英語語法種時(shí)態(tài)介紹PPT課件

1、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般一般進(jìn)行進(jìn)行完成完成完成進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過去過去將來將來過去將來過去將來時(shí)式第1頁/共33頁動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般一般進(jìn)行進(jìn)行完成完成完成進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 do / doesam / is / are doinghave / has donehave / has been doing過去過去 didwere / was doinghad donehad been doing將來將來will / shall do will be doingwill have donewill have been doing過去將來過去將來 would dow o ul d b e doingwou

2、ld have donewould have been doing時(shí)式第2頁/共33頁1)describesthingsthathappenonaregularbasis,oftenusedwithadverbsoffrequency時(shí)間狀語：every,sometimes,at,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.Hecyclestoworkeveryday.2)describespermanentsituationsTheearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.Waterboi

3、lsat100Centigrade.3）describesfixedeventsinthefutureTheplanetakesoffat9:00tomorrowmorning.第3頁/共33頁4)表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必?cái)　４擞梅ㄈ绻霈F(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.5)現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。Idontwantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.NowIputthesuga

4、rinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如：Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況。6）祈使句中（togivedirectionsorinstructions)Godownthestreet,andthentakethesecondturningontheleft.第4頁/共33頁1）下列動(dòng)詞：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將

5、來。這主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情(timetabledorfixedevents)。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsintenminutes.2）倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.3)Itwillbe+(aperiodoftime)+before+(thepresentsimpletense).Itwillbeayearbeforewetakepartinth

6、euniversityentranceexaminations.第5頁/共33頁4）在時(shí)間或條件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. cf. I dont know when Bill will come. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will

7、be pleased.如果你愿意接受并參加我們的舞會(huì)，我的家人會(huì)非常高興。 Ill appreciate it if you will do me a favour.5）在動(dòng)詞hope, take care that, make sure that, see to it that 等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.第6頁/共33頁6 )在the morethe more句型中，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)取代將來時(shí)。 eg

8、:2. The harder you work, the more you will get.7 ) 主句為將來時(shí)， no matter what / who / which / when / whatever / whoever / whichever / whenever 從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) Whatever you say, I will not change my mind. No matter which you like, Ill give it to you.第7頁/共33頁1.表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。例如：Wearewaitingforyou.2.短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)

9、行的動(dòng)作(withinatemporaryperiod)，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如：Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.HeisnowlivinginShanghai.(Theactionistemporary.)cf.HelivesinShanghai.SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.Iamfeedingtheneighbourscatthisweekwhileshesinhospital.Idontreallyworkhere；Iamjusthelpingoutuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.第8頁/共33

10、頁3. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. 表示當(dāng)前的動(dòng)向與趨勢(shì) Technology is developing rapidly. Playing computer games is becoming more and more popular with young people.4. 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，但倒裝句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

11、 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.第9頁/共33頁 5. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。 You are always changing your mind. You are always doing well Hes always asking the same question.6.狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)后面接形容詞brave;careful;stupid;clever;foolish;polite;kind;shy等時(shí)，為主語所表現(xiàn)的非一般慣

12、性特點(diǎn)或故意的行為。eg:1.Youarebeingveryclevertoday.2.Heisbeingpolite.3.Mysonisbeingagoodboyatthemoment.第10頁/共33頁7.used to express arrangements in the futureWerespendingnextwinterinAustralia.ShesleavingforShanghaitomorrow.(oftenwithwordslikearrive,come,go,leave)第11頁/共33頁 The action is likely to continue after

13、 the time of speaking, but is likely to stop at some point. It is temporary. eg. Ill be with you in a minute . Im just finishing something in the kitchenImwritingtotellyouthat第12頁/共33頁如：have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continueIhavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongst

14、omysister.如：know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateIneedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.如：accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.Iacceptyouradvice.如：seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn

15、Youseemalittletired.第13頁/共33頁1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。Wheredidyougojustnow?IsawTominthestreetyesterday.IboughtthisTVsetinBeijinglastyear.2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.Healwayswenttoworkbybus.Heusedtoactlik

16、ethat.第14頁/共33頁3）用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示語氣委婉禮貌。（1）動(dòng)詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如：Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwantedtoaskyouaboutthat.Didyouwanttospeaktomenow?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.（2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,would，例如：Couldyoulendmeyourbike?4）用在條件句中表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)不符的虛擬語氣。IfIwereabird,IwouldflytoBeijing.Ifhewereherenow,wecouldt

17、urntohimforhelp.第15頁/共33頁Itistimeforsb.todosth“到時(shí)間了；該了”，例如：Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你該睡覺了。Itistimesb.didsth.“時(shí)間已遲了；早該了”，例如：Itistime你早該睡覺了。would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示“寧愿某人做某事”，例如：Idrather.Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since分句Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含義：她已不在人間。)Christineha

18、sbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)第16頁/共33頁usedto與wouldusedto-describeactionswhichhappenedregularlyinthepastbutno longer happenused to be - describes past states that have change

19、d Heusedtobeateacher. （） He would be a teacher.（）would-describeactionswhichhappenedregularlyinthepastbutnow happen with more or less frequencycf.be/getusedto-be/becomeaccustomedto第17頁/共33頁Sometimesthetimebecomesdefiniteasaresultofaquestionandanswerinthepresentperfecteg.1)-Wherehaveyoubeen?-Ivebeento

20、theopera.-Didyouenjoyit?2)-Ihaveboughtadictionary.-Wheredidyoubuyit?/Whendidyoubuyit?3)-Haveyouseenmystamps?-Yes.Isawthemonyourdeskaminuteago.第18頁/共33頁主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語從句中的運(yùn)用 Ididntknowyouwerehere.語境中的“剛剛，在過去”-Comeonin,Peter.Iwanttoshowyousomething.-Oh,howniceofyou.Ineverthoughtyouweregoingtobringmeagift.Y

21、ourphonenumberagain?Ididntquitecatchit.第19頁/共33頁1）概念：表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。3)常用的時(shí)間狀語有：thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while例句：Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.When

22、Igottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.第20頁/共33頁ShewaswatchingTVwhileherbrotherwaslisteningtotheradio.TheWhiteswerehavingdinnerwhentherewasaknockonthedoor.Iwaswonderingifyoucouldgivemealift. Iwashelpingmymotherinthekitchenalldayyesterday.Shewaswritingabooklastyear.ButIdontknowwhethershehasfinish

23、edit.cf.Shewroteabooklastyear.Ithassoldwell.第21頁/共33頁1)shall常用于第一人稱cf.Shallhecomein?(Doyouwanthimtocomein?)will可以用于各種人稱Hewillbeeighteennextmonth.2)begoingto+不定式，表示將來。a.主語的意圖，即將做某事或打算做某事(事先考慮好）。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth.c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事Lookatthedarkclouds;

24、itisgoingtorain.Sheisputtingonweight.Sheisgoingtobequitefat.3)be+不定式表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.第22頁/共33頁4)beaboutto+不定式，意為馬上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.beaboutto不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。5)bedoing-adefinitearrangementinthenearfutureImtakinganexaminOctober.(imp

25、lies:Ihaveenteredforit.)BobandBillaremeetingtonight.(implies:Theyhavearrangedit.)cf.begoingto-anexpressionofintentionImgoingtosellthecar.(Imyselfplantosellit.)Whenhefindsabuyer,hecansay:Imsellingthecar.第23頁/共33頁6)willbedoing-Itmerelystatesthatthisactionwillhappen.Itimpliesanactionwhichwilloccurinthe

26、normalcourseofevents.eg.IllbeseeingTomtomorrow.(perhapstheyworktogether)cf.ImseeingTomtomorrow.(ItimpliesthatTomandthespeakerhasdeliberatelyarrangedthemeeting.)IamgoingtoGuangzhou.I_Kate.(see)Doyouhavesomethingto_toher?(take)willbeseeingbetaken第24頁/共33頁 be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 則表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃

27、。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排) 祈使句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句 的句式中，常用一般將來時(shí)。 eg: Hurry up and you will get the last bus第25頁/共33頁 用于條件句時(shí)，be going to表將來，will表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possib

28、le. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 預(yù)見 Youll feel better after taking this medicine. 意圖 （說話時(shí)才考慮到的 ） -You forgot to turn the light off. - So I did. I will go and turn it off. 第26頁/共33頁 I in London for many years，but Ive never regretted

29、 my final decision to move back to China. （06重慶） A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived 第27頁/共33頁1)Mary_adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes答案C.割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。同時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。2)Asshe_thenewspaper,Granny_asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreadi

30、ng;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell答案B.句中的as=when,while，意為當(dāng)之時(shí)。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。句中的fell(fall的過去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fallsick。第28頁/共33頁1.Look!Howwonderfulmycaris!Oh,Jack.Whatareyouthinkingabout?Dontyoulikeit?ImsorryI_anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkitssmart.

31、A.wasntmakingB.dontmakeC.wontmakeD.didntmake2.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity_sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange3.He_quitewell,buthehasnthadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswimB.haveswumC.swamD.swims4.Jimmysaidthathewouldcom

32、etopickmeup,buthe_bynow.A.hasntturnedupB.doesntturnupC.wontturnupD.hadntturnedup第29頁/共33頁5. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus.A. catch B. had caught C. caught D. catching7. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking8. I really dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _.A. is B. does C. will be D. has been9. The