獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)_詳細(xì)整合講解材料（章節(jié)課程）

1、Independent Genitive獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)定義 構(gòu)成 特點(diǎn) 功能 4123習(xí)題 52向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋pWhat is independent genitive?This done, we went home.3向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p定義獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)首先它不是一個(gè)“句子”，做狀語(yǔ)。在英語(yǔ)中任何一個(gè)句子都要有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，沒(méi)有真正的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但又在邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂或主表關(guān)系。4向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)，在句中做狀語(yǔ)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。 名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞存在邏輯上的

2、主謂關(guān)系，即邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。5向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p獨(dú)立主格的構(gòu)成：There being+名詞 It being+名詞名詞/ 代詞+ 現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語(yǔ)With+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ) (with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))6向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的模式是：主格名詞/代詞 + 分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語(yǔ)(作邏輯主語(yǔ)） （作邏輯謂語(yǔ)） 7向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p現(xiàn)在分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)等。 The man lay there, his hands trembling. 那個(gè)男子躺在那兒，雙手在顫抖。So many s

3、tudents being absent, the meeting had to be put off. 主格名詞/代詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞8向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p過(guò)去分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作或所處的一種狀態(tài)。 The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. The question settled, we went home. All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. 各方面考慮起來(lái)，她的論文比你的論文更要有價(jià)值一些。 主格名詞/代詞 +

4、過(guò)去分詞9向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p不定式表示的是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。 He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month. 主格名詞/代詞 + 不定式10向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p【綜合比較三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)】1. 名詞或代詞+不定式其中的不定式通常表示尚未發(fā)生或即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 2. 名詞或代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞其中的現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行（或當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞不表示進(jìn)行，而表示一般情況的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。 3. 名詞

5、或代詞+過(guò)去分詞其中的過(guò)去分詞通常表示被動(dòng)意義或完成意義。 Their room was on the third floor, its window overlooking the sports ground. 他們的房間在三層樓上，窗戶(hù)俯視著操場(chǎng)。11向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋pThe manager looks worried，many things to settle. 經(jīng)理看上去很著急, 有這么多的事情要處理。（事情還沒(méi)有處理，而且是由經(jīng)理本人來(lái)處理，用不定式to settle） The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 許多事情已經(jīng)處理好了， 經(jīng)

6、理看上去很輕松。（事情已經(jīng)處理好了，用動(dòng)詞-ed形式settled表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束）【綜合比較三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)】12向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋pThe food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一邊做飯，一邊看電視。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行） The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 飯做好了，小孩去睡了。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先后，飯已做好，小孩才去睡覺(jué)的）【綜合比較三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)】13向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p形容詞（短語(yǔ)）說(shuō)明前面名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，原因等。 The floor wet and slippery, we had

7、to stay outside for a while. I heard that she got injured in the accident， my heart full of sorry. 主格名詞/代詞 + 形容詞（短語(yǔ)）14向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p副詞說(shuō)明前面名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)。 The meeting over, we all went home. Nobody in, he left a message on the board. He sat at the table, head down. 主格名詞/代詞 + 副詞15向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p主格名詞/代詞 +介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)說(shuō)明伴隨前面名詞或代詞的方式

8、或者狀態(tài)。 Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.The hunter entered the forest， gun in hand Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away. 16向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p主格名詞/代詞 +名詞名詞一般做前面名詞或代詞的同位語(yǔ)。 Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children. 許多人參加了這項(xiàng)工作，其中一些人是婦女和兒童。17向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋pThere b

9、eing +名詞 There being no buses, we had to walk home.相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示原因的狀語(yǔ)從句：=Because there are no buses, we had to walk home. 18向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p（三）“with/ without”引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)“介詞with/without +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)可以構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中常作伴隨狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)，也可作定語(yǔ)。上面討論過(guò)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況在此結(jié)構(gòu)中都能體現(xiàn)，即： with/without+名詞/代詞+形容詞 副詞 介詞短語(yǔ) 不定式 現(xiàn)在分詞 過(guò)去分詞 19向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋pThe teac

10、her came in with several students following behind. With the work done, he went out to eat. With a lot of things to deal with, he will have a difficult time. He left the office with the lights on. A woman got on the bus with a baby around her arms. Mary rushed out of the house with the door open. wi

11、th引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)20向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋pwith引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非?；钴S，雖然它在句子中只作狀語(yǔ)，但是可以表示伴隨、方式、原因、結(jié)果等各種復(fù)雜的情況。一、句法結(jié)構(gòu)1 with 名詞（代詞）介詞短語(yǔ)1）He sat there thinking, with hishead in his hand他雙手抱著頭，坐在那兒沉思。2）The old man stood there, with his back against the wall那位老人背倚著墻站在那里。3）Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door瑪麗*近火爐坐著

12、，背對(duì)著門(mén)。21向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p2 with 名詞（代詞）形容詞1）He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open他張大嘴巴凝視著他的朋友。2）The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery這人抬起頭來(lái)，眼里充滿了好奇。3）He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold他站在那兒瑟瑟發(fā)抖，臉都凍紅了。22向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p3 with 名詞（代詞）副詞1）With production up by 60, the compan

13、y has had other excellent year產(chǎn)量上升了60, 公司又是一個(gè)好年景。2）The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on這位愚蠢的皇帝一絲不掛地行進(jìn)在游行隊(duì)伍中。3）The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down這個(gè)淘氣的男孩低著頭站在老師面前。4）He put on his socks with the wrong side out他把襪子穿反了。23向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p4 with 名詞（代詞）名詞1）She used to si

14、t reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion她從前總愛(ài)在晚上坐著看書(shū)，她的寵物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。2）He died with his daughter yet a school girl去世的時(shí)候，女兒還是個(gè)中學(xué)生。24向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p5 with 名詞（代詞）現(xiàn)在分詞1）She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her她站在那兒跟朋友閑聊，孩子在旁邊玩。2）With you helping me whenever Im

15、in trouble, I feel very lucky無(wú)論我什么時(shí)候遇到困難你總是幫助我，我覺(jué)得自己真是太幸運(yùn)了。25向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p6 with 名詞（代詞）過(guò)去分詞1）I think we can leave with our heads held high.我認(rèn)為我們可以高昂著頭離開(kāi)。2)Theman left Japan with hisheart hurt這個(gè)人帶著受傷的心離開(kāi)了日本。3) He was punished with nothing finished.他什么都沒(méi)有完成，受到了懲罰。26向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p（三）“with/ without”引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)注意：在with/wit

16、hout 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，多數(shù)情況下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。 With his homework done, Peter went out to play.Without any game to play, the boy looked upset.His homework done, Peter went out to play.27向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p 從第9種結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出，此結(jié)構(gòu)就是介詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以起到不同的語(yǔ)法功能。例如：With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty in finding Mr. Gr

17、eens house.此句相當(dāng)于Because the boy led the way, we had no difficulty in finding Mr. Greens house.With Jim to help me with my English, I can do better in it. 此句相當(dāng)于If Jim helps me with my English, I can do better in it.He lives in a room with its window facing north. 此句相當(dāng)于He lives in a room whose window

18、faces north.Our school looks more beautiful with all the flowers coming out. 此句相當(dāng)于Our school looks more beautiful when all the flowers come out.With all the work done, he went for a holiday. 此句相當(dāng)于After all the work was done, he went for a holiday.28向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能 時(shí)間 條件 原因 伴隨 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句29向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p1. The

19、 work done，we went home. =After the work had been done, we went home. 工作完成后，我們就回家了。2. Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天來(lái)了，天氣越來(lái)越冷了。 一、作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)30向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋pThere being no taxis, we had to walk. =Since there was no taxis, we had to walk. 沒(méi)有出租車(chē)，我們只好步行。二、作原因狀語(yǔ)31向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p1. The condition being favorable, he

20、 may succeed. = If the condition is favorable, he may succeed.若條件有利，他或許能成功。2. Weather permitting, they will go to the park tomorrow. =If weather permits, they will go to the park tomorrow. 三、作條件狀語(yǔ)32向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋pHe was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head.=He was lying on the grass, and his hands were crossed under his head.他躺在草地上，兩手交叉枕在腦后。 四、作伴隨狀語(yǔ)33向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋pWe redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.=we redoubled our efforts, and then each man works like two. 我們加倍努力，一個(gè)人干兩個(gè)人的活。五、表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明34向陽(yáng)書(shū)屋p2.The weather _ so bad, we had to put off the fo