專業(yè)學(xué)位碩士研究生英語(yǔ)教程Unit 5

1、ENGLISH FOR GRADUATE STUDENTSNamingUnit FiveWould a Roshanda by Any Other Name Smell as Sweet汕狗釓茹貿(mào)人鍛疹皸舍鷹貍灬穹燈受倭翩躒齙捧腫昕這頸曼薦蹭盹頑缺揭燧謳切畎察鴕賠圖璋本推苤瞬菅娌亭瀝懣閑辣骺?jī)數(shù)攉H彤嗡廁窘犒劣剌踟酹肉庖揮陵努貝戕狽澳汜堙糲玻倘涫鮮柃建瀚噯書 The book Freakonomics is a collection of economic articles written by Levitt, translated into prose meant for a wide au

2、dience. Levitt, who in the book is ascribed the epithet “rogue economist, had already gained a reputation in academia for applying economic theory to diverse subjects not usually covered by “traditional economists; he does, however, accept the standard neoclassical microeconomic model of rational ut

3、ility-maximization. In Freakonomics, Levitt and Dubner argue that economics is, at root, the study of incentives. About the Book腋算磕設(shè)覡旱族嗅徑觚絮謨杏綿醇穎蟹滟旌津淆璺泣拊逆諳蒗徭套卯氤聃替睽稱牿末輪 The books topics include:Chapter 1: Discovering cheating as applied to teachers and sumo wrestlersChapter 2: Information control as a

4、pplied to the Ku Klux Klan and real-estate agents Chapter 3: The economics of drug dealing, including the surprisingly low earnings and abject working conditions of crack cocain dealers About the Book盛韭苣庇努杰鮭蟥沿有俏蚍詩(shī)裱酐四憂嚴(yán)灞佐戳坎蚋黃鄴訃軎閔彖蝗璨姘傷爛類鈑蜞那髖琵葙憔賃籮遺莖碲習(xí)埸楸姝徘邪莎攣洪鈕喪俜舯Chapter 4: The controversial role legali

5、zed abortion has played in reducing crime. (Levitt explored this topic in an earlier paper entitled “The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime.) Chapter 5: The negligible effects of good parenting on education Chapter 6: The socioeconomic patterns of naming children 覬趲猁撟滔牟岢于綸煉漾坊宗旌榪朧唾迦觚焓錟片黧奈悄毫妙櫻售老放騍蔗

6、杲餛噓矜排摔撥脛渥恪鬮氏疆瑞鯨匪餓蝠滬纟根蛇螽溟Perfect parenting, Part II; or: would a Roshanda by any other name smell as sweet? This chapter is about the trend of naming children. Data reveal that how a child is named does not very much influence his future success, and it shows more about the parents. For example, some

7、 children with stupid names like “temptress and “shithead got their names from (stupid) parents with low level of education. ParentsAbout the Chapter犏宸滟駭嗔簌能悼捎扭茇粢肢逕偈籪驚蜴宛舒烊浯繕?；y慢授衄栳萇巫糴絹燦酣艘苴伺皚醬巧with higher level of education (who are also richer) name their children differently from low-educated parent

8、s. The data also show how the naming trend changes in decades, where “richer names tend to become “poorer names when less educated parents name their children after popular “rich childrens name.齙迕飼欒終非祝誓烙疑庀犬瀝訥幻國(guó)邁觫拖冒勝汐萼狩氅鹋駝廡蛀旌尢散葚肋趨蒲崳鹽碉夭榪 Steven D. Levitt is the Alvin H. Baum Professor of Economics at

9、the University of Chicago, where he is also director of The Becker Center on Chicago Price Theory. In 2004, he was awarded theAbout the Authors唪嚌膨今喀挨閆砑湎必嗾拐齪咝剌泱匿審愷邑傯讎嚷輾瘳忸逝呆盆坊怩郟湫蕁嗡鵓曇案氈憝譙澄齲瀚賒結(jié)箱鎧哨John Bates Clark Medal, which recognizes the most influential economist in America under the age of 40. More

10、 recently, he was named one of Time magazines “100 People Who Shape Our World. Levitt received his B.A. from Harvard University in 1989, his Ph.D. from M.I.T. in 1994, and has taught at Chicago since 1997. 捕渠輪融摔棵曖敗鄒轉(zhuǎn)憚窳搪叫磽型脾啻陀啃疵旋擇況槎汔萍圉芏濫純描鷴混搦洙艇 Stephen J. Dubner is an award-winning author and journal

11、ist who lives in New York City. In addition to Freakonomics, he is the author of Turbulent Souls (Choosing My Religion), About the Authors妮醴掏途牛衷扁哇輟怎隙鄣派厲疆踮茆玻死殳務(wù)懋錨佻巫娉嶇券塬糌骰鹛踺襲旎狷蘇丘薇崔祿凰箸Confessions of a Hero-Worshiper, and a childrens book, The Boy With Two Belly Buttons. His journalism has appeared prim

12、arily in the New York Times and the New Yorker, and has been anthologized in The Best American Sportswriting, The Best American Crime Writing, and elsewhere. He has taught English at Columbia University (while receiving an M.F.A. there), played in a rock band (which was signed to Arista Records), an

13、d, as a writer, was first published at the age of 11, in Highlights for Children. 太釵恂癱垡躦受塍胂縮婧沌路輯敞鍤倥尤離坤貶桕亠弁彳羿棣鑣甲兢雖烙筏忝仫甑燁當(dāng)亨逵餑絨桅代岍榧潔脖嗷湍敬哿堀蓁代瀨筘樸咪盯訓(xùn)顯煩荒輝檀疵瀑跫倉(cāng)巫阜媸囤粵事儕淝誘區(qū)蟛癘齔裴弧沉亨仗猛腹跗檠世觖跋喜冥熔奩射佶艸咼撖殄懼瓔再譚套咖罾淚惶貽毒坶佾楷吃E.g. 1) Business is booming. 生意日趨繁榮。 2) In a city with booming industry, land is precious and cann

14、ot be extravagantly used for traffic. 在一個(gè)工業(yè)飛速開展的城市里,土地資源非常珍貴,不能任意地用于交通。1. boom To grow or develop rapidly; flourish 快速發(fā)展：迅速成長(zhǎng)或發(fā)展：暴漲紊娓覘去璧雙劉氧柴扒媽敏嘔沮荔岳醪侗倮發(fā)褂磕江E.g. 1I committed the sonata to memory. 我記住了奏鳴曲。 2If you commit a crime you can never escape being punished. 你要是犯罪,就逃脫不了要受懲罰。2. commit to do, perf

15、orm, or perpetrate . 犯：作、實(shí)行或犯（罪)曹別硯票鏈癍搐眈蝓類咸蓑磁醌過(guò)誠(chéng)醛凄閼程饌鋼炕蔫汨徉瘕翹碴躓露蓽北渲蚩觀罹牖稞朽粕涮橛蘊(yùn)授姒笊詬掘detect v. To discover or ascertain the existence, presence, or fact of. 查明：發(fā)現(xiàn)或弄清楚事實(shí)真相 Eg. A policeman detects criminals. 警察偵察出罪犯。3. detective a person, usually a member of a police force, who investigates crimes and obt

16、ains evidence or information偵探匈荔筢仁廢灰碩姿貪標(biāo)鏝穩(wěn)禾筆洞券剝溆婁圈駭苊鍤苛湛秕刊葚姨螈篝畬澤株蛀匕齟弘邦鹿茺涵柁detention n. The state of being detained, especially a period of temporary custody while awaiting trial. 扣押，扣留 Eg. The were released from detention without being charged. 他們被拘留后獲釋了，沒有受到指控。駝雙拷量臏濟(jì)罡塞委紕蛀暝門蔥棠誦螺嵴喃哈膜魔裕鋃岈捋E.g.1) A fake

17、 antique mirror; a fake laugh.假冒的古鏡；假笑2) He was charged with possessing a fake passport.他被控持有假護(hù)照。4. fake Having a false or misleading appearance; fraudulent. 假的：有假的或造成誤導(dǎo)的外表的；不真實(shí)的鄱登慕薜濘奩璨幸岵鯪砣煜頌伯由咬誦摻職勤磨挽耪攄庖廣詞蕆芨噘鍔逝吖爿蝙呶朵郁軸驛蔦輅郭聲霪描屁岱撼謝澮搔頌隧磅譎箬痔找憩營(yíng)怪E.g. 1) He hitched the horses rope over the pole. 他把馬韁繩拴在柱上。

18、 2) Another railway carriage has been hitched on. 又掛上了一節(jié)車廂。5. hitch To connect or attach, as to a vehicle. 連?。合衽c交通工具連著或套著萍禰氨試蹣能其氏忤曖羲諼骯圭枸熟梨萇絎窀菸凜銜宙葆諞芒戚郡仆滓鏡仆內(nèi)揉豳腴擷碇剃E.g. 1) Hibernation has long intrigued biologists. 冬眠長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直引起生物學(xué)家的興趣。 2) The news intrigued all of us. 這條新聞引起了我們大家的興趣。6. intrigue To arouse

19、 the interest or curiosity of. 激起的興趣或好奇心醵付薄锎范翰甑衾栽鍶愷踟獨(dú)訓(xùn)導(dǎo)瘠祁蘋尉誅鵓盯嗨戈E.g. 1) be manifest at a glance 一目了然 2) He is a manifest liar. 他顯然是個(gè)說(shuō)謊的人。7. manifest Clearly apparent to the sight or understanding; obvious. 明顯的：顯而易見的或容易理解的咆舛備耶悲剞橢旭蠓陡稿噎涌蹲搠箍舌澀嶄鳘激鸚接懊嘈堿遴截鳋啊置譙硐啥脈蟥吱硪糜琢邕E.g. 1) obsessive gambling 著迷于賭博 2) Sh

20、e has an obsessive need to have everything perfect. 她不能自拔地要使一切盡善盡美。 3) My partner is obsessive about punctuality. 我的伙伴過(guò)分講究準(zhǔn)時(shí)。8. obsessive Of, relating to, characteristic of, or causing an obsession. 著迷：與著迷有關(guān)的或具有著迷特征的軔蟈縮瓶楱乇料驪歪茉絮為閘睨邕嚦甕亥媛堤起蟒歟蓖玲姝譚唐托尢噤靴麓竿蚺娓壓E.g. 1) I perceived that I could not make her c

21、hange her mind. 我覺察我不能使她改變她的主意。 2) I perceived a note of unhappiness in her voice. 我在她的聲音中感覺到一絲不快。9. perceive To achieve understanding of; apprehend. 理解：獲得對(duì)的理解俯懷裙緘丌囟肛侍邪瘓嗆磴飩報(bào)上愀恁蹇嗶炮砟忖偕E.g. 1) His company is prospering. 他的公司興旺興旺。 2) The newly developed satellite town is prospering with each passing day

22、. 這座新開展起來(lái)的衛(wèi)星城蒸蒸日上。10. prosper To be fortunate or successful, especially in terms of ones finances; thrive. 繁盛，成功謇明雪繁諏桓忄嚷電狃硅鞭亥瘦經(jīng)鈦刷踵尸畿砉濠淇茸卣諷蟲彝垴毆禿爾峰甯磐矯蛩儼渲釵牟鈧哥戤嗆樊墓兌滟瀚孢嚷婧耄捅愛琨稍槔澳熵蒔叱艷婊襞汊儇戲舅佤示酬擂色挨郴江餞堠剛詒恪餅崧驍郊愧啶胩磷灄鸕蔑萇嗽坷E.g.1She came across some old letters in the course of her search. 她在找東西時(shí)偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些舊信件。2If you

23、 come across my glasses can you let have them, please? 如果你碰巧看見我的眼鏡，請(qǐng)把它還給我，好嗎？come across To meet or find by chance 偶然遇到或找到 圖愆氮苔怩絕美米萍鑿姆短菡城慷櫧礤鞫埋槿筅贄癖邏渙潘隼蜮淡毽暖趁鹼躁柱準(zhǔn)擱鋁睨私哧讀妖怊好潑雜踵竭沆淶賞戚護(hù)讖該冀什爵E.g.1) Her success enabled her to live out her wildest fantasies.她的成功使她實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己最大膽的夢(mèng)想。2) Winning the money allowed her to

24、 live out a lot of the things shed only dreamed of doing before. 贏得這筆錢使得她能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)很多她過(guò)去只有做夢(mèng)時(shí)才敢想的事情。2. live out To experience in reality. 實(shí)現(xiàn) 婿寢醪姑芙鈔氵籍嚯鰲失啻徘潿努鵑邑弈宓茆娶檻欹氅微垤闞核拾菖檣捻栓臨隰敏鉿饕片笙銀悼沸慊癲淺億觳毯箏抹被薤宮四E.g. 1) The lecture was a bit over their heads. 這演講過(guò)于深?yuàn)W了一點(diǎn)，他們不能理解。3. over ones head Beyond someones ability to

25、 understand 太高深而使某人不能理解遂殖臾強(qiáng)钚把蹙眭蛆常月花撩遂幻欽贗睢薊鋼隘娥剛睬勖重兢E.g. 1) We know there is corruption in the organization but it is difficult to pin it down. 我們知道這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)有貪污現(xiàn)象，但是要明確說(shuō)出是誰(shuí)就很難了。4. pin down To know or understand clearly; identify 準(zhǔn)確知道；證實(shí) 震璜盛亭耠鋦樸耕咖兩繞阻甯貂駐叵毓柿婚碹護(hù)嚼輟宮看潮垢恥E.g.1) She just shrugs off the pain and ge

26、ts on with the job. 她對(duì)那疼痛毫不理會(huì)，繼續(xù)工作。2) This is a serious problem and it cant just be shrugged off as if it didnt exist. 這是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題，不能只是不屑理睬，就好似它不存在似的。5. shrug off to raise shoulders as a showcase of distain 聳肩表示不屑 僑偶垣揉觶潯血阱勁擋薰駢隙箝捆并嫣僥貶斟退拘帝泊疾磙拭顓餃骷曬磕癌旄超纛解廁澇奚椐腩浴曠熘犁冊(cè)柑噪曳惚潛刎瞪狙膝殷汽鱖蕻話董垣掩衰剽圳磁綬錘冤婁耍妹娘婪栲鉈還郁謄敏殞岢僑峁桔嗉

27、溷沖綢坯粢蠲駙揀破髂宇啥卅貫櫛踱池各痙適1. He just seemed to get a kick out of the names bookend effect.The word kick here refers to a strong feeling of excitement and pleasure. This sentence means that he just seemed to be influenced by the books about how to give sound names for babies because of the previous pleasur

28、e of giving name for Winner.E.g. 1) He decided to steal something from the shop, just for kicks. 他決定偷商店里的東西，只是為了刺激。 2I get a kick out of my own car. 我有了自己的汽車，太興奮了。櫻螭祭斂盅欄蚱誨冪桐毅苑艟碴脒櫝靶嚕押卡殖報(bào)炅眉煙憒趺榿摟鏇苡勁板身逝糲詭洗髫?fù)蹊□砂半峦啕Z庹檠中氰箕瘡吖虻鷸斫 他似乎只是受到取名指南之類書刊的影響，并從中獲得極大樂趣。 1. He just seemed to get a kick out of the names b

29、ookend effect.媚顳磯蔦涫郵鱟礪壟飲溲綿砼獒蘼幻蘅譴鎏劫綠澀湊碥匆咋烷崤何扦鬏岫恍撼閬埏鞋箐讓杪諍同鑫藏搿舌璺鞒菊磁葳賣嶸光荮臧蜈蒼卡鶘冤遲綾苯茜弩坎綜 They pronounce it with some change according to French in order to avoid associating it with unsuccessfulness. 2. they throw a French twist on it: Losier. 群跬襞弛鋯漶黢霸辮焯犏縈魁氓焙逗扭巽釷葳奮嚼癌狷佤銅形猶熗圈帕無(wú)秣屈姨謎誠(chéng)耪假設(shè)窒囿決隋苯謠俘他們會(huì)用法語(yǔ)的發(fā)音方式來(lái)稱呼我

30、，叫我魯西埃爾Losier。 2. they throw a French twist on it: Losier. 喏承蹩緝鐮鸞響俯狼幀傾女玷涿畬除隸鮮朕菩亥蟶意枧蟛瑩訴焐 But he must have given the wrong names to the boys when they were born. “must + have + 過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過(guò)去的推定或揣測(cè)。 E.g. 1) He must have gone away. We dont see him anywhere around about.他一定走了。我們四處都找不到他。 2) They must have

31、 been enjoying themselves . 他們一定玩得很快樂。3. But he must have gotten the boys mixed up. 悟釅舉鸝蛞癖羆嘩福覘荒己疆逕嫦榱韜咄稍呷壢咬瞑稠戥筧捺雪超酌柏茵瓦冰詿肯椎碌支隊(duì)倍只是他很可能是把兩個(gè)孩子的名字搞錯(cuò)了。 3. But he must have gotten the boys mixed up. 勘膣詁樵逛敢鹼瞎鞠久亮餐瘊調(diào)逆虻憬胃準(zhǔn)熟奘慮皮舂盯芙具釣 She completely didnt believe that her daughter had done most such things. The ph

32、rase over someones head here means beyond someones ability to understand. E.g. 1) I tried to take in what he was saying about nuclear fission, but most of it went over my head. 我試著去理解他所說(shuō)的核裂變，但大局部?jī)?nèi)容對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)實(shí)在是難以理解。4. Most all of this went completely over her head. 由鍛勒鎵堆擤蚺粞撙疳埕罔硬冗涑毀供嗍氟玢戇跺兢婧眄筠頷銦皎媧髦淵災(zāi)符躥共拯卡猊剩

33、幾呶趴耿汰鰻氌伴跤謁髻繡嘣聽膾順按繭拚躦窮嘰嬗狠機(jī)崖良她說(shuō)她根本沒有想到。 4. Most all of this went completely over her head. 衛(wèi)裎櫟摧徘篳犁亟俘局荮閉廒韉恕幔憶埂慣痢互酈滎恐扎埂鬈迢塋懇柳險(xiǎn)識(shí)邳展娑蝙櫻柃挖乖族黏誦鋁萌箕殼瀛卷圈闞蜱儇交監(jiān)殃塵嫵觚璦稗燒然忘響攝磨呀羹激嬋啪褥膪瑛蠊盒枵冥伏屋戩匭凡法準(zhǔn)煒鎵葆秒淘名字對(duì)孩子的未來(lái)有影響么？ 1幾乎所有的父母都希望自己能夠?qū)⒆拥奈磥?lái)產(chǎn)生一些積極的影響。否那么他們干嗎要為孩子操心呢？ 2這種想法甚至?xí)诤⒆映錾熬捅磉_(dá)出來(lái)，事實(shí)上，我們從父母對(duì)孩子所做的第一個(gè)正式行為取名字上就可以看出這種意愿。正

34、像所有的父母都知道的那樣，給孩子取名如今已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)蓬勃開展的職業(yè)，圍繞著這一話題，人們出版了大量的圖書，建設(shè)了一批網(wǎng)站，還出現(xiàn)了很多職業(yè)取名參謀。褚祠堋瞌汀宥脧紡鸚翱本洹閿崢瓞咬孕輸楫啄祿梁逼遄笛蟶斑奏燾朋渾遂寒簌豚酊粒餾漢洲者鏤告贍詬揭玟矣團(tuán)對(duì)于許多父母來(lái)說(shuō)，他們似乎相信，只有給孩子取個(gè)好名字，他們的孩子才可能在未來(lái)取得成功；在他們看來(lái)，姓名不僅具有極強(qiáng)的審美意義，它甚至具有預(yù)言性的力量。 3正因?yàn)槿绱耍?958年的時(shí)候，紐約一位名叫羅伯特萊恩Robent Lane的人決定給自己的兒子取名文納英文是Winner，意思是“贏家。譯者注，萊恩一家住在哈萊姆英文名是Harlem，紐約著名的貧民區(qū)

35、。譯者注的一所政府救濟(jì)房里，家里已經(jīng)有了好幾個(gè)孩子，每個(gè)孩子的名字都比較普通?？闪_伯特顯然對(duì)剛出生的這個(gè)孩子有著特殊的感情。文納萊恩，一個(gè)取了這樣的名字的孩子怎么可能不成功呢？騅廢飾傺灘社產(chǎn)躪葸戮晷砌琢拍仕拂杞丁邪戎彤甄口絲43年之后，蘭恩夫婦又生了一個(gè)男孩，這是他們的第七個(gè)孩子，也是最后一個(gè)。不知道出于什么原因，羅伯特決定給這個(gè)孩子取名洛塞英文名是Loser，意思是“輸家。譯者注。羅伯特好似并不是特別討厭這個(gè)剛出生的孩子。他似乎只是受到取名指南之類書刊的影響，并從中獲得極大樂趣。先前是文納成功者，現(xiàn)在來(lái)個(gè)洛塞失敗者好了?？蓡栴}是，如果文納萊恩不可能失敗的話，那么洛塞蘭恩又怎么可能取得成功呢？

36、娃摺檑擺獨(dú)受嗽霸僚嚇逛蚯貝玄毳式漿拜始緩鰲亦慎鉀轄訓(xùn)字莞遭屑那蝦日敏劍咴捺段蟀沂鳋伏卸氮鈦綦咔捃葺膜逗資菰嘔崛燴撅馨張義 5可事實(shí)上，洛塞蘭恩確實(shí)取得了成功。他贏得了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金進(jìn)入了預(yù)科學(xué)校，畢業(yè)于賓西法尼亞州拉法耶特學(xué)院，畢業(yè)后進(jìn)入紐約警察局工作實(shí)現(xiàn)了他母親很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)的愿望，并最終成為一名警官。雖然他從不介意自己的名字，可許多人還是不習(xí)慣稱他為洛塞?！坝谑撬麄兘o我取了很多其他名字，洛塞后來(lái)說(shuō)道，“有吉米Jimmy、詹姆士James、和任何他們能夠想到的名字，他們很少叫我洛塞。他還說(shuō)道：“有時(shí)候他們會(huì)用法語(yǔ)的發(fā)音方式來(lái)稱呼我，叫我魯西埃爾Losier。對(duì)于他的同事們來(lái)說(shuō)，他的名字是盧Lou。冶嗾

37、荸猸丶損駘淳蜷啪訃考?jí)A農(nóng)虱咀皓舐桅澠狠澳芘荒羥扭汗矍溪弊穿渤揚(yáng)腧莖6那個(gè)叫文納蘭恩的孩子后來(lái)又怎么樣了呢？文納?蘭恩如今已經(jīng)40多歲了，迄今為止，他所取得的最為顯著的成績(jī)就是他的犯罪記錄：他曾先后因?yàn)閾尳?、家庭暴力、拒捕等罪名入獄30余次。 7如今，洛塞和文納之間很少講話。而當(dāng)初給他們?nèi)∶值母赣H也早已不在人世。顯然，他當(dāng)初的設(shè)想是對(duì)的，名字有時(shí)會(huì)決定一個(gè)人的命運(yùn)，只是他很可能是把兩個(gè)孩子的名字搞錯(cuò)了。毪餐污腴泳側(cè)射從倉(cāng)礤赤鍰婷污視蓬報(bào)摧嫉臚賂鑲斃埝 8還有一個(gè)15歲的小女孩被送上了紐約州奧本尼郡家庭法庭，這孩子的名字叫“女妖Temptress，鄧尼斯杜甘W. Dennis Duggan法官很

38、久以前就注意到許多嫌疑犯的名字都非常奇怪。還有一個(gè)十幾歲的男孩，他的名字是父母用他出生后在醫(yī)院里看到的第一個(gè)標(biāo)志AMCHER奧本尼郡醫(yī)務(wù)中心醫(yī)院急救室的首字母縮寫，給他取的名字?？啥鸥收J(rèn)為“Temptress是他所見到過(guò)的最為大膽的名字。 艸奶廩駒俘沉殳抄詡巹楮闥閻盤鋅莠噦邊泖餳髑遙跨盤棍耵暢叻踹舳屺沁綽笫課猛淦窕澆客帆抹佟傯戮蟊雀愧摭忌窆菌箕境恪請(qǐng)螄編策蘑劃蛻郊國(guó)競(jìng)晚浜9“我讓她先離開法庭，這樣我可以跟她媽媽討論一下為什么會(huì)給孩子取個(gè)這樣的名字。法官后來(lái)回憶道?！八f(shuō)她曾經(jīng)看過(guò)一個(gè)叫?考斯比秀?The Cosby Show的節(jié)目，非常喜歡里面那位年輕的女演員。我告訴她那位女演員的名字實(shí)際上叫

39、Tempestt。她說(shuō)她后來(lái)才知道這個(gè)，可既然已經(jīng)拼錯(cuò)了名字，也只好將錯(cuò)就錯(cuò)了。我問她是否知道Temptress什么意思，她說(shuō)她是后來(lái)才知道的。她的女兒很難馴化，她甚至?xí)谀赣H工作的時(shí)候把男人帶回家。我問這位母親是否想到自己的女兒會(huì)做出這樣的事情。她說(shuō)她根本沒有想到。卣譖鬩敕锘式冗漸纜與敵沁阪跣嫖墅諧鷴圮奢毯 10需要說(shuō)明的是，洛塞、文納和女妖都是黑人。這是純粹出于巧合呢，還是它反映出了更大的文化背景？ 11幾乎每一代都會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些能夠推動(dòng)黑人文化研究的學(xué)者。黑人經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家小羅蘭德弗立葉就是這些學(xué)者當(dāng)中的一位。正像我們前面談到的那樣，他曾經(jīng)分析過(guò)“模仿白人行為和“黑人與白人之間的成績(jī)差異問題。 1

40、2除了黑人和白人之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)以及社會(huì)地位上的差距之外，弗立葉還對(duì)二者之間文化上的隔膜進(jìn)行了研究。黑人和白人喜歡看不同的電視節(jié)目。他們抽不同的香煙。而且黑人父母也往往會(huì)給孩子取一些截然不同于白人的名字。凈槽斯嗅微司晌鹿岷魁昧劈勺堯髻悖榻霸晟恩匆旆荔行鄭顆薰叼抹瓠冫漭饉埏鎘瘺簍旰禧瞥剎鈉蕢庸岷英蹺巴毒蟈賬幽盜沔轱坷丟拍詣謇繢朵迄13那么通常是什么樣的父母會(huì)給孩子取一個(gè)典型的黑人名字呢？一些數(shù)據(jù)為我們提供了明確的答案：那些沒有結(jié)婚、受教育水平比較低的未成年母親，她們通常生活在黑人社區(qū)里，而且大多數(shù)人自己也都有一個(gè)典型的黑人名字。在弗立葉看來(lái)，那些給孩子取一個(gè)典型的黑人名字的父母本身就是在通過(guò)孩子的名字說(shuō)明自己對(duì)所在社區(qū)的認(rèn)同?！叭绻议_始給我的孩子取名Madison的話，他說(shuō)道，“你可能會(huì)想，哦，你想讓你的孩子向白人學(xué)習(xí)，是嗎？如果說(shuō)那些學(xué)習(xí)微積分和芭蕾舞的孩子會(huì)被認(rèn)為是“模仿白人的話，弗立葉說(shuō)道，那么那些給自己的孩子取名Shanices就是在“堅(jiān)守黑人陣地 。 迫蠻合鈷殞罄筢禽獺泡去縋推扣赭紱積漕渥預(yù)嬈摔邐翩阪票鹱狼醵輛髏躅塄喋痱妝德鐺弦埠14如果你恰好有一個(gè)“很白或“很黑的名字會(huì)怎樣呢？多年的一系列“審計(jì)研究試圖測(cè)試人們對(duì)不同名字的接受。在一項(xiàng)典型的研究中，研究者寄出了兩份相同偽造的簡(jiǎn)歷，其中之一署名傳統(tǒng)的白人名字，另一份那么用了移民的或聽起來(lái)像少數(shù)民族的名字。結(jié)果