大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(B)全國(guó)統(tǒng)考輔導(dǎo)課件

1、 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)B全國(guó)統(tǒng)考輔導(dǎo)資料目 錄 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(B)考試大綱 考試內(nèi)容復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo) 第一局部：交際用語(yǔ) 一、解題技巧 二、例題講解 第二局部：閱讀理解 一、閱讀方法 二、閱讀題類型及解題技巧 三、例題講解 第三局部：詞匯和語(yǔ)法 一、詞匯 二、語(yǔ)法第四局部：完型填空一、解題技巧二、例題講解第五局部：英譯漢一、解題技巧二、例題講解第六局部：寫作局部一、寫作類型二、作文練習(xí) 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(B)考試大綱考試對(duì)象 教育部批準(zhǔn)的現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育試點(diǎn)高校網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育學(xué)院和中央播送電視大學(xué)“人才培養(yǎng)模式改革和開放教育試點(diǎn)工程中自2004年3月1日(含3月1日)以后入學(xué)的本科層次學(xué)歷教育的學(xué)生，應(yīng)參加網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育局部公共根底課全國(guó)統(tǒng)

2、一考試。 “大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(B)考試大綱適用于除英語(yǔ)類和藝術(shù)類專業(yè)以外的其他專業(yè)高中起點(diǎn)與專科起點(diǎn)本科學(xué)生。考試目標(biāo) 本考試旨在全面檢查現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育所有專業(yè)(除英語(yǔ)類和藝術(shù)類專業(yè))的學(xué)生掌握英語(yǔ)根底知識(shí)的水平及應(yīng)用能力?？忌鷳?yīng)掌握根本的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和詞匯，具備運(yùn)用不同語(yǔ)言技能進(jìn)行交際的根本能力?！菊Z(yǔ)法】考生應(yīng)掌握根本的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，并能在語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)中較正確地加以運(yùn)用?！驹~匯】考生應(yīng)認(rèn)知3000個(gè)單詞，并熟練掌握其中的1800個(gè)單詞及其根本的搭配。【交際能力】考生應(yīng)掌握日常生活常見情景中的根本交際用語(yǔ)?！鹃喿x】考生應(yīng)能讀懂與日常生活和社會(huì)生活相關(guān)的不同類型的文字材料，閱讀速度為每分鐘50個(gè)單詞?？忌鷳?yīng)能

3、： 1理解主旨要義； 2理解文中具體信息； 3根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)生詞詞義； 4進(jìn)行有關(guān)的判斷、推理和引申，理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度?？荚噧?nèi)容與要求【翻譯】考生應(yīng)能在15分鐘內(nèi)將3個(gè)難度適中的英文句子翻譯成中文?？忌鷳?yīng)能： 1對(duì)英語(yǔ)原文有準(zhǔn)確的理解； 2做到譯文通順、達(dá)意。【寫作】考生應(yīng)能在30分鐘內(nèi)寫出長(zhǎng)度不少于80詞的常見應(yīng)用文及一般的表達(dá)文、說明文和議論文?？忌鷳?yīng)能： 1用較正確的語(yǔ)法、詞匯、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行表達(dá)； 2根本做到內(nèi)容切題，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，條理清楚； 3根據(jù)不同的寫作目的進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的寫作。部分項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)容題型考點(diǎn)題量分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)間（分鐘）交際英語(yǔ)5個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話單選日常情景交際能力51510閱讀理解

4、2篇短文，文章包括應(yīng)用文、描述文、記敘文、說明文或議論文等單選理解主旨要義、具體信息103020詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)5個(gè)單句單選詞匯與語(yǔ)法知識(shí)運(yùn)用51510完型填空1篇短文單選詞匯、句法和篇章和知識(shí)運(yùn)用101010英譯中3個(gè)單句翻譯短句翻譯能力31510寫作1篇作文命題作文短文寫作能力11530總計(jì)3410090試卷結(jié)構(gòu)與題型考試方式與時(shí)間考試為閉卷機(jī)考。考試總分值為100分，時(shí)間為90分鐘?？荚噧?nèi)容復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo) 【學(xué)習(xí)方法】本輔導(dǎo)資料針對(duì)統(tǒng)考題型著重講解解題技巧、語(yǔ)法和相關(guān)例題。在學(xué)習(xí)本輔導(dǎo)資料的同時(shí)，要多做練習(xí)題，請(qǐng)大家從學(xué)院主頁(yè)統(tǒng)考專區(qū)中下載。下載地址：n - 統(tǒng)考專區(qū) - 統(tǒng)考輔導(dǎo) - 統(tǒng)考資料入口

5、 - 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)考復(fù)習(xí)資料 - 仿真模擬題第一局部：交際用語(yǔ) 日常交際用語(yǔ)是大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(B)統(tǒng)考試題中的第一局部，目的是考查考生在不同的情境中運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交際的能力。 一、解題技巧在學(xué)習(xí)、使用和復(fù)習(xí)交際用語(yǔ)局部時(shí)，大家要掌握使用交際用語(yǔ)的幾個(gè)原那么：A. 禮貌原那么1 We are going to have a singing party tonight. Would you like to join us? _ A. Im afraid not, because I have to go to an important meeting. B. Of course not. I have no

6、 idea. C. No. I cant. D. Thats all set. 答案：A。 禮貌原那么還表現(xiàn)在拒絕一個(gè)請(qǐng)求的方式上：一種是委婉地回絕，上面例子 “Im afraid not 就是這種情況；另一種是先表同意，然后用“but來(lái)個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折，表達(dá)出不同意的意思。例如： I would love to, but Thats a good idea, but 2 Would you like to go out for a walk with us? _, but I must finish my homework first. A. Of course not B. Thats all ri

7、ght C. Id love to D. Yes, I do答案：C。B. 文化遵從原那么 Mary, your dress is really beautiful. . A. No, it is not. B. Its expensive. C. Thank you. D. Dont say that. Its ugly. 答案：C。C. 利他原那么 Excuse me, I am going to the airport, could you please tell me the way? _ A. Really? B. You can ask him. C. No, I dont kno

8、w. D. Sorry, I am new here too. But you can ask the policeman over there.答案：D。二、例題講解 交際用語(yǔ)在統(tǒng)考試題中，考察題型主要可分為以下兩類：功能性的日常用語(yǔ)；日常情景對(duì)話 功能性的日常用語(yǔ)包括：?jiǎn)柡蚺c應(yīng)答；辭別；感謝與應(yīng)答；請(qǐng)求允許與應(yīng)答；提供幫助與應(yīng)答；祝愿、祝賀與應(yīng)答；抱歉與應(yīng)答；邀請(qǐng)與應(yīng)答；表示個(gè)人意見；表示心情和態(tài)度。 日常情景對(duì)話包括：約會(huì)；打 ；問路；詢問事物；天氣；交通；購(gòu)物；就餐；旅游；健康。一 功能性的日常用語(yǔ) 1、問候與應(yīng)答 A. How are you? /Hows everything wi

9、th you? 你好嗎?/一切都好嗎? B. Fine, thank you, and you? /Very well, thank you.挺好的，謝謝。你好嗎? Just so-so. 一般。 Pleased/Glad to meet you here. 很快樂在這里見到你。例題講解1 How are you, Bob? Ted. A. How are you?B. Im fine. Thank you. C. How do you do?D. Nice to meet you. 答案：B。2 How do you do? Glad to meet you. _ A. Fine. How

10、are you? B. How do you do? Glad to meet you, too. C. How are you? Thank you! D. Nice. How are you?答案：B。2、辭別A. Im afraid I must be leaving now. 恐怕我得走了。 Sorry, I must go now. 抱歉我得走了。 I think its time for us to leave. 我想我們?cè)撾x開了。B. Good night. 晚安。 Good bye. /See you. 再見。例題講解1 Marilyn, Im afraid I have to

11、 be leaving now. _ A. That sounds wonderful.B. Oh, so early? C. Not at all.D. Good luck!答案：B。2 Its getting late. Im afraid I must go now. OK. . A. Take it easyB. Go slowly C. Stay longerD. See you答案：D。3、感謝與應(yīng)答A. 表達(dá)感謝Thanks a lot! / Thank you (very much). 多謝!Its very kind of you (to help me). 你真是太好了。B

12、. 答復(fù)Not at all. / Thats all right./ Dont mention it. Youre welcome. /My pleasure. 不客氣。不用謝。例題講解1Thanks for your help. _ A. My pleasure.B. Never mind. C. Quite right.D. Dont thank me.答案：A。2 Thank you for inviting me. _ A. I really had a happy time. B. Oh, its too late. C. Thank you for coming. D. Oh,

13、so slowly?答案：C。4、請(qǐng)求允許與應(yīng)答A. 提出請(qǐng)求May /Can /could I use (borrow/ask/see) ?我可以用/借/問/看嗎？I wonder /I am wondering if you could do something for me. 不知道您能否幫我做點(diǎn)事。Could/Would you please? 你可以嗎？B. 答復(fù)請(qǐng)求 同意Sure./Certainly./Of course. / By all means./Yes, do please. 當(dāng)然可以。Help yourself. 請(qǐng)便。 回絕Im afraid 我恐怕Im sorry

14、, but I have something else to do. 對(duì)不起，我有其它事要做。Im sorry you cant. /Youd better not. 很抱歉，不行。/你最好別這樣。例題講解1) Could I borrow your car for a few days? . A. Yes, you may borrow. B. Yes, go on. C. Sure, here you are. Enjoy your journey. D. It doesnt matter.2) I wonder if I could use your computer tonight?

15、Im not using it right now. A. Sure, go ahead. B. I dont know. C. It doesnt matter. D. Who cares? 答案：C。答案：A。A. 提出請(qǐng)求 Do you mind if I do sth.? Would you mind if I do sth.? Do you mind my doing sth.? 你是否介意我？B. 答復(fù)請(qǐng)求 不介意 No, I dont mind./ Of course not./ Not at all. 不介意。/當(dāng)然不介意。/一點(diǎn)也不介意。 Please do./ Go ahe

16、ad, please./OK. 行，做吧。 介意 Yes, I do. 我介意。 Im sorry. Youd better not. 對(duì)不起，你最好別這樣。例題講解1 Would you mind changing seats with me? _ A. Yes, you can. B. Of course, I like to. C. No, I dont mind. D. Certainly, please do.答案：C。2 Do you mind my smoking here? _ A. No, thanks.B. Yes, I do. C. Yes, Id rather not.

17、 D. Good idea.答案：B。3 Do you mind if I read the newspaper on the table? _. A. Good news for youB. Go ahead, please C. Yes, sureD. No, I cant答案：B。5、提供幫助與應(yīng)答A. 提供幫助Can I help you? / What can I do for you? (有什么可以為您效勞嗎？)Let me do it for you. (讓我?guī)湍霭伞?Would you like me to help you with .? (我能幫您做嗎？)Do you n

18、eed me to do it for you? (您需要我?guī)椭鲞@件事嗎？)B. 應(yīng)答 接受幫助Thanks. That would be nice./ Its so nice of you. (多謝，那太好了。)Thank you for your help. (感謝你的幫助。)Yes, please. Thank you. (是的，請(qǐng)。謝謝。) 禮貌地回絕No, thanks./ Thats OK. I can manage it myself. (謝謝，不用了。我能處理。)例題講解1 This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs. _ A

19、. You may ask for help.B. Let me give you a hand. C. Please do me a favor.D. Id come to help.2 Can I help you with your suitcase? A. Thats OK. I can manage it. B. Its not very light. C. I can help you with it. D. Put it down on the ground.答案：B。答案：A。 6、祝愿、祝賀與應(yīng)答祝愿A. 表達(dá)祝愿Good luck! 祝你好運(yùn)！Best wishes to

20、you! 致以良好祝愿！Have a good time. 祝你玩得愉快！Wish you success. 祝你成功!Have a nice trip. 旅途愉快！B. 答復(fù)Thank you. The same to you. /You too. 謝謝！你也一樣。祝賀A. 表達(dá)祝賀Congratulations! 恭喜！Happy New Year! 新年快樂！Merry Christmas! 圣誕快樂！Happy Birthday! 生日快樂！B. 答復(fù) Thank you. 謝謝。例題講解1 I was worried about my maths, but Mr. Brown gav

21、e me an A. _ A. Dont worry about it. B. Congratulations! Thats a difficult course. C. Mr. Brown is very good. D. Good luck to you!2 Tomorrow is my birthday. _ A. Oh, I have no idea. B. Im glad you like it. C. Many happy returns of the day! D. You must be very happy.答案：B。答案：C。7、抱歉與應(yīng)答A. 表達(dá)歉意Im sorry t

22、hat (抱歉)Excuse me for my interruption. (抱歉我打攪一下。)B. 應(yīng)答 Thats all right. / Thats OK. Never mind. / It doesnt matter. (沒關(guān)系。)例題講解 Oh, sorry to bother you. _ A. Thats Okay.B. No, you cant.C. Thats good. D. Oh, I dont know.答案：A。8、邀請(qǐng)與應(yīng)答A. 提出邀請(qǐng)Would you like to come to .? (你想來(lái)參加嗎?)Id like to invite you to

23、(我想邀請(qǐng)你)B. 答復(fù)邀請(qǐng)同意Yes. / Thank you, Id love to. (謝謝，我愿意去。)Yes, its very kind of you. (愿意，你太好了。) That would be very nice. (那太好了。) 回絕Sorry, I (抱歉，我)Id like to but/ Id love to but(我很愿意去，但是)Im afraid Im busy. (恐怕我有事。)例題講解 Can you go to the concert with us this evening? _ A. No, I already have plans. B. Id

24、 love to, but Im busy tonight. C. No, I really dont like being with you. D. Im ill, so I shouldnt go out.答案：B。9、表示個(gè)人意見I think you should do that. (我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該做那件事。)I believe he is right. (我相信他是對(duì)的。)Yes, I think so. (是的，我也這樣認(rèn)為。)I agree (with you). (我同意你的看法。)I cant agree with you more. (我非常同意。)No, I dont th

25、ink so. (我不這樣認(rèn)為。)I cant agree with you. (我不同意你的看法。)Im sure. /Im not sure. (我確定。/我不確定。)Maybe / Perhaps (或許)I likevery much. (我很喜歡)I dont like (hate) (我不喜歡/討厭)So do I. / Neither do I. (我也/我也不)例題講解1) Is it possible for you to work late tonight? _ A. I like it.B. Ill do that. C. Id love to.D. I think so

26、.2) I dont like the sports programs on Sundays. _ A. So do I. B. Neither do I. C. So am I. D. Neither am I. 答案：D。答案：B。10、表示心情和態(tài)度Really?/ Is that so? 真的？Im really tired. 我可真累了。Oh dear! / Good heavens! 哎呀！/天哪!Thats nice /wonderful/ great! 真好!例題講解1You know, I have three kids now. _ A. Well, Ive grown a

27、 mustache. B. Thats terrific! C. Say, youve really changed your hair. D. Well, I gave up drinking.答案：B。2 Tom said that his boy fell off the tree. . A. Oh dear! I hope he wasnt hurt B. Oh, no. A lucky boy C. He might have broken his arm D. Nothing serious 答案：A。二 日常情景對(duì)話1、約會(huì)Id like to make an appointme

28、nt (with ) 我想跟預(yù)約Id like to meet you on Monday. 我想周一與您會(huì)面。How about Wednesday afternoon? 周三下午怎么樣？例題講解 Good morning, Prof. Qins office. Can I help you? .A. Youre welcomeB. Id like to make an appointment, pleaseC. Yes, go aheadD. Yes, you can答案：B。2、打 Hello! May/Could/Can I speak to ? (你好！請(qǐng)找接 好嗎?)This is

29、 (speaking). Speaking. (我就是，請(qǐng)講。)Who is that (speaking)? (你是哪位?)Hold on, please. /One moment. Ill get him/her. (請(qǐng)稍等，我去叫他/她。)Sorry, he isnt here. (對(duì)不起，他不在。)Can I take a message for you? (我能替你捎個(gè)話嗎?)Im afraid youve got the wrong number. (我想你撥錯(cuò)號(hào)碼了。)例題講解 Could I speak to Don Watkins, please? _ A. Im liste

30、ning. B. Oh, how are you? C. Speaking, please. D. Im Don.答案：C。3、問路Excuse me, could you please tell me the way to ?Excuse me, where is / how can I get to? 打攪一下，請(qǐng)問去怎么走呢？Go up (down) the street. 順著街道往上/下走。Turn left/right. 向左/右轉(zhuǎn)。Go straight until you see 往前直走直到你看見Its on the right (left) corner just ahea

31、d. 在前面右邊/左邊轉(zhuǎn)角處。Sorry, I dont know. 對(duì)不起，我不知道。Sorry, Im a stranger here. 對(duì)不起，我不熟悉這里。 2 Are there any drug-stores around here? _ A. Yes, there is one on the left corner. B. Yes, it is. C. No, it isnt.D. Youre welcome.例題講解1 Excuse me, but can you tell me the way to the post office? _ A. Dont ask that. B

32、. Sorry, Im a stranger here. C. No, I cant say that. D. No, youre driving too fast.答案：B。答案：A。4、詢問事物Is this seat taken? 這座有人嗎？Who is the man over there? 那邊的男人是誰(shuí)？When are you leaving for Beijing? 你什么時(shí)候去北京？How long does it take to get here? 到這要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？How often do you play basketball? 你多久打一次籃球？How many st

33、udents are there in your class? 你班有多少名學(xué)生？例題講解1 Paul, ? Oh, thats my father! And beside him, my mother. A. what is the person over there B. whos talking over there C. what are they doing D. which is that答案：B。2 How often do you go dancing? _ A. I will go dancing tomorrow. B. Yesterday. C. Every other

34、day. D. Ive been dancing for a year.3 Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water? _ A. Id rather stay here if you dont mind. B. Sorry, I dont like neither. C. Certainly, why not? D. Yes, we like these two places.答案：C。 答案：A。4 Must I take a taxi? No, you . You can take my car. A. h

35、ad better to B. dont C. must not D. dont have to解析：Must表示“必須、必要。在答復(fù)must引出的問句時(shí)，肯定答復(fù)為：Yes, you must.Yes, I am afraid you must. 否認(rèn)答復(fù)為：No, you neednt.No, you dont have to.No, you dont need to.I dont think you need.I dont think you have to. 因此選D。5、天氣How is the weather today？/ Whats the weather like today

36、? (今天天氣怎么樣?)How is the weather in Shanghai? (上海的天氣怎么樣？)Its rather warm/hot/cold/rainy/cloudy/windy. (非常溫暖/熱/冷/下雨/多云/有風(fēng)。)例題講解 Whats the weather like in your hometown? . A. Its a nice place B. I like the food there C. He asks me whether I like the weather D. Its cold in winter and hot in summer答案：D。6、

37、交通The traffic is heavy. 交通很堵。Here comes a taxi. 來(lái)了一輛出租車。Which bus goes to ? 哪路公車到？Does the bus go to ? 這路公車到嗎？Excuse me, where is the subway? 打攪一下，地鐵在哪？例題講解 Excuse me, which bus goes to the port? . A. The subway is over there B. You can take No. 102 bus C. It takes a long timeD. Its wonderful答案：B。7、

38、購(gòu)物Can/May I help you?/ What can I do for you? (你想買點(diǎn)什么?)I want . /Id like to buy . /I need (我想買)Thanks. Im just having a look. (謝謝，我只是看看。)例題講解 What can I do for you? _ A. I want a kilo of pears.B. You can do in your own way. C. Thanks.D. Excuse me. Im busy.答案：A。8、就餐What would you like (to have)?Would

39、 you like something (to eat/ to drink)? (您想吃點(diǎn)/喝點(diǎn)什么嗎?)Are you ready to order?(可以點(diǎn)餐了嗎?)Id like (我想要)How would you like your beef? (您的牛排想要幾分熟？)No, thanks. (不用，謝謝。)例題講解1 Please help yourself to the seafood. _ A. No, I cant. B. Sorry, I cant help. C. Well, seafood doesnt suit for. D. Thanks, but I dont l

40、ike the seafood.答案：D。2 Would you like to order now? _. A. Im full now B. Yes. Id like fish and soup C. But the price is high D. Its very kind of you 答案：B。9、旅游What/How about your trip/journey to? (旅行如何?)It went very well. / Its very interesting. (挺好的。/挺有趣的。)Do you need a single ticket or return ticke

41、t? (你要單程票還是往返票？)Id like to book a flight to Beijing. (我想訂一張去北京的機(jī)票。)May I cash some money? (我能兌換些錢嗎？)例題講解 How was your trip to London, Jane? _ A. Oh, wonderful indeed.B. I went there alone. C. The guide showed me the way.D. By plane and by bus.答案：A。10、健康Whats the matter/problem? (你哪兒不舒服?)I feel terri

42、ble. (我覺得不舒服。)Theres something wrong with my leg. (我腿出了的點(diǎn)問題。)Ive got a high temperature. (我發(fā)燒。)Nothing serious. (沒什么問題。)How many pills should I take? (我應(yīng)該吃多少片？)Take this medicine three times a day. (一天吃三次藥。)Just have a rest and drink more water. (注意休息，多喝水。)Do more exercise. (多做運(yùn)動(dòng)。)例題講解1) How are you

43、 feeling? Much better. _ A. Thanks for coming to see me. B. You look great. C. You are so kind. D. Dont mention it.2) Doctor, I dont feel well. _ A. You are fine. B. It doesnt matter. C. Whats the matter? D. Dont take it seriously.答案：A。答案：C。第二局部：閱讀理解 閱讀是包括2篇短文，10個(gè)小題，總共30分，這局部分值占了總分30%。 統(tǒng)考試題的閱讀局部中，問題

44、的考查題型可分為細(xì)節(jié)題、詞義題、主旨題、推理題、正誤判斷題和觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題，而其中細(xì)節(jié)題所占的比例最大。一、閱讀方法 首先，在解題前，應(yīng)先快速瀏覽文章后的問題，找出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，明確需要解決的問題，這樣閱讀的目的就很明確；然后帶著這些問題的關(guān)鍵詞句開始閱讀，并結(jié)合以下三種閱讀方法解不同的題型。略讀Skimming：是一種非常實(shí)用的快速閱讀技能，是指以盡可能快的閱讀速度，有選擇性地獲得文章大意與信息，某些局部可以不讀。略讀時(shí)，因?yàn)樗俣瓤欤斫馑铰缘褪穷A(yù)料中的事情，開始時(shí)平均理解率到達(dá)50%就可以了，在經(jīng)常的練習(xí)中會(huì)逐漸地提高。略讀可以運(yùn)用以下技巧： (1) 以一般閱讀速度，閱讀文章開頭的第一段和

45、結(jié)尾段，力求抓住文章大意、背景情況、作者的文章風(fēng)格、口吻或語(yǔ)氣等。(2) 閱讀段落的主題句和結(jié)論句。抓住主題句就掌握了段落大意，然后略去細(xì)節(jié)不讀，以求得略讀速度。(3) 注意轉(zhuǎn)折詞和序列詞。轉(zhuǎn)折詞如however, moreover, in addition等；序列詞firstly, secondly等。(4) 假設(shè)無(wú)需要，不必閱讀細(xì)節(jié)。查讀Scanning：也是一種快速閱讀技巧。熟練的讀者善于運(yùn)用查讀獲得具體信息，以提高閱讀效率。查讀通常是一種從大量的資料中迅速查找某一項(xiàng)具體事實(shí)或某一特定信息，如人物，事件，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，數(shù)字等，與所查信息無(wú)關(guān)的內(nèi)容可以一掠而過。運(yùn)用這種方法，讀者就能在最短的

46、時(shí)間內(nèi)掠過盡可能多的印刷材料，找到所需要的信息。這種方法主要用于做細(xì)節(jié)題。精讀Intensive reading：這種閱讀方式適于某些需要判斷或思考的問題。對(duì)于這種問題先要找到它在文章中的相關(guān)段落，然后逐句閱讀，特別是對(duì)與問題有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)鍵句要仔細(xì)推敲。二、閱讀題類型及相應(yīng)的應(yīng)答技巧一細(xì)節(jié)題：此類題大多數(shù)是針對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)的，主要考查對(duì)文章某些事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)的掌握，這類問題的答案一般都能在原文中找到，所以解題時(shí)可以采用查讀的方法。此類題的主要提問方式有：(1) When did this story happen?(2) Where did they find the man?(3) How

47、 many people were killed in the accident?二詞義題此類型題的常見命題方式有：(1) The phrase “ in the context means .(2) The word “ most nearly means .(3) Which of the following is closest to the word “ in paragraph 2?這要求考生具有根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法或上下文猜測(cè)詞匯或短語(yǔ)的能力。在做閱讀題時(shí)，考生不可能知道所有詞匯的意義，不可防止會(huì)遇到不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯或固定短語(yǔ)。只要生詞不多，考生通過提高自己的猜詞能力，同樣可以理解一個(gè)句子、一個(gè)

48、段落，乃至一篇文章的含義。三種猜詞技巧：1. 通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars, and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus (金星)、Mars (火星)、Jupiter (木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于“行星這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but, while, however等；

49、二是看與not搭配的或表示否認(rèn)意義的詞語(yǔ)，如：He is so homely，not as handsome as his brother. 根據(jù)not as handsome as . 我們不難推測(cè)出homely的意思，即“不英俊、相貌平庸的意思。 2. 通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來(lái)推測(cè)詞義例如：But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there is a dry period, called drought. 從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期，即drought，由此可見drought意

50、思為“旱災(zāi)。3. 通過描述猜詞描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對(duì)該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish. 從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。三主旨題：主要的目的是考查對(duì)文章的主題思

51、想以及作者的寫作意圖的理解能力。比方會(huì)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)以下提問形式：(1) Which of the following is the main point of the passage?(2) The author is primarily concerned with _.(3) What is the passage about? (4) The best title for this passage is _. 考生應(yīng)當(dāng)排除文中的次要觀點(diǎn)，歸納和總結(jié)其中的主要觀點(diǎn)或中心思想，或者根本目標(biāo)。最有效的方法是找出主題句(Topic sentence)。一篇文章通常都是圍繞一個(gè)中心意思展開的。而這個(gè)中

52、心意思往往由一個(gè)句子來(lái)概括。在一篇短文或一個(gè)段落中，大局部主題句的情況有三種：1主題句在段首或篇首。主題句在段首或篇首的情況相當(dāng)普遍。一般新聞報(bào)道、說明文、議論文大都采用先總述，后分述的敘事方法。2主題句在段末或篇末。用歸納法寫文章時(shí)，往往表述細(xì)節(jié)的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此結(jié)尾。這種位于段末或篇末的主題句往往是對(duì)前面細(xì)節(jié)的總結(jié)，歸納或結(jié)論。3無(wú)主題句 有時(shí)一篇文章里并沒有明顯的主題句。這時(shí)我們應(yīng)該怎樣來(lái)確定文章的主題或中心意思呢？其實(shí)這也不難。我們可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是圍繞一個(gè)中心來(lái)展開的，或者說是來(lái)說明一個(gè)問題的。這個(gè)中心或這個(gè)問題就是這篇文章的主題或

53、中心意思。四推理題：這類題目考查學(xué)生理解上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系并根據(jù)所讀材料進(jìn)行一定的判斷，推理和引申的能力。此類型題的常見命題方式有：1The passage implies that _.2It can be inferred from the passage that _.3Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?它要求考生能推斷話語(yǔ)中深層含義或弦外之音。因此考生要學(xué)會(huì)理解作者的內(nèi)涵和反義，或者作者選用某一詞語(yǔ)的比喻用法。五正誤判斷題解答判斷題時(shí)首先要找出問題或選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，然后略讀文章，找出這些詞所在的位置，再詳細(xì)

54、讀這些句子。此類型題的常見命題方式有：(1) Which of the following is right?(2) Which of the following is NOT mentioned?(3) Which of the following is NOT True in the passage?六觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題：(1) Whats the authors attitude towards .?(2) Whats the authors opinion about .? 這不僅用來(lái)測(cè)試考生如何應(yīng)用作者思想的能力，而且檢驗(yàn)考生識(shí)別事理關(guān)系能力，文中必有充分論據(jù)支持作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和信仰等。

55、三、例題講解 Passage 1 When John and Victoria Falls arrived in New York City for one-year stay, they did not bring many things with them. They had planned either to live in a furnished apartment or to buy used furniture. But they soon learned about a new system that more and more people are using. The ren

56、ting of home furnishings (bed, tables, dishes, and so on) has become one of Americas fastest growing business. What kinds of people rent their home furnishings instead of buying them? People who are international business or government officials, foreign students, airline workers, young married coup

57、lespeople whose job or business may force them to move frequently from one city to another. They save a lot of trouble and the cost of moving their furniture each time. They simply rent new furniture when they reach their new homes. Young people with little money do not want to buy cheap furniture t

58、hat they may soon dislike. They prefer to wait until they have enough money to buy furniture they really like. Meanwhile, they find they can rent better quality furniture than they could afford to buy. One family, who now have a large, beautiful home of their own, liked their rented furniture so muc

59、h that they decided to keep renting it instead of buying new things. But usually people dont like to tell others about it. The idea of renting home furnishings is still quite new, and they are not sure what their neighbors might think.1. Which of the following has become one of Americas fastest grow

60、ing businesses? A. Selling home furnishings. B. Renting furnished apartments. C. Selling used furniture. D. Renting home furnishings.2. Why do some people prefer to rent furniture? A. Because the furniture they get in this way is new. B. Because it saves them a lot of money. C. Because it saves them