100萬噸年柴蠟油加氫精制裝置操作規(guī)程

1、100xi04t/a柴、蠟油加氫精制裝置操作規(guī)程第一章裝置概述第一節(jié)加氫工藝簡介 4頁第二節(jié)裝置概況 5頁第二章加氫精制工藝原理第一節(jié)加氫工藝原理 7頁第二節(jié)加氫精制反應(yīng)機理 8頁第三章生產(chǎn)工藝過程第一節(jié)裝置工藝流程簡述12頁第二節(jié)裝置物料平衡及工藝操作條件14頁第三節(jié)催化劑性質(zhì)及技術(shù)規(guī)格18頁第四章裝置生產(chǎn)工藝技術(shù)指標第一節(jié)原材料及產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量 20頁第二節(jié)生產(chǎn)過程氣體性質(zhì)23頁第三節(jié)裝置消耗、能耗指標24頁第四節(jié)裝置生產(chǎn)控制分析 27頁第五章裝置正常操作（崗位操作法）第一節(jié)氫氣壓縮機操作法28頁第二節(jié)加熱爐操作法37頁第三節(jié)反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)操作法43頁第四節(jié)分儲系統(tǒng)操作法50頁第五節(jié)裝置循環(huán)流程操作法

2、54頁第六節(jié)機泵操作法 57頁第六章裝置正常開工第一節(jié)裝置的大檢查61頁第二節(jié)水電汽風引進裝置 63頁we a ine i.r>l-iu c rucreff s- e - m ae k -el g i -cil sie.-e j-a- r -r- c - ae-i - ed -d-a>ergerac-gs 6 es-isone ofthepra cticalform ofvalues.Theso-call ed value s refers to the obje ctivethi ngsareof no value a nd thevalueoffundamentalperspe

3、ctive. Different values,people's behavi our,attitude s,waysare different.People -orie ntedfocus on humanval ueand reality,w enee d the br oade st masses as values.Adhereto people-orientedvalue s,is tomake theeconomy moredevelopment,improve democracy,culturalprosperity,a nd live a happier;is dee

4、plyconcerne dthathuman dev elopmentand humanvalues,devel opme ntofsocialand human developmentof rationalunified, insisted in the materialcivilization, politi cal civili zation andspirit ual civil ization inthe overall advanceme ntofSoci alist civili zationtoa hig herlevel.Also wanttoseethat person&#

5、39;svalue isnot only meetyour needs,also istomeetthe needsofother sand thecommunity.Adhere to people -orie nted,to str ongly advocate every community member,serveothers,beneficialt othecommunity of people.Theso-called Outlook,attitude isonthe recor d, includingw ho, howto create arecordofachievement

6、s, howtoevaluate performance,and so on.What values,what kindofOutlook.Adheretopeople -orie ntedOutlook,is onthe premise ofrespe cting thei nterestsand powerofpeople,creating a popul ar,warmhe arts,steadyheartperforma nce,creating"serveforone officer,the benefitof" achievements,and overallc

7、onstruction ofwell-offsociety and pr omoting theall-r ound dev elopment ofpe ople' s performa nce.A chiev ementevaluati on i n bot heconomic a ccomplishments,takeanotherlookattheeffectiveness ofsoci al progre ss; cha nges in both urba nand ruralchang e;both har denvir onment to strengthe n andta

8、ke anot herlookat thesoftenvironmentimprovement momentumofdevelopmentatpresent,dependi ngon thepotentialforsustainabledevelopment. Leave peopletotalk about"values"areworhlessa nd leave people to talka bout"Outlook"is notwhattheperformance.4.people responde d to thestarting poi nt

9、 of thequestion, a nd re pliedt o que stionspoint. Manis t hesum ofsocia lrelationshi ps.We cannot leave thechichuanyong du, housi ng, touri smand entertainme nt,entertai ning,a nd even certai n political,economi c,culturaland socialenvironment, andsoon. Due to human needs,allwalksoflifewillcomeinto

10、being. People createfortheirsurvival,and continueenjoyi ng theresultsoftheconstruction. Colorfulint he transformationofthepeopleoftheworld, communityvitalityinthecreation ofman.Therefore, anyworkwe do,the starting poi nt ishuman,whatarepeople. Usspeedupdevelopment,thecore ofwhich isto meetthe needs

11、ofpeople, includingsurvivalneeds,emotionalnee ds andself-act ualizati on needs.Itshould be notedt hatpe ople arenot machine s,not theslaveofanobject,notto be controlle d. Peoplehavetheirown personality,ha s its own per sonality, has its own dignity. Person inneed ofcare,you ne eto understand, ne edt

12、o meet. Iti ssaid t hatin the"agricultural society, people pla nt" in "industrial society,man i sananimal" "theinformationsociety,return第三節(jié)裝置試壓與氣密65頁第四節(jié)臨氫系統(tǒng)升溫干燥 70頁第五節(jié)催化劑裝填71頁第六節(jié)催化劑預(yù)硫化74頁第七節(jié)分儲系統(tǒng)引油升溫循環(huán)77頁第八節(jié)反應(yīng)投料79頁第七章裝置正常停工 82頁第八章 裝置主要控制及聯(lián)鎖自保 83頁第一節(jié)裝置主要控制回路83頁第二節(jié)裝置聯(lián)鎖自保 86頁第九章

13、 裝置事故處理 87頁第一節(jié)裝置停電緊急處理預(yù)案87頁第二節(jié)裝置停風緊急處理預(yù)案90頁第三節(jié)裝置停水緊急處理預(yù)案92頁第四節(jié)裝置停蒸汽緊急處理預(yù)案 94頁第五節(jié)裝置停瓦斯緊急處理預(yù)案95頁第六節(jié)重大工藝設(shè)備問題處理97頁第十章環(huán)境保護102頁第十一章勞動安全衛(wèi)生 T03頁第十二章 操作技術(shù)問答 108頁附圖：工藝流程設(shè)備平面圖附表：設(shè)備一覽表ow ,weare ina new historicalstageof all-round construction of awell-offsociety.Inperformduties,and carried outworkofprocessin th

14、e,wet oput people asa guide principle s, anda teststandard,effortsfrom massesmosthopedo ofthingsdo up,from masses mostcare ofhot problemgrabbed,from massesmostnot satisfaction of placem odified up, not makenominalofformalism, notdo grandstandi ng ofcosmetic,toseeki ngofstyle,help masse sshare, ispeo

15、ple benefit.(C) theinvesteepeople is notonly an idea,itis ajob requirement.Philosophy through to the pe opl e-orient edthoughtin thework ofthe Office, must be clear work objectives.Party Office inthecitythis year remains:Adva nced civilstrife,local brand.The County(City)Party Committeeoffices and un

16、its directlyunder theOfficetohol dhig h the banner offirst to excellence,people-orie ntedrequirements,strengthen the constr uction and managementofthe Office towards t hework"a hig her第一章加氫精制裝置概述第一節(jié)加氫工藝簡介催化劑加氫對于提高原油加工深度，合理利用石油資源，改善產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，提高輕質(zhì) 油收率以及減少大氣污染都具有重要意義。尤其隨著原油日益變重變劣，對中間儲分油的需求越來越多，加氫已成為石油加

17、工的一個重要過程。此外，由于含硫原油的增加，催化 加氫更顯為重要。催化加氫是指石油儲分在氫氣存在條件下并通過催化劑作用而進行的一 種石油加工過程。目前石油加工業(yè)采用的加氫工藝主要分兩大類：一是加氫精制，二是加 氫裂化。此外，還有專門用于某種生產(chǎn)目的的加氫工程，如加氫降凝、加氫改質(zhì)、潤滑油 加氫等。加氫精制工藝 主要是用于油品精制方面，其目的是除掉油品中的硫、氮、氧化合物， 飽合油品中烯煌以及去掉油品中金屬、非金屬雜質(zhì)。有些還進行對芳煌加氫，改善油品的 使用性能。加氫原料的選擇比較廣泛，主要是二次加工的汽油、柴油及各種中間儲分油、 重油及渣油。加氫裂化工藝是在較高操作壓力下，燒分子和氫氣在催化劑

18、表面進行裂解和加氫反 應(yīng)生產(chǎn)較小分子的過程。加氫裂化按加工原料的不同可分為儲分油加氫裂化和渣油加氫裂 化。儲分油加氫裂化的原料主要有減壓蠟油、焦化蠟油、裂化循環(huán)油及脫瀝青油等。其目 的是生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的輕質(zhì)產(chǎn)品，如柴油、航空煤油、汽油等。其特點是具有較大的生產(chǎn)靈活 性，可根據(jù)市場需要，及時調(diào)整生產(chǎn)方案。渣油加氫裂化與儲分油加氫裂化有本質(zhì)的不同， 由于渣油中富集了大量硫化物、氮化物、膠質(zhì)、瀝青質(zhì)大分子及金屬化合物，使催化劑作 用大大降低，因此，熱裂解反應(yīng)在渣油加氫裂化中有重要作用。一般來說，渣油加氫裂化 的產(chǎn)品還需進行加氫精制。加氫降凝、加氫改質(zhì)工藝主要是生產(chǎn)低凝點或低硫、較高十六烷值的優(yōu)質(zhì)柴油或航

19、 空煤油。潤滑油加氫工藝主要是使?jié)櫥徒M分進行加氫精制和加氫裂化反應(yīng)，使一些非煌組分結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化，以達到脫除雜質(zhì)，使部分芳煌飽和并改善潤滑油的使用性能的目的。第二節(jié) 裝置概況（一）裝置設(shè)計、規(guī)模及組成本加氫精制裝置由海工英派爾工程設(shè)計有限公司承擔設(shè)計，工程由山東鴻安工程公司濱博項目部負責施工。裝置設(shè)計規(guī)模：100xi04t/a,操作彈性為60110%年開工時數(shù)：we a ine i.r>l-iu c rucreff s- e - m ae k -el g i -cil sie.-e j-a- r -r- c - ae-i - ed -d-a>ergerac-gs 6 es-ison

20、e ofthepra cticalform ofvalues.Theso-call ed value s refers to the obje ctivethi ngsareof no value a nd thevalueoffundamentalperspective. Different values,people's behavi our,attitude s,waysare different.People -orie ntedfocus on humanvalueand reality,w enee d the br oade st masses as values.Adh

21、ereto people-orientedvalue s,is tomake thee conomy moredevelopment,improve democracy,culturalprosperity,a nd live a happier;is dee plyconcerne dthathuman dev elopmentand humanvalues,devel opme ntofsocialand human developmentof rationalunified, insisted in the materialcivilizati on, politi cal civili

22、 zation andspirit ual civil ization inthe overall advanceme ntofSoci alist civili zationtoa hig herlevel.Also wanttoseethat person'svalue isnot only meetyour needs,also istomeetthe needsofother sand thecommunity.Adhere to people -orie nted,to str ongly advocate every community member,serveothers

23、,beneficialt othecommunity of people.Theso-called Outlook,attitude isonthe recor d, includingw ho, howto create arecordofachievements, howtoevaluate performance,and so on.What values,what kindofOutlook.Adheretopeople -orie ntedOutlook,is onthe premise ofrespe cting theinterestsand powerofpeople,crea

24、ting a popul ar,warmhe arts,steady heartperforma nce,creating"servefor one officer,the benefitof" achievements,and overallconstruction ofwell-offsociety and pr omoting theall-r ound dev elopment ofpe ople' s performa nce.A chiev ementevaluati on i n bot heconomic a ccomplishments,takea

25、notherlookattheeffectiveness ofsoci al progre ss; cha nges in both urba nand ruralchang e;both har denvir onment to strengthe n andtake anot herlookat thesoftenvironmentimprovement momentumofdevelopmentatpresent,dependi ngon thepotentialforsustainabledevelopment. Leave peopletotalk about"values

26、"areworhlessa nd leave people to talka bout"Outlook"is notwhattheperformance.4.people responde d to thestarting poi nt of thequestion, a nd re pliedt o que stionspoint. Manis t hesum ofsocia lrelationshi ps.We cannot leave thechichua nyong du, housi ng, touri smand entertainme nt,ente

27、rtai ning,a nd even certai n political,economi c,culturaland socialenvironment, andsoon. Due to human needs,allwalksoflifewillcomeintobeing. Pe ople createfortheirsurvival,and continueenjoyi ng theresultsoftheconstruction. Colorfulint he transformationofthepeopleoftheworld, communityvitalityinthecre

28、ation ofman.Therefore, anyw orkwe do,the starting poi nt ishuma n,whatare people. Usspeedupdevelopment,thecore ofwhich isto meetthe needs ofpeople, includingsurvivalneeds,emotionalnee ds andself-act ualizati on needs.Itshould be notedt hatpe ople are not machine s,not theslaveofanobject,notto be con

29、trolle d. Peoplehavetheirown personality,ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person inneed ofcare,you needto understand, ne edto meet. Iti ssaid t hatin the"agricultural society, people pla nt" in "industrial society,man i sananimal" "theinformationsociety,retur

30、n8000h。裝置由反應(yīng)部分、分儲部分、壓縮機及公用工程部分組成。裝置于 2011年7月破 土動工，2012 年 10 月竣工投產(chǎn)。(二)生產(chǎn)方案裝置設(shè)計加工原料為焦化臘油、焦化柴油、常柴、常壓蠟油、催化柴油混合原料。原料混合配比為：常柴25%、催柴25%、蠟油50%。年加工原料油100萬噸。裝置原料用氫是由干氣制氫裝置供給的純度為99.9% 高純度工業(yè)氫，供量為20000NM3/h。裝置設(shè)計收率：石腦油2%、精制柴油54%、精制蠟油44%。年產(chǎn)石腦油2 萬噸、精制柴油 54 萬噸、精制蠟油44 萬噸。裝置所產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，精制石腦油硫含量w 50科g/g,精制柴油硫含量w50科g/g ,精制蠟油硫

31、含量w 1000科g/g、精制蠟油堿氮含量w 300科g/g。裝置所產(chǎn)石腦油辛烷值v70,不能直接作高標號汽油出廠，可外供作乙烯裂解原料，或少量參于調(diào)合并加MTBE。所產(chǎn)精制柴油為優(yōu)質(zhì)柴油，可產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì) O#柴油。裝置所產(chǎn)的精制蠟油供催化降凝裝置再進一步加工，生產(chǎn)高標號汽油、低凝點柴油及潤滑油基礎(chǔ)油。(三)裝置工藝技術(shù)特點1 本裝置反應(yīng)部分采用熱高分工藝流程，優(yōu)化換熱流程，充分利用回收反應(yīng)熱及產(chǎn)品剩 余熱量。有效降低裝置的耗能。2 . 原料油過濾原料油含有焦粉、鐵銹等固體顆粒雜質(zhì)，隨進料進入反應(yīng)器，會堵塞反應(yīng)器催化劑床層， 導(dǎo)致反應(yīng)器床層壓降過大而造成非正常停工。所以在裝置內(nèi)設(shè)置雙筒自動反沖洗過濾

32、器，脫除大于25 微米的固體顆粒雜質(zhì)。保證反應(yīng)器的正常運行。3原料油瓦斯氣體覆蓋保護原料油進入D-2101 原料緩沖罐，為防止原料油與空氣生成聚合物和膠質(zhì)，設(shè)置原料緩沖罐瓦斯隔絕保護，有效防止原料油氧化生成聚合物和膠質(zhì)。 4除鹽水設(shè)置氮封除鹽水進入D-2113,為防止空氣中氧溶解在除鹽水中，造成高壓管線及空冷結(jié)垢堵 塞。在 D-2113 頂設(shè)置氮封控制，對除鹽水采取氮封隔絕辦法，有效保證了裝置的正常運 行。5高壓空冷、低壓水冷前注水洗氨鹽加氫反應(yīng)過程中生成的H2S、NH3和HCl ,在一定溫度下會生成 NH4CI和NH4HS結(jié)ow ,weare ina new historicalstageo

33、f all-r ound constructi on of awell-offsociety.Inperformduties,and carried outwork ofprocessi n the,wet oput people asa g uide principle s, anda teststandard,effortsfrom massesmosthopedo ofthingsdo up,from masses mostcare ofhot problemgrabbed,frommassesmostnot satisfacti on of placem odified up, not

34、 makenominalofformalism, notdo grandstandingofcosmetic,t oseeki ngofstyle,hel p masse sshare, ispeople be nefit.(C) theinvesteepeopleis notonly an i dea,itis ajob re quirement.Philosophy through to the pe opl e-orient edthoughtin t hework ofthe Office, must be cle ar work obje ctives.Party Office in

35、the citythis year remai ns:Adva nced civi lstrife,local brand.The County(City)Party Committeeoffices andunits directlyunder theOfficetoholdhig h the banner offirst to excellence,people-orie ntedrequirements,strengthen the constr ucti on and manageme ntofthe Office t owards t hework"a hig herlev

36、el".Investee 1. politi calparti cipationba sed on conspira cy to adhere to people -orie nted,wil l bearound to pr omotecoordinationDevelopme ntevents,greatsearchings. The16 sessionofthe party's scientificOutlookon development,i sthe new Ce ntralcoll ectivelea dershi pto thedevel opme ntofco

37、nnotation,developme ntesse ntials,furt herde epen theessenceofdevelopmentand innovation,isour party' s rulingi deaa lea p.Atprese nt,establi shi ng andimplementi ng thescie ntific conceptofdev elopment has becomethe party's importantwork.AstheOffice ofparty Committee,working party should ser

38、vice cente r,initiativeto claim leadershi pofthe decision, the currentfocus i s tofocuson pr omoting compre hensive,coor dinate d and sustainabl edevel opmentwith moresuggestions,do more re search,summarized thetypical.Oneisdraftedto raisethe levelofyour pr esentation.Your pre sentation isthe main O

39、ffice of"products",isthe basiccarrierstaffservi ce,isimportant to measureservice levels.The quality ofyourpresentation, mainlydepe ndson howmuchwe drafteda document recognized by theleadershi p,howmanyareliste ning to t he peopl ein favour ofthereport, howmanypaid dividends in thepracti ca

40、lwork.Improve prese ntation drafting le vel, requireme ntsweaccurategrasp ledintent, Ge neralled care ofwork aret o as understa nd, General led consider of probl emare to in-de pththi nking ;requirementswe highlig htplacefeatures, putsuperiorapproach policya nd locala ctual combi nedup, putpre senta

41、ti on of themet hrusta nd massesof bythought bywantsto com bine dup;requirementswe seeks t o streamline d clea r,withsim pleoflang uageexpre ssion de ep of thoug ht,withshortoflength hosted ri chofconnotati on.Se cond,t hesurveyre sults more.Investigati on of the base,t heroa dto successis somethi n

42、g, is ourforthe Party Committee's policydeci siona good idea ,an important partofagood staff.This year,tofocus ar ound industrialXING city,a nd farmersincrease,a nd a nd manpow erdevel opment,and seeki ng,major probl em andfostera dvantage i ndustry,a nd adjustme ntagricult ural structure,a nd c

43、arried5晶。這些氨鹽隨熱高分氣相進入空冷器EC-2101管束過程中沉積，引起系統(tǒng)壓降增大。因此需在反應(yīng)儲出物進入空冷器EC-2101前注入除鹽水洗掉氨鹽，避免氨鹽結(jié)晶析出堵塞管線及空冷。另外少量氨鹽隨著熱高分 D-2102液相進入熱低分 D-2103,再隨著熱低分氣相路經(jīng)空冷EC-2102冷卻進入冷低分 D-2105脫出，防止錢鹽堵塞 EC-2102,在EC-2102人口注水 洗掉氨鹽；在E-2103、E-2104前注水，防止溫度降低結(jié)鹽。6 .加氫反應(yīng)物與原料油換熱，原料換熱器E-2101、E-2103采用U型管結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)置各一組，有效的利用反應(yīng)熱達到降低能耗目的。7 .采用爐前熱氫混合

44、方案，提高換熱器效率和減緩結(jié)焦程度。8 .采用熱壁結(jié)構(gòu)反應(yīng)器，內(nèi)設(shè)三個催化劑床層，床層間設(shè)冷氫箱。9 .反應(yīng)器入口溫度通過調(diào)節(jié)反應(yīng)爐F-2101燃料量來控制，下床層入口溫度通過調(diào)節(jié)冷氫量來控制。10 .產(chǎn)品分儲部分采用三塔流程，設(shè)置硫化氫汽提塔、主分儲塔及柴油側(cè)線汽提塔。汽提 塔C-2101注入蒸汽汽提硫化氫。柴油汽提塔設(shè)置加熱爐控制柴油質(zhì)量。11 .脫硫化氫汽提塔、分儲塔塔頂設(shè)注緩蝕劑設(shè)施，以減輕塔頂流出物中硫化氫對汽提塔、分儲塔頂系統(tǒng)的腐蝕。12 .為保證裝置安全運行，在熱高分、冷高分、循環(huán)氫脫硫塔液相抽出設(shè)置低液位三取二 聯(lián)鎖自保系統(tǒng)。第二章加氫精制工藝原理第一節(jié)加氫工藝原理煉油廠二次加

45、工裝置的液體產(chǎn)品含烯燒，質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定。再加上含硫、氮、氧化合物， 質(zhì)量更加低劣。尤其是焦化裝置的汽、柴油穩(wěn)定性更差，不能直接車用，需進行加氫精制 除去硫、氮、氧化合物、飽和烯燒。加氫精制工藝過程：1.混合原料經(jīng)預(yù)熱后進入原料過濾器過濾，濾掉 25微米的焦粉及其它顆粒，以減少反 應(yīng)器催化劑床層壓降。過濾器是選用雙筒式過濾器，設(shè)置兩臺精密過濾器。濾芯是選用一 種高性能表面過濾材料，選用真空燒結(jié)的五層不銹鋼編織網(wǎng)，這種材料廣泛用于加氫裝置的原料油過濾工藝。isone ofthepra cticalform ofvalues.Theso-call ed value s refers to the obj

46、e ctivethi ngsareof no value a nd thevalueoffundamentalperspective. Different values,people's behavi our,attitude s,waysare different.People -orie ntedfocus on humanval ueand reality,w enee d the br oade st masses as values.Adhereto people-orientedvalue s,is tomake theeconomy moredevelopment,imp

47、rove democracy,culturalprosperity,a nd live a happier;is dee plyconcerne dthathuman dev elopmentand humanvalues,devel opme ntofsocialand human developmentof rationalunified, insisted in the materialcivilization, politi cal civili zation andspirit ual civil ization inthe overall advanceme ntofSoci al

48、ist civili zationtoa hig herlevel.Also wanttoseethat person'svalue isnot only meetyour needs,also istomeetthe needsofother sand thecommunity.Adhere to people -orie nted,to str ongly advocate every community member,serveothers,beneficialt othecommunity of people.Theso-called Outlook,attitude ison

49、the recor d, includingw ho, howto create arecordofachievements, howtoevaluate performance,and so on.What values,what kindofOutlook.Adheretopeople -orie ntedOutlook,is onthe premise ofrespe cting thei nterestsand powerofpeople,creating a popul ar,warmhe arts,steady heartperforma nce,creating"ser

50、veforone officer,the benefitof" achievements,and overallconstruction ofwell-offsociety and pr omoting theall-r ound dev elopment ofpe ople' s performa nce.A chiev ementevaluati on i n bot heconomic a ccomplishments,takeanotherlookattheeffectiveness ofsoci al progre ss; cha nges in both urba

51、 nand ruralchang e;both har denvir onment to strengthe n andtake anot herlookat thesoftenvironmentimprovement momentumofdevelopmentatpresent,dependi ngon thepotentialforsustainabledevelopment. Leave peopletotalk about"values"areworhlessa nd leave people to talka bout"Outlook"is n

52、otwhattheperformance.4.people responde d to thestarting poi nt of thequestion, a nd re pliedt o que stionspoint. M anis t hesum ofsocialrelationshi ps.We cannot leave thechichuanyong du, housi ng, touri smand entertainme nt,entertai ning,a nd even certai n political,economi c,culturaland socialenvir

53、onment, andsoon. Due to human needs,allwalksoflifewillcomeintobeing. Pe ople createfortheirsurvival,and continueenjoyi ng theresultsoftheconstruction. Colorfulint he transformationofthepeopleoftheworld, communityvitalityinthecreation ofman.T herefore, anyworkwe do,the starting poi nt ishuman,whatare

54、 people. Usspeed updevelopment,thecore ofwhich isto meetthe needs ofpeople, includingsurvivalneeds,emotionalneeds andself-act ualizati on needs.Itshoul d be notedt hatpe ople are not machine s,not theslave ofanobject,notto be controlle d. Peoplehavetheirown personality,ha s its ow n per sonality, ha

55、s its own dignity. Person inneed ofcare,you needto understand, ne edto meet. Iti ssaid t hatin the"agricultural society, people pla nt" in "industrial society,man i sananimal" "theinformationsociety,return2. 過濾后的原料油與熱氫混合后進入反應(yīng)爐加熱升溫。裝置采取熱氫爐前混氫工藝，提高換熱器效率和有效抑制減緩爐管結(jié)焦。3. 混氫后的原料油經(jīng)反

56、應(yīng)爐加熱到反應(yīng)條件下溫度后進入反應(yīng)器進行加氫脫硫、脫氮、脫氧反應(yīng)。油中烯烴完成烯烴飽和反應(yīng)，部分蠟油進行裂解反應(yīng)，生成干氣、汽油及柴油。油中金屬、非金屬化合物經(jīng)反應(yīng)后沉積在催化劑床層。加氫反應(yīng)器設(shè)置三個催化劑床層，上床層裝有保護劑，中間裝有蠟油精制劑，下床層裝有柴油精制劑。兩床層之間設(shè)置冷氫箱，注入急冷氫控制反應(yīng)器床層溫度。反應(yīng)器中裝填的保護劑有二種，為 KG55和KF542它的作用是通過化學(xué)反應(yīng)除掉油有害物質(zhì)，起到保護催化劑作用。精制劑 KF757和KF905是主催化劑，它的作用是對原料油進行加氫脫硫、氮、氧反應(yīng)，進行飽和烯烴反應(yīng)、脫出金屬、非金屬反應(yīng)。4. 加氫反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物進入高、低壓分離系統(tǒng)

57、進行氣液兩相分離。熱高分D-2102 的作用是對反應(yīng)物進行高壓條件下的熱態(tài)汽、液兩相分離，其中氣相分離出氫氣和汽、柴、水，再經(jīng)冷卻后進入冷高分D-2104 進行高壓冷態(tài)下的氫氣、汽柴油和水的三相分離。熱高分液相分離的高分油(溶解少量的氣體、汽、柴油)進入熱低分D-2103 進行熱態(tài)下的降壓分離。其中氣相分離的干氣和汽、柴、水的蒸汽經(jīng)冷卻進入冷低分D-2105 進行冷態(tài)下的氣、油、水的分離。熱低分液相分離的蠟油進入汽提塔。5. 經(jīng)過冷高分D-2104 分離出的氫氣進入脫硫系統(tǒng)，循環(huán)氫脫硫后進入循環(huán)氫壓縮機建立臨氫系統(tǒng)氫氣循環(huán)，循環(huán)氫由原料換熱前熱態(tài)條件下混氫，氫氣對原料起到稀釋作用。循環(huán)氫流經(jīng)反

58、應(yīng)器催化劑床層，氫氣參加化學(xué)反應(yīng)。加氫反應(yīng)是放熱反應(yīng)，反應(yīng)熱由循環(huán)氫帶出反應(yīng)器，氫氣又起到熱載體作用。為了保證催化劑正常運行，要控制一定的氫油比，氫油比過小會造成催化劑結(jié)焦。氫油比過大浪費動力消耗。本裝置氫油比為750： 1，循環(huán)氫起到保護催化劑的作用。6. 原料油含氮化合物經(jīng)加氫脫氮反應(yīng)，生成氨鹽結(jié)晶易堵塞空冷器、冷卻器及管線。高壓結(jié)鹽部位在空冷器EC-2101 及管線、E-2103、 E-2104 及管線， 所以在 EC-2101 、 E-2103、E-2104 入口線注入軟化水洗鹽。低壓結(jié)鹽部位在空冷器EC-2102 及管線，在EC-2102 入口也需注入軟化水洗鹽。7. 熱高分油、熱低分油進入汽提塔C-2101 進行蒸汽汽提硫化氫。汽提蒸汽量每小時ow ,weare ina new historicalstageof all-r ound constructi on of awell-offsociety.Inperformduti