cet4四級(jí)寫作7：文章的校對(duì)潤(rùn)色

1、 1. 題目的寫法題目的寫法題目要在試卷作文紙上的題目要在試卷作文紙上的上方中間位置上方中間位置書書寫。同時(shí)還應(yīng)在寫。同時(shí)還應(yīng)在話題和正文之間留出一定的話題和正文之間留出一定的距離距離，即比正文行距稍寬一些。，即比正文行距稍寬一些。其次，要注意題目的大小寫，其次，要注意題目的大小寫，第一個(gè)單詞第一個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母和最后一個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母的第一個(gè)字母和最后一個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母一定要大寫一定要大寫。中間的單詞除冠詞、連詞和介。中間的單詞除冠詞、連詞和介詞詞(但如虛詞的字母多于但如虛詞的字母多于5個(gè)，則大寫個(gè)，則大寫)外，其外，其他的詞都應(yīng)該大寫第一個(gè)字母。比如：他的詞都應(yīng)該大寫第一個(gè)字母。比如

2、：例例1誤：誤：Attitudes toward Money 正：正：Attitudes Toward Money 2. 文章的格式文章的格式(1)四邊留空：卷面的四邊一定要留出適當(dāng)?shù)目瞻?，四邊留空：卷面的四邊一定要留出適當(dāng)?shù)目瞻?，才能整齊、美觀，給人以清晰、明快的感覺。才能整齊、美觀，給人以清晰、明快的感覺。(2)空格：文章的每段的首行一定要有統(tǒng)一的空格。空格：文章的每段的首行一定要有統(tǒng)一的空格。 3. 大小寫方面的錯(cuò)誤大小寫方面的錯(cuò)誤大寫規(guī)則有以下幾條：大寫規(guī)則有以下幾條：(1)大寫每句話的第一個(gè)字母和直接引語(yǔ)的第一字大寫每句話的第一個(gè)字母和直接引語(yǔ)的第一字母母,如：如：He said,

3、“He is going to Shanghai next week.” (2)大寫專有名詞，或用作專有名詞的部分普通名大寫專有名詞，或用作專有名詞的部分普通名詞，通常是縮略形式。如：詞，通常是縮略形式。如：Dr G. G. East(3)大寫縮寫字母。如：大寫縮寫字母。如：MPA, MBA, BBC(4)文章標(biāo)題要大寫。文章標(biāo)題要大寫。(5)頭銜在專有名詞前要大寫，在專有名詞后就小頭銜在專有名詞前要大寫，在專有名詞后就小寫。例如：寫。例如：Captain Smith -Smith, the captain Uncle George - George, my uncle 4. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)錯(cuò)誤及分

4、析標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)錯(cuò)誤及分析一定要注意正確使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，切忌從頭到尾只一定要注意正確使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，切忌從頭到尾只用逗號(hào)的現(xiàn)象。一定要熟練掌握常用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的用逗號(hào)的現(xiàn)象。一定要熟練掌握常用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的基本用法，尤其要正確使用逗號(hào)和分號(hào)。基本用法，尤其要正確使用逗號(hào)和分號(hào)。 句號(hào)句號(hào) Period . 用以表示一個(gè)句子的結(jié)束用以表示一個(gè)句子的結(jié)束Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.The federal government is based in Ottawa.用在縮寫中用在縮寫中B.C. is the province located on the West Coas

5、t.Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.It is 4:00 p.m. in Halifax right now. 問(wèn)號(hào)問(wèn)號(hào) Question Mark ?在句子的結(jié)尾使用問(wèn)號(hào)表示是直接疑問(wèn)句：在句子的結(jié)尾使用問(wèn)號(hào)表示是直接疑問(wèn)句：How many provinces are there in Canada?注意：在間接疑問(wèn)句結(jié)尾不要加問(wèn)號(hào)：注意：在間接疑問(wèn)句結(jié)尾不要加問(wèn)號(hào)：The teacher asked the class a que

6、stion.Do not ask me why. 嘆號(hào)嘆號(hào) Exclamation Mark !在句子的結(jié)尾使用嘆號(hào)表示驚訝、興奮等情在句子的結(jié)尾使用嘆號(hào)表示驚訝、興奮等情緒：緒：We won the Stanley Cup!The forest is on fire! 逗號(hào)逗號(hào) Comma ,句子中的停頓句子中的停頓Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime minister.在疑問(wèn)句中引出說(shuō)話人：在疑問(wèn)句中引出說(shuō)話人：“I can come today,” she said, “but not tomorrow.”排列三個(gè)或以上的名詞：

7、排列三個(gè)或以上的名詞：Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest provinces.引出定語(yǔ)從句引出定語(yǔ)從句: Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great painter. 單引號(hào)單引號(hào) Apostrophe 表示所有表示所有This is Davids computer.These are the players things. Note: 對(duì)于復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，只加對(duì)于復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，只加These are the players things. 縮寫縮寫I dont know how to

8、 fix it. 引號(hào)引號(hào)Quotation Marks 直接引出某人說(shuō)的話：直接引出某人說(shuō)的話：The prime minister said, We will win the election.I can come today, she said, but not tomorrow. 冒號(hào)冒號(hào)Colon :引出一系列名詞引出一系列名詞There are three positions in hockey: goalie, defence, and forward.引出一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的引語(yǔ)引出一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的引語(yǔ)The prime minister said: We will fight. We wil

9、l not give up. We will win the next election. 分號(hào)分號(hào)Semicolon ;將兩個(gè)相關(guān)的句子連接起來(lái)將兩個(gè)相關(guān)的句子連接起來(lái)The festival is very popular; people from all over the world visit each year.和逗號(hào)一同使用引出一系列名詞和逗號(hào)一同使用引出一系列名詞The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; and Vancouver, B.C. 破折號(hào)破折號(hào)Dash -在一個(gè)

10、句子前作總結(jié)在一個(gè)句子前作總結(jié)Mild, wet, and cloudy-these are the characteristics of weather in Vancouver.在一個(gè)句子的前面或后面加入額外的注釋在一個(gè)句子的前面或后面加入額外的注釋The children-Pierre, Laura, and Ashley-went to the store. Most Canadians-but not all-voted in the last election.表示某人在說(shuō)話過(guò)程中被打斷表示某人在說(shuō)話過(guò)程中被打斷The woman said, I want to ask-when

11、the earthquake began to shake the room. 連字符連字符Hyphen -連接兩個(gè)單詞連接兩個(gè)單詞sweet-smelling, fire-resistant將前綴將前綴anti-Canadian, non-contact在數(shù)字中使用在數(shù)字中使用one-quarter, twenty-three 1.逗號(hào)：逗號(hào)：寫日期時(shí)，如次序是月日年，在日和年寫日期時(shí)，如次序是月日年，在日和年之間加逗號(hào)。之間加逗號(hào)。如次序是日月年，則不加如次序是日月年，則不加：He was born on October 15, 1983.He was born on 15 October

12、 1983.注意：注意：英文中是沒有頓號(hào)的英文中是沒有頓號(hào)的，基本上可以說(shuō)在中文中，基本上可以說(shuō)在中文中用頓號(hào)的地方可以用逗號(hào)取代。用頓號(hào)的地方可以用逗號(hào)取代。 2. 分號(hào)分號(hào): 用于分隔地位平等的獨(dú)立子句。用于分隔地位平等的獨(dú)立子句。A. 在某些情在某些情況下，使用分號(hào)比使用句點(diǎn)更顯出子句之間的緊密聯(lián)況下，使用分號(hào)比使用句點(diǎn)更顯出子句之間的緊密聯(lián)系，系，另外分號(hào)也經(jīng)常與連接副詞另外分號(hào)也經(jīng)常與連接副詞 thus, however, therefore一起使用一起使用(放在這些詞前放在這些詞前)。如。如 I realize I need exercise; however, Ill lie d

13、own first to think about it. B. 在句中如果已經(jīng)用過(guò)逗點(diǎn)，為了避免歧義，就用分在句中如果已經(jīng)用過(guò)逗點(diǎn)，為了避免歧義，就用分號(hào)來(lái)分隔相似的內(nèi)容。如號(hào)來(lái)分隔相似的內(nèi)容。如 The employees were Tom Hanks, the manager; Jim White, the engineer; and Dr. Jack Lee. 注意：注意：一個(gè)完整的句子以大寫字母開始，以句點(diǎn)結(jié)束。一個(gè)完整的句子以大寫字母開始，以句點(diǎn)結(jié)束。寫英文時(shí)用逗點(diǎn)代替句點(diǎn)、分號(hào)、冒號(hào)或破折號(hào)叫寫英文時(shí)用逗點(diǎn)代替句點(diǎn)、分號(hào)、冒號(hào)或破折號(hào)叫“逗逗號(hào)錯(cuò)號(hào)錯(cuò)”，這正是中國(guó)學(xué)生所要避免的。如

14、：，這正是中國(guó)學(xué)生所要避免的。如：It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields. (逗點(diǎn)前后的句子是完整的，都能代表一個(gè)完整的意思。逗點(diǎn)前后的句子是完整的，都能代表一個(gè)完整的意思。故用逗號(hào)違反了故用逗號(hào)違反了一個(gè)句子只能有一套主干的一個(gè)句子只能有一套主干的英文規(guī)定。英文規(guī)定。)正：正：It was raining hard; they could not work in the fields. It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields. It was rainin

15、g so hard that they could not work in the fields. They could not work in the fields because it was raining hard. It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields. As it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea.正：正：The essay

16、is poorly organized; there is no central idea. The essay is poorly organized: there is no central idea. 3. 英漢有差異的標(biāo)點(diǎn)英漢有差異的標(biāo)點(diǎn)：A. 英語(yǔ)中的句號(hào)用實(shí)心點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)中的句號(hào)用實(shí)心點(diǎn)(.)，省略號(hào)是三個(gè)連續(xù)點(diǎn)，省略號(hào)是三個(gè)連續(xù)點(diǎn)(.)。 B. 英語(yǔ)中沒有頓號(hào)，只用逗號(hào)英語(yǔ)中沒有頓號(hào)，只用逗號(hào)(,)表示列舉。表示列舉。 C. 英語(yǔ)中沒有書名號(hào)英語(yǔ)中沒有書名號(hào)()，表示書報(bào)、雜志、電，表示書報(bào)、雜志、電影或戲劇等的名稱時(shí)常用斜體。如：影或戲劇等的名稱時(shí)常用斜體。如： Do you lik

17、e ATaleofTwoCities? 你喜歡你喜歡雙城記雙城記嗎？嗎？(1) 把非限制性定語(yǔ)從句把非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(non -restrictive attributive clause) 理解成限制性定語(yǔ)從句理解成限制性定語(yǔ)從句(restrictive attributive clause) 而忽略用逗點(diǎn)。而忽略用逗點(diǎn)。如如: We were led into a nearest fabric shop that was divided into two parts.從句意來(lái)看從句意來(lái)看,上句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句上句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,故應(yīng)故應(yīng)在在shop 后加逗點(diǎn)后加逗點(diǎn), 把把t

18、hat 相應(yīng)改成相應(yīng)改成which 即即:We were led into a nearest fabric shop, which was divided into two parts.錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤(2) 不論狀語(yǔ)從句在句中位置如何不論狀語(yǔ)從句在句中位置如何,一概以逗點(diǎn)一概以逗點(diǎn)隔開。如：隔開。如：We will go there, if it is fine tomorrow. 狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí),一般要用標(biāo)點(diǎn)隔開一般要用標(biāo)點(diǎn)隔開;而置于句而置于句末時(shí)末時(shí),則無(wú)需與主句隔開則無(wú)需與主句隔開,故上句應(yīng)改為故上句應(yīng)改為: If it is fine tomorrow, we wi

19、ll go there. 或或We will go there if it is fine tomorrow. 錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤(3) 在疑問(wèn)句形式的陳述句后使用問(wèn)號(hào)。在疑問(wèn)句形式的陳述句后使用問(wèn)號(hào)。What fun we girls could expect, to stay in the same class, studying for four long years with them? I wondered. What fun could we girls expect, to stay in the same class, studying for four long years with

20、them, I wondered. 英語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)除可用問(wèn)號(hào)來(lái)表達(dá)外英語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)除可用問(wèn)號(hào)來(lái)表達(dá)外,尚可用詞序加以表尚可用詞序加以表達(dá)。故上例的疑問(wèn)可用逗點(diǎn)表示。達(dá)。故上例的疑問(wèn)可用逗點(diǎn)表示。(4) 誤把誤把however, therefore, because, thus等起聯(lián)系等起聯(lián)系作用的副詞當(dāng)成并列連詞作用的副詞當(dāng)成并列連詞,導(dǎo)致寫作中的導(dǎo)致寫作中的逗號(hào)粘逗號(hào)粘連連(comma splice)錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤。如：。如：She thought what the teacher pointed out was right, however, she didnt care for that. 兩個(gè)完整的句子

21、或兩個(gè)并列句之間不能一概用逗點(diǎn)兩個(gè)完整的句子或兩個(gè)并列句之間不能一概用逗點(diǎn)點(diǎn)開點(diǎn)開, 可用句號(hào)、分號(hào)或在逗點(diǎn)后加并列連詞可用句號(hào)、分號(hào)或在逗點(diǎn)后加并列連詞(and, but, or, for, so, nor, yet)等方法修改。故上等方法修改。故上例可改為例可改為: She thought what the teacher pointed out was right. However, she didnt care for that.或或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right; however, she didnt care f

22、or that.或或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right, but she didnt care for that.錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤(5) 一個(gè)逗點(diǎn)連首尾一個(gè)逗點(diǎn)連首尾,導(dǎo)致大量導(dǎo)致大量熔句熔句(fused sentence)的堆砌。例如的堆砌。例如: Young men like blue jeans they wear them all the time. Young men like blue jeans; they wear them all the time.或或Young men like blue jeans. They w

23、ear them all the time.或或Young men like blue jeans, and they wear them all the time.或或Since young men like blue jeans, they wear them all the time. 錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤(6) 兩個(gè)兩個(gè)并列的形容詞間以并列的形容詞間以and 代替逗點(diǎn)代替逗點(diǎn)。Through the window, in front of me were large green fields which reminded me of the small clearing where I spent

24、 my lonely and hard childhood. 現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，在兩個(gè)形容詞中間一般不用現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，在兩個(gè)形容詞中間一般不用and, 而用而用逗點(diǎn)分隔。逗點(diǎn)分隔。 Through the window, in front of me were large green fields which reminded me of the small clearing where I spent my lonely, hard childhood.因語(yǔ)體錯(cuò)位而造成的標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤因語(yǔ)體錯(cuò)位而造成的標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤:口語(yǔ)中存在的大量縮口語(yǔ)中存在的大量縮約約(contraction)在書面語(yǔ)體中應(yīng)盡量避免。而許

25、多在書面語(yǔ)體中應(yīng)盡量避免。而許多學(xué)生在書面作文中大量使用省字號(hào)學(xué)生在書面作文中大量使用省字號(hào)()，幾乎，幾乎1/ 3 左左右的作文在文體上存在漏洞右的作文在文體上存在漏洞,現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)的發(fā)展對(duì)此現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)的發(fā)展對(duì)此卻難以容忍。如卻難以容忍。如: A. Id like to share my joys with you. ( I would like to)B. .you cant behave like that. (you cannot) C. therere so many splendid toys for me to select. (there are)其他錯(cuò)誤：其他錯(cuò)誤：(1) 引號(hào)錯(cuò)誤

26、。如：引號(hào)錯(cuò)誤。如：“No pain, no gain.”If you. As the saying goes, No pain, no gain.英文中短小的引語(yǔ)與作者提示英文中短小的引語(yǔ)與作者提示“某某說(shuō)某某說(shuō)”之類的詞語(yǔ)之間之類的詞語(yǔ)之間用逗點(diǎn)隔開用逗點(diǎn)隔開,置于引號(hào)內(nèi)。置于引號(hào)內(nèi)。不能省略提示語(yǔ)不能省略提示語(yǔ)“某某說(shuō)某某說(shuō)”之類而直接引用之類而直接引用。Glancing through the essay entitled “Why Not More?”, Dr. Jefferson frowned thoughtfully. Glancing through the essay en

27、titled “Why Not More?,” Dr. Jefferson frowned thoughtfully. 用法用法:句號(hào)和逗號(hào)須置于引號(hào)內(nèi)句號(hào)和逗號(hào)須置于引號(hào)內(nèi);冒號(hào)和分號(hào)須置于引號(hào)外冒號(hào)和分號(hào)須置于引號(hào)外;如果所引內(nèi)容本身是疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句如果所引內(nèi)容本身是疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句,問(wèn)號(hào)和感嘆號(hào)一問(wèn)號(hào)和感嘆號(hào)一般放在引號(hào)內(nèi)般放在引號(hào)內(nèi),否則否則,問(wèn)號(hào)和感嘆號(hào)則放在引號(hào)外。問(wèn)號(hào)和感嘆號(hào)則放在引號(hào)外。(2) 在部分副詞如在部分副詞如perhaps, so 后加逗號(hào)。如后加逗號(hào)。如:Perhaps, I would not have such a good chance again.So, th

28、ey keep in touch with each other merely by writing letters and phoning now.以上兩句的修改方法是把句中的逗號(hào)去掉。以上兩句的修改方法是把句中的逗號(hào)去掉。(3) 連接號(hào)連接號(hào)(hyphen) 錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤。許多英語(yǔ)習(xí)作者往往隨意用連。許多英語(yǔ)習(xí)作者往往隨意用連接號(hào)派生單詞接號(hào)派生單詞,如把如把“boyfriend”寫成寫成“boy-friend”; “middle school”寫成寫成“middle-school”。在行末單詞分。在行末單詞分行時(shí)行時(shí),連接號(hào)使用錯(cuò)誤更多。反之連接號(hào)使用錯(cuò)誤更多。反之,若把本應(yīng)有的連接號(hào)若把本

29、應(yīng)有的連接號(hào)粗心刪去粗心刪去,其單詞含義可能會(huì)大相徑庭。如有一年美國(guó)其單詞含義可能會(huì)大相徑庭。如有一年美國(guó)政府在一份貿(mào)易清單上列舉了一些免稅進(jìn)口的物品政府在一份貿(mào)易清單上列舉了一些免稅進(jìn)口的物品,其其中有一種是中有一種是foreign fruit-plants(外國(guó)果樹苗外國(guó)果樹苗),后來(lái)由于后來(lái)由于打字員的疏忽，漏打連接號(hào)使其成了打字員的疏忽，漏打連接號(hào)使其成了foreign fruit, plants(外國(guó)水果、樹苗外國(guó)水果、樹苗),結(jié)果導(dǎo)致第二年大量的水果如結(jié)果導(dǎo)致第二年大量的水果如桔子、葡萄等從世界各地免稅涌入美國(guó)市場(chǎng)從而使美桔子、葡萄等從世界各地免稅涌入美國(guó)市場(chǎng)從而使美國(guó)政府當(dāng)年損失

30、約國(guó)政府當(dāng)年損失約200 多萬(wàn)美元。多萬(wàn)美元。亮點(diǎn)設(shè)置亮點(diǎn)設(shè)置：一至三為精彩詞匯，四為精彩詞：一至三為精彩詞匯，四為精彩詞組，五至七為精彩句型。組，五至七為精彩句型。(一一) 活用詞匯：使用常見單詞的不常見含義活用詞匯：使用常見單詞的不常見含義。1.Natural disasters thousands of lives every year. (奪去奪去)2.I do your efforts. (感謝感謝)(二二) 平行排比：平行排比：使用同義或近義詞進(jìn)行平行排比。使用同義或近義詞進(jìn)行平行排比。1.A culture can be .2.It is my view that national culture as priceless