3,6,7LARC,6,9,10LARC,9,12,13LARC,12,15,16LARC,17,18,19LARC,18,20,21LARC,20,22,23LARC,22,24,25LARC,24,26,27LARC,15,28,29LARC,28,31,32LARC,31,34,35LARC,34,37,38LARC,37,2,39LARC,40,17,41LARC,42,40,43LARC

20、,44,42,45LARC,46,44,47LARC,26,46,48AL,5,24,6,21AL,12,27,11,24AL,1,2,16,15,27a,56,60,64,66 !通過(guò)4個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)生成一個(gè)面積區(qū)域asbl,all,all !通過(guò)線分割面生成新面adele,4 !刪除面NUMCMP,AREA !壓縮面編號(hào)!生成錨桿asel,s,15 !選擇面15csys,1 !激活柱坐標(biāo)系wprota,-90 !工作平面繞X軸旋轉(zhuǎn)-90度*do,i,1,30,1 !循環(huán)控制wprota,-6 !工作平面繞Y軸旋轉(zhuǎn)-6度asbw,all !用工作平面切割所選擇的所有面*enddoLcomb,89,

21、92,0Lcomb,186,190,0Lcomb,64,70,0Lcomb,82,77,0Lcomb,204,199,0Lcomb,211,216,0Lcomb,99,95,0Lcomb,181,185,0Lcomb,49,65,0Lcomb,36,101,0Lcomb,178,187,0Lcomb,223,217,0l,55,157l,57,96l,62,155l,63,98allsel!刪除面FLST,2,4,5,ORDE,2 FITEM,2,10 FITEM,2,-13 ADELE,P51X !生成面FLST,2,11,4 FITEM,2,60 FITEM,2,28 FITEM,2,14

22、6 FITEM,2,152 FITEM,2,158 FITEM,2,164 FITEM,2,170 FITEM,2,176 FITEM,2,182 FITEM,2,181 FITEM,2,65 AL,P51X FLST,2,10,4 FITEM,2,56 FITEM,2,65 FITEM,2,194 FITEM,2,200 FITEM,2,197 FITEM,2,212 FITEM,2,209 FITEM,2,214 FITEM,2,227 FITEM,2,31 AL,P51X FLST,2,10,4 FITEM,2,31 FITEM,2,26 FITEM,2,49 FITEM,2,72 FI

23、TEM,2,78 FITEM,2,84 FITEM,2,90 FITEM,2,87 FITEM,2,70 FITEM,2,57 AL,P51X FLST,2,11,4 FITEM,2,36 FITEM,2,41 FITEM,2,104 FITEM,2,110 FITEM,2,116 FITEM,2,122 FITEM,2,128 FITEM,2,143 FITEM,2,29 FITEM,2,58 FITEM,2,70 AL,P51X FLST,2,11,4 FITEM,2,137 FITEM,2,37 FITEM,2,149 FITEM,2,155 FITEM,2,161 FITEM,2,16

24、7 FITEM,2,173 FITEM,2,178 FITEM,2,82 FITEM,2,59 FITEM,2,29 AL,P51X FLST,2,10,4 FITEM,2,82 FITEM,2,62 FITEM,2,30 FITEM,2,229 FITEM,2,217 FITEM,2,218 FITEM,2,202 FITEM,2,206 FITEM,2,43 FITEM,2,38 AL,P51X FLST,2,10,4 FITEM,2,92 FITEM,2,63 FITEM,2,30 FITEM,2,55 FITEM,2,40 FITEM,2,11 FITEM,2,68 FITEM,2,7

25、5 FITEM,2,80 FITEM,2,96 AL,P51X FLST,2,11,4 FITEM,2,28 FITEM,2,61 FITEM,2,92 FITEM,2,95 FITEM,2,100 FITEM,2,107 FITEM,2,113 FITEM,2,119 FITEM,2,125 FITEM,2,131 FITEM,2,141 AL,P51X !劃分網(wǎng)格生成有限元模型!劃分梁?jiǎn)卧猰at,1 !指定梁?jiǎn)卧牧咸匦詔ype,1Lsel,s,54lsel,a,35lsel,a,45,46lsel,a,10lsel,a,74lsel,a,89lsel,a,102,138,6lsel,a,

26、140lsel,a,145lsel,a,51lsel,a,151,175,6lsel,a,188lsel,a,186lsel,a,193lsel,a,196lsel,a,205lsel,a,208lsel,a,34lsel,a,226lsel,a,23lsel,a,66lsel,a,64lsel,a,71lsel,a,77lsel,a,83lsel,a,86lsel,a,93lsel,a,47lsel,a,105lsel,a,111lsel,a,117lsel,a,123lsel,a,129lsel,a,142lsel,a,136lsel,a,32lsel,a,148lsel,a,154lse

27、l,a,160lsel,a,166lsel,a,172lsel,a,179lsel,a,50lsel,a,191lsel,a,199lsel,a,33lsel,a,211lsel,a,224lsel,a,228lesize,all,1lmesh,allmat,4 !指定錨桿單元材料特性 type,3real,2lsel,s,203lsel,a,219lsel,a,225lsel,a,220lsel,a,53lsel,a,44lsel,a,48lsel,a,69lsel,a,76lsel,a,81lsel,a,97lsel,a,103lsel,a,109lsel,a,115lsel,a,121l

28、sel,a,127lsel,a,133lsel,a,139lsel,a,135lsel,a,147lsel,a,153lsel,a,159lsel,a,165lsel,a,171lsel,a,177lsel,a,183lsel,a,189lsel,a,195lsel,a,201lsel,a,198lsel,a,213lsel,a,210lsel,a,215lsel,a,39lsel,a,52lsel,a,67lsel,a,73lesize,all,3lmesh,allallsel!劃分開(kāi)挖區(qū)mat,3type,2FLST,5,2,4,ORDE,2 FITEM,5,3 FITEM,5,-4 CM

29、,_Y,LINE LSEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,LINE CMSEL,_Y !* LESIZE,_Y1, , ,10, , , , ,1 !* MSHAPE,0,2D MSHKEY,0!* FLST,5,2,5,ORDE,2 FITEM,5,9 FITEM,5,14 CM,_Y,AREA ASEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,AREA CHKMSH,'AREA' CMSEL,S,_Y !* AMESH,_Y1 !* CMDELE,_Y CMDELE,_Y1 CMDELE,_Y2 !* ！劃分加固區(qū)mat,2 !賦予圍巖單元屬性type,2FLST,5,2

30、3,4,ORDE,23 FITEM,5,42 FITEM,5,79 FITEM,5,85 FITEM,5,88 FITEM,5,91 FITEM,5,94 FITEM,5,98 FITEM,5,106 FITEM,5,112 FITEM,5,118 FITEM,5,124 FITEM,5,130 FITEM,5,134 FITEM,5,144 FITEM,5,150 FITEM,5,156 FITEM,5,162 FITEM,5,168 FITEM,5,174 FITEM,5,180 FITEM,5,184 FITEM,5,192 FITEM,5,207 CM,_Y,LINE LSEL, ,

31、, ,P51X CM,_Y1,LINE CMSEL,_Y !* LESIZE,_Y1, , ,3, , , , ,1 !* FLST,5,60,4,ORDE,59 FITEM,5,11 FITEM,5,26 FITEM,5,36 FITEM,5,-38 FITEM,5,40 FITEM,5,-41 FITEM,5,43 FITEM,5,49 FITEM,5,55 FITEM,5,68 FITEM,5,72 FITEM,5,75 FITEM,5,78 FITEM,5,80 FITEM,5,84 FITEM,5,87 FITEM,5,90 FITEM,5,95 FITEM,5,-96 FITEM,

32、5,100 FITEM,5,104 FITEM,5,107 FITEM,5,110 FITEM,5,113 FITEM,5,116 FITEM,5,119 FITEM,5,122 FITEM,5,125 FITEM,5,128 FITEM,5,131 FITEM,5,137 FITEM,5,141 FITEM,5,143 FITEM,5,146 FITEM,5,149 FITEM,5,152 FITEM,5,155 FITEM,5,158 FITEM,5,161 FITEM,5,164 FITEM,5,167 FITEM,5,170 FITEM,5,173 FITEM,5,176 FITEM,

33、5,178 FITEM,5,181 FITEM,5,-182FITEM,5,194 FITEM,5,197 FITEM,5,200 FITEM,5,202 FITEM,5,206 FITEM,5,209 FITEM,5,212 FITEM,5,214 FITEM,5,217 FITEM,5,-218FITEM,5,227 FITEM,5,229 CM,_Y,LINE LSEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,LINE CMSEL,_Y !* LESIZE,_Y1, , ,1, , , , ,1 !* FLST,5,60,5,ORDE,4 FITEM,5,15 FITEM,5,-72 FIT

34、EM,5,75 FITEM,5,-76 CM,_Y,AREA ASEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,AREA CHKMSH,'AREA' CMSEL,S,_Y !* AMESH,_Y1 !* CMDELE,_Y CMDELE,_Y1 CMDELE,_Y2 !* ！劃分周?chē)鷐at,2 !賦予圍巖單元屬性type,2FLST,5,4,4,ORDE,2 FITEM,5,58 FITEM,5,-61 CM,_Y,LINE LSEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,LINE CMSEL,_Y !* LESIZE,_Y1, , ,8, , , , ,1 !* FLST,5,4,

35、4,ORDE,4 FITEM,5,56 FITEM,5,-57 FITEM,5,62 FITEM,5,-63 CM,_Y,LINE LSEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,LINE CMSEL,_Y !* LESIZE,_Y1, , ,7, , , , ,1 !* FLST,5,8,4,ORDE,6 FITEM,5,28 FITEM,5,-31 FITEM,5,65 FITEM,5,70 FITEM,5,82 FITEM,5,92 CM,_Y,LINE LSEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,LINE CMSEL,_Y !* LESIZE,_Y1, , ,3, , , , ,1 !

36、* amap,10,55,157,26,67amap,11,55,157,44,70amap,12,70,44,96,57amap,13,96,57,68,17amap,73,155,62,68,17amap,74,155,62,69,22amap,77,98,63,69,22amap,78,98,63,67,26FLST,5,2,4,ORDE,2 FITEM,5,17 FITEM,5,20 CM,_Y,LINE LSEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,LINE CMSEL,_Y !* LESIZE,_Y1, , ,14, , , , ,1 !* FLST,5,4,4,ORDE,4 FI

37、TEM,5,6 FITEM,5,-7 FITEM,5,14 FITEM,5,-15 CM,_Y,LINE LSEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,LINE CMSEL,_Y !* LESIZE,_Y1, , ,16, , , , ,1 !* amap,5,56,55,57,58amap,8,62,63,66,65FLST,5,3,4,ORDE,3 FITEM,5,8 FITEM,5,-9 FITEM,5,13 CM,_Y,LINE LSEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,LINE CMSEL,_Y !* LESIZE,_Y1, , ,16, , , , ,1 !* FLST,5,4

38、,4,ORDE,4 FITEM,5,18 FITEM,5,-19 FITEM,5,22 FITEM,5,25 CM,_Y,LINE LSEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,LINE CMSEL,_Y !* LESIZE,_Y1, , ,15, , , , ,1 !* amap,3,58,57,59,60amap,6,62,57,59,61amap,4,62,65,64,61FLST,5,4,4,ORDE,4 FITEM,5,16 FITEM,5,21 FITEM,5,24 FITEM,5,27 CM,_Y,LINE LSEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,LINE CMSEL,_Y

39、 !* LESIZE,_Y1, , ,15, , , , ,1 !* FLST,5,2,4,ORDE,2 FITEM,5,5 FITEM,5,12 CM,_Y,LINE LSEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,LINE CMSEL,_Y !* LESIZE,_Y1, , ,16, , , , ,1 !* FLST,5,2,4,ORDE,2 FITEM,5,1 FITEM,5,-2 CM,_Y,LINE LSEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,LINE CMSEL,_Y !* LESIZE,_Y1, , ,8, , , , ,1 !* amap,1,53,54,55,56 amap,

40、7,54,55,63,49amap,2,51,66,63,49!（3）施加約束和荷載/SOLU !施加約束csys,0nsel,s,loc,x,-46.4587 !選擇X=-52線上所有節(jié)點(diǎn)nsel,a,loc,x,45.6987 !選擇X=52線上所有節(jié)點(diǎn)d,all,ux !對(duì)所選擇節(jié)點(diǎn)約束X方向位移allselnsel,s,loc,y,-25.525 !選擇Y=-65線上所有節(jié)點(diǎn)d,all,uy !對(duì)所選擇節(jié)點(diǎn)約束Y方向位移!施加重力加速度acel,10NSUBST,5,100,1 !設(shè)置求解步NROPT,FULL, , !采用全牛頓拉普森法進(jìn)行求解FINISH/PREP7esel,s,m

41、at,1,4,3 !選擇材料號(hào)為1、4的單元ekill,all !殺死所選擇的單元esel,allesel,s,live !選擇活單元nsle,s !選擇節(jié)點(diǎn)nsel,inve !反選擇當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)d,all,all !約束所選擇節(jié)點(diǎn)、自由度allsel/SOLU !進(jìn)入求解器/STATUS,SOLUALLS !選擇所有內(nèi)容SOLVE !求解計(jì)算 /POST1 !進(jìn)入后處理器PLDISP,1 !顯示變形情況PLNSOL,U,X,0,1 繪制水平方向位移云圖PLNSOL,U,Y,0,1 !繪制豎直方向位移云圖PLNSOL,S,X,0,1 !繪制水平方向應(yīng)力云圖PLNSOL,S,Y,0,1 !繪制豎直

42、方向應(yīng)力云圖PLNSOL,S,1,0,1 !繪制第一主應(yīng)力云圖PLNSOL,S,3,0,1 !繪制第三主應(yīng)力云圖ESEL,S,411,428 !選擇單元ESEL,A,429,430 !補(bǔ)選單元ESEL,A,608,626,6ESEL,A,621,627,6ESEL,A,450,453,3ESEL,A,462,474,6ESEL,A,483,531,6ESEL,A,539,593,6ESEL,A,596ESEL,A,605NFORCE,ALL,ALL !提取所選單元的節(jié)點(diǎn)力FINISH!進(jìn)行隧道上臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖/SOLU !進(jìn)入求解器ANTYPE,REST,1 !重新啟動(dòng)求解器esel,s,mat,1

43、,4,3 !選擇材料號(hào)為1、4的單元ekill,all !殺死所選擇的單元esel,allESEL,S,172,350 !選擇上臺(tái)階開(kāi)挖土體單元EKILL,ALL !對(duì)所選單元賦予“死屬性”ESEL,S,LIVE !選擇具“生屬性”的單元F,1,FX,114600F,2,FX,107640F,3,FX,-62520F,9,FX,-113580F,10,FX,-120180F,11,FX,120120F,12,FX,99420F,13,FX,90300F,14,FX,80460F,19,FX,-4903.8F,20,FX,-12900F,21,FX,58818F,28,FX,70620F,29,

44、FX,61380F,31,FX,52530F,33,FX,43884F,35,FX,35442F,37,FX,27174F,39,FX,19074F,41,FX,11034F,42,FX,3046.8F,44,FX,-21030F,46,FX,-29352F,48,FX,-37890F,50,FX,-46680F,52,FX,-55734F,53,FX,-75720F,54,FX,-65340F,56,FX,-86280F,57,FX,-96300F,58,FX,-105480F,172,FX,-3166.8F,173,FX,-2002.8F,174,FX,-2095.8F,175,FX,-2

45、245.2F,176,FX,-2403F,177,FX,-2514F,178,FX,-2645.4F,179,FX,-2842.2F,180,FX,-2974.2F,181,FX,-3084.6F,182,FX,-3294F,183,FX,-3457.8F,184,FX,-3634.2F,185,FX,-3837.6F,186,FX,-3927.6F,187,FX,-4107.6F,188,FX,-4334.4F,189,FX,-4444.2F,190,FX,-4792.2F,1,FY,49554F,2,FY,68400F,3,FY,-84060F,9,FY,39192F,10,FY,1941

46、0F,11,FY,28320F,12,FY,84660F,13,FY,98160F,14,FY,109020F,19,FY,125820F,20,FY,124500F,21,FY,-86760F,28,FY,116760F,29,FY,121440F,31,FY,124260F,33,FY,126180F,35,FY,127320F,37,FY,127860F,39,FY,127920F,41,FY,127560F,42,FY,126840F,44,FY,122880F,46,FY,120780F,48,FY,118200F,50,FY,114900F,52,FY,110820F,53,FY,96840F,54,FY,105180F,56,FY,85740F,57,FY,72420F,58,FY,56898F,172,FY,-182820 F,173,