如何運用寫作技巧

1、. 如何運用寫作技巧大學(xué)英語四級考試中的短文寫作局部是考核學(xué)生用英語進(jìn)展書面表達(dá)的能力，也就是說考核學(xué)生駕馭語言的能力。文章是有段落組成的，段落是有句子組成的，對各式句型的使用均衡處理，從而可改善句子的語流節(jié)奏，提高文章的可讀性。一 平行構(gòu)造的運用平行構(gòu)造作為一種使句子變得緊湊而錯落有致的寫作方式，有以下成效：句式優(yōu)美、表達(dá)清晰、重點突出，使用盡可能少的詞傳達(dá)盡可能多的信息。例如：主題句為Video games are a kind of entertainment. 利用平行構(gòu)造拓展為：They bring pleasures to youngsters, train them to res

2、pond quickly, stimulate their imagination in electronics. 不難看出，此處容豐富具體，行文流暢，有極強(qiáng)的說服力。二 句式靈活多變的運用如果文中的簡單句出現(xiàn)的太多，就會顯得單調(diào)、不生動。要寫出生動而鮮明的句子，可通過嵌入方式來實現(xiàn)。一個簡單句，嵌入定語，狀語，補(bǔ)語后就會變得生動有趣。如：Book telling people how to adapt themselves to the society are worth reading. 這句話讀起來就比Books are worth reading更耐人尋味。再如：Harry stood

3、 at the edge of the path, watching the cars running. 這是一個簡單句后附上了伴隨狀語，使句子更加生動。在拓展主題句時，注意適時地變換句式，是一種有效的寫作策略，同時能使文章產(chǎn)生想不到的文學(xué)效果。現(xiàn)在介紹幾種句式變化的類型：改變句子開頭許多學(xué)生在寫作中傾向于用與人有關(guān)系的詞，如名詞或代詞作為句子的開頭。這種開頭見多了，難免讓人厭倦。如果換成其他句子成分開頭，如狀語，同位語，表語，賓語，短語修飾詞等，即能把想強(qiáng)調(diào)的意思突出出來，又能文章寫得生動活潑。例如：It is a fact of life that the development of s

4、cience and technology has been acpanied by a decline in traditional culture.巧用連接詞有的學(xué)生在作文中使用過多簡單句，成了簡單句堆砌；有的寫復(fù)雜句時，用了很多so, and, then, but, or, however, yet等詞，非但達(dá)不到豐富表達(dá)方式的目的，反而使句子構(gòu)造松散，呆板。為了防止這種現(xiàn)象，可以通過使用連接詞，尤其是一些表示附屬關(guān)系的連接詞，如： who, which, that, because, since, although, after, as, before, when, whenever,

5、 if , unless, as if 等。不僅能夠豐富句型，而且還能夠把思想表達(dá)得更清楚，意義更連貫。例如：Lanterns are now designed with modern technology and materials to make them more attractive, and they are powered by electricity, which is safer than candles. 該段使用關(guān)系代詞 “which，使句子語義更連貫，語言更流暢。長、短句交插 長句和短句是就句子的字?jǐn)?shù)多少，形體長短而言的。長句和短句各有其優(yōu)點和缺點。長句構(gòu)造因為使用的定語

6、，狀語較多，限制了概念的外延，增大了概念的涵，所以比擬準(zhǔn)確，嚴(yán)密，但使用起來不夠靈活簡單。短句由于字?jǐn)?shù)少，直截了當(dāng)，一般比擬簡潔，明快，有力，但不利于表達(dá)復(fù)雜的語義容。在具體語言活動中，最好長句和短句交替使用，這既表達(dá)了節(jié)奏上的要求，也是語義上的需要。例如：Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we make our cities greener. Green trees line the streets. A clean river winds through the city, in which a lot of fishes abound.

7、 On the one side stand rows of willow trees. On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers. 這段文字，一長一短，抑揚頓挫，節(jié)奏感很強(qiáng)，不僅句子長短交織，而且句型構(gòu)造變化很大，使文章自然流暢，生動活潑。利用倒裝構(gòu)造英語的根本句型是主語+謂語動詞+賓語，如果偶爾打破常規(guī)，改變*一成分的位置，不僅可以豐富句型，而且能夠強(qiáng)調(diào)和突出被倒裝的局部，到達(dá)意想不到的表達(dá)效果。例如：Faith in the Chinese econom

8、ic reforms the majority of people will never lose.總之，英語的句式是多種多樣的，只要能從要表達(dá)的容出發(fā)合理選用，文章的句式就會富于變化。同時，在學(xué)習(xí)寫作的過程中，學(xué)生應(yīng)不斷練習(xí)構(gòu)造各種各樣的句式，以提高語言表達(dá)能力。三 句子擴(kuò)展方法的運用Tea.e to tea.e to tea with mee to tea with me by the seaIf you are free, e to tea with me by the sea, please通過一個詞或者詞組進(jìn)展擴(kuò)展句子，知道表達(dá)清楚，構(gòu)造完整了為止，例如從一個單詞tea開場，最后擴(kuò)展

9、到句子If you are free, e to tea with me by the sea, please. 我們通常也把這種句子擴(kuò)展稱作金字塔擴(kuò)展句子法。擴(kuò)展的方法有定義法，從句法，同位法和分句短語引導(dǎo)4鐘。定義法Downsizing the laying off thousands of workers to keep e*penses low and profits high creates feeling of insecurity for many.從句法包括各種從句，如主語，狀語，賓語，定語等從句類型。Once shunned by the international spor

10、ting munity because of its policy of apartheid, South Africa yesterday became the first African nation chosen to play host to soccers World Cup.同位語Nelson Mandela, the 85-year-old former president of South Africa whose 27 years of imprisonment provided the moral force behind the dismantling of aparth

11、eid and the emergence of democracy, held the World Cup trophy aloft at a news conference in Zurich and said that he felt “l(fā)ike a young man of 50.分詞短語引導(dǎo)The family of Nicholas E. Berg challenged American military officials on Wednesday, insisting that the man beheaded by Islamic terrorists in Iraq had

12、 earlier been in the custody of federal officials who should have done more to protect him.學(xué)生習(xí)作摘錄 Water shortage is a serious problem.Water shortage water demand far beyond water supply is a serious problem.Water shortage water demand far beyond water supply is a serious problem, which has attracted

13、 worldwide attention.Recently, more and more people have e to realize that water shortage is a serious problem, and we should deal with it immediately.Li Ming is playing football.Li Ming, the boy in white football clothes and red hat, is playing football with his classmates.It is a fine June day, Li

14、 Ming, the boy in white football clothes and red hat, is playing football with his classmate.Its a fine June day, Li Ming, the boy in white football clothes and red hat, is playing football with his classmate in the park, with sweat dropping down from is face. 四 連接詞的運用準(zhǔn)確地使用一些連接詞，總能讓松散的拓展句自然地銜接起來，而且整

15、個段落層次清楚，前后連貫。舉例說明連接詞for instance, as an illustration, for e*ample, namely, as a case in point, that is an e*ample, such as, such, like, ne*t, thus, as another illustration, specifically, to prove, to be e*amples of, to show, to illustrate, etc. 補(bǔ)充連接詞in addition，furthermore, first, second , in the se

16、cond place, ne*t, beyond that, for one thing, another, to begin with, also, moreover, then, finally, in the first place, initially, what is more, eventually, to start with, first of all, etc.因果連接詞because, because of, as, since, for, owing to, consequently, accordingly, so, therefore, due to, on acco

17、unt of, thanks to, by virtue of, as a result of, for the reason, otherwise, etc.總結(jié)連接詞to conclude, in my opinion, in brief, generally speaking, as a general rule, on a large scale, to take the idea further, in a sense, in a way, undoubtedly, on the whole, as far as I am concerned, at the risk of, sou

18、nding too direct, simplistically speaking, in some case, in short, traditionally, in my view, in a word, briefly, generally, in general, at a local level, to take the above opinion to an e*treme, in one sense, to some e*tent, as for me, in summary, in terms of, practically speaking, to sum up, obviously, etc.比擬、比照連接詞 in the same way, similarly, equally, too, likewise, like, both and , the same as, in mon, in a dissimilar way, instead, on the contrary, rather than, on the one hand, in sharp contrast, unlike, yet