Book5_U2_重點詞匯講解 (3)

1、Book 5_U2_資源庫_詞匯第 PAGE 9 頁 共 NUMPAGES 9 頁 DATE yyyy-M-d 2010-12-20重點詞匯講解1. survival n. 存在，幸存 survivor n. 生存者1) The survival of the fittest is the law of nature. 適者生存是自然法則。2) He is the only survival in the air crash.他是空難的唯一幸存者。survive v. 活著，繼續(xù)存在；比活得長；從困境中活過來或挺過來3) Few survived after the flood.洪水后生還者很

2、少。4) The custom sstill survives.這種風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣還保存著。5) He survived his wife for many years.他比她妻子多活好多年。6) The house survived the storm.經(jīng)過暴風(fēng)雨的襲擊，著所房屋并未倒塌2. in addition 加上，又，另外 In addition, I have one more suggestion to make.另外，我還有個建議要提。 In addition to the tips mentioned above, students should pay attention to

3、one more tip.除了上所提到的注意事項，學(xué)生們還得注意一點。 an addition to the class 一名班里新加的同學(xué)additional 多余的； 額外的4) The government is providing an additional 1 million yuan to carry out the experiment. 政府額外提供一百萬元進行試驗。3. wipe out 掃除，清除掉，購銷（債務(wù)），消滅，毀滅1) We should call on the people to wipe out flies, mice and so on.我們應(yīng)該號召人民消滅

4、蒼蠅、老鼠等。2) It was wiped out from his memory.這件事從他的記憶中消失了。拓展：wipe off dirt擦去灰塵3) The rain then falling wiped away all the footprints.當時正下著雨，把所有的足跡都沖掉了。4. laylaidlaid(1) 產(chǎn)；下1) This kind of birds lay their eggs in other birds nests這種鳥把自己的蛋下在別的鳥的巢里。2) This is the season when fish lay eggs, therefore fish

5、ing is forbidden.這是個魚產(chǎn)卵的季節(jié)，因而禁止捕魚。(2)放；擱，鋪設(shè)3) You should not lay your new suit on the bed你不該把你的新西裝放在床上。.4) Youd better put the problem aside and think about it later.你最好把這個問題放一放，過一會兒再思考。 5) The workers are laying the cable.工人們在鋪設(shè)電纜。(3)擺放to lay the table 擺放餐具準備用餐。注意：lieliedliedlying 說謊 lielaylainlyin

6、g 躺 laylaidlaidlaying 放置，擱，產(chǎn)卵5. run (1)跑1) Luis can run as fast as a horse. 劉易斯跑得象馬一樣快。(2)經(jīng)營2) He is learning how to run a business.他正在學(xué)如何經(jīng)營事業(yè)。(3)開設(shè)3) The school runs courses for those who want to improve their English.學(xué)校為那些想提高英語的人開設(shè)課程。(4)開動，運轉(zhuǎn)4) Who can run this machine?誰能開動這臺機器？5)Who had the machi

7、ne running the whole night yesterday?誰讓機器昨天開一夜？(5)延伸6) This road runs as far as the river. 這條路一直通到河。(6)流；淌7) Tears ran down her face after she heard the moving story. 聽了那動人的故事，淚水沿著臉流下。running water 自來水6. be concerned about(for, over)對關(guān)心1) We are all concerned about her safety.我們都很關(guān)心她的安全。2) She was m

8、uch concerned over the living conditions of the refugees.她很關(guān)心難民的生活情況。concerned 形容詞，意思是“和有關(guān)”3) We shall have to consult the other countries concerned.我們得和其他有關(guān)國家磋商。4) This was good news to everyone concerned.這對每一個有關(guān)的人來說都是好消息。concerning prep. 介詞，通常用于比較正式的場合，意思是“關(guān)于”5) I wrote to the head of the company

9、concerning a business arrangement.我就一項業(yè)務(wù)安排問題寫信給該公司經(jīng)理。as far as be concerned 就而言6) As far as Im concerned, I cannot object to your marriage.就我個人而言，我不反對你們結(jié)婚。7. Figure數(shù)字1) Dont just look at the figures, look at the quality of work, too.不要只看數(shù)字，還要看工作質(zhì)量。(1)figure 圖形，人物square figure 方形historical figure 歷史人

10、物(2)figure out弄懂，弄明白，想出辦法Ill figure out what to do next. 我來看看下一部怎么辦。8. run out of 用完了We have run out of milk and bread. 我們沒有牛奶和面包了。run for 競選She run for mayor three times.她三次競選市長。run across 偶遇run after追趕，追逐I ran across my teacher at the hall. 我在大廳里遇到了老師。9. eco-環(huán)境的，生態(tài)的ecology 生態(tài)學(xué) ecological生態(tài)的 ecolog

11、ist生態(tài)學(xué)家 ecotype生態(tài)型 ecoearriers生態(tài)保護戰(zhàn)士 ecotourism生態(tài)旅游 ecotourist生態(tài)旅游者ecofriendly環(huán)保的 ecodevelopment 生態(tài)發(fā)展 ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)eco-activity 生態(tài)活動 ecocatastrophe生態(tài)災(zāi)難10. global adj. 全球的，全世界的 global issue 全球性問題 global village 地球村 global warming 全球變暖 globalize v. 全球化，全世界化 globalization n. the globalization of world

12、trade 世界貿(mào)易的全球化 globe n. 地球儀，地球，世界 tourists from every corner of the globe 來自世界各地的游人11. electric adj. 電的，用電的，帶電的 electric light/guitar 電燈/電吉他 electric razor 電動剃須刀 electric blanket 電熱毯 electrical adj. 電的，與電有關(guān)的，電氣科學(xué)的 electrical equipment 電器設(shè)備 electrical engineering 電機工程 electricity n. 電 electrician n.

13、電工12. customs n. 海關(guān)，報關(guān)手續(xù)，關(guān)稅1) It took us an hour to get through/pass the customs.我們花了一個小時的時間通過海關(guān)。2) I had to pay customs on this camera.我得為這部相機支付關(guān)稅。custom n. 風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，習(xí)俗3) Social customs vary greatly from country to country.各個國家的社會習(xí)俗有很大的差異。4) the custom of giving presents at Christmas 圣誕互贈禮物的習(xí)俗5) It is

14、the custom in that country for women to marry young.那個國家婦女早婚是一種風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。the Customs 海關(guān)a customs officer 海關(guān)人員customs duties 關(guān)稅14. The state of our parks is very shocking, with rubbish everywhere.公園里到處都是垃圾，令人震驚。Shock v.使震驚1) I was very much shocked at the sight. 這情景使我大為震驚。Shock n.沖擊，打擊，電擊2) It was a great

15、 shock for him when his wife died.他妻子的死對他上一個沉重的打擊。3) An electric shock can kill you. 電擊可致人于死地。相關(guān)短語：culture shock文化沖擊（休克）future shock未來沖擊（震撼）shocked 感到震驚 shocking令人震驚15. impress v. 給留下印象1) We interviewed a number of candidates but none of them impressed us.我們和數(shù)名申請人進行了面談，但沒給我們留下什么印象。2) He impressed he

16、r with his sincerity.他以自己的真誠給她留下了深刻的印象。impression n. 印象，感想3) My first impression of him was favourable.他給我的第一印象不錯。4) She gives the impression of being very busy.她給人的感覺總是很忙。 makeimpression on 給留下印象5) His trip to India made a strong impression on him.他的印度之行對他的振動很大。leave an impression on sb. 給某人留下印象。16

17、. decrease v. （使某物）變小或變少；減少； n. decrease ( in sth. ) 減少；降低1) Student numbers have decreased by 500.學(xué)生人數(shù)減少了500。2) The membership decreased to 150.會員數(shù)減少到150。3) Interest in the sport is decreasing.人民對這項運動項目的興趣已逐漸淡薄。4) There has been a decrease in population.人口數(shù)已有下降。反義詞；increase5) Tourists have increase

18、d in number.旅游者的人數(shù)增加了。6) Increase in population caused a shortage of food.人口的增加導(dǎo)致了糧食的不足17. measure v. 量度，測量；n. 量器；尺度，標準；措施，辦法；1) The tailor measured me (up) for a suit. 裁縫給我量尺寸做衣服。2) This room measures 6 meters by 4.這個房間6米長，4米寬。3) They took strong measures against reckless drivers.他們對于鹵莽的駕駛員采取了強硬的手段

19、。clothes made to measure 訂做的衣服 a tape measure 卷尺 18. stock n. 庫存物，存貨；adj.常備的；常用的，陳腐的；v. 儲備1) Have you any red shirts in stock?你們有紅色襯衣的的現(xiàn)貨嗎？2) As soon as they heard about possible food shortages, they began to stock up.他們一聽說食物可能短缺，就立刻儲備起來。3) We stock a lot of canned food in the basement.我們在地下室里儲存了大量的

20、罐頭食品。4) Stocks of the company are rising (falling)該公司的股票正在上漲（下跌）。the stock exchange 證券交易所19. pick out選出，揀出1) Here are sone magazines. You can pick out those you want.這里有一些雜志，你可挑出你想要的。pick up;拈起，學(xué)會，收聽到，搭載，康復(fù)2) She picked up the telephone on her desk and began to dial.她拿起桌上的電話開始撥號。3) The little girl p

21、icked herself up and went on playing.那小女孩自己爬起來玩。4) Young children soon pick up words they hear their elders use.小孩很快就學(xué)會了他們聽到大人們講的那些話。5) We picked up signals for help in the radio.我們在無線電里收到了呼救信號。6) The bus stopped to pick up passengers.公共汽車停下來讓乘客上車。7) She was ill for some time, but she is now picking

22、 up.她病了一陣子，不過現(xiàn)在正在康復(fù)。辨析：pick out, choose和selectpick out指“仔細挑選”，表示選擇時的小心謹慎；choose是一般性選擇，在明確兩 者之間選一個時，用select側(cè)重于從許多不同種類中進行挑選時的挑剔態(tài)度20. raise v. 舉起，提起，升起，提高，引起，激起，使產(chǎn)生或出現(xiàn)，養(yǎng)育，飼養(yǎng)1) She raised her eyes and stared at me. 她抬起眼睛盯著我。2) My salary was raised to 50000 yuan a year.我的薪水被增加到每年50000元。3) Please raise yo

23、ur hand. 請舉手。4) She raised the window and let in the fresh air.她把窗戶推上去，讓新鮮空氣進來。5) He raised his voice. 他提高聲音。6) I was raised by my aunt. 我由姑姑撫養(yǎng)長大。raise money 募捐 raise a question 提問題 raise cattle 養(yǎng)牛比較：raise vt. (raised/raised) 舉起，抬起 rise vi.( rose/risen) 上升，起立7) Prices have been raised up. 價格被提高了。8)

24、Prices rose gradually. 價格逐漸上漲。21. appreciate 贊賞，欣賞，感激1) I really appreciate your help. 我真的很感激你的幫助。2) Do you appreciate good wine? 你會鑒賞好酒嗎？練習(xí)一、詞匯拼寫1. The two sides had a fierce d_ before they reached an agreement.2. There are no factories in the area, so there is no i_ pollution.3. These measures are

25、 very b_, youd better take them.4. It is o_ that he knows nothing about what has happened, you may tell him now.In order to study the s_ in Russia, Marx began to learn Russian in his sixties.6. The_(環(huán)境)pollution here is very serious, which the government should not take no notice of.7. Frankly speak

26、ing, I did it out of my _(愿意).8. _(除了)remembering new words, we should do more reading aloud in the morning.9. I am glad to see many of you have made _(穩(wěn)定)progress this term.10.There are a variety of gases in the _(大氣).11. What Liu Xiang did at the Olympic Games excited the whole n_.12. Using the ri

27、ght hand to shake hands is a c_.13. They were talking across the garden f_.14. Because of the heavy rain the l_ of the lake has risen 6 inches.15. At what age does an elephant reach full g_?16. Too much work and too little rest often _(導(dǎo)致) to illness.17. You will _(危及) your health if you work so har

28、d.18. Plastics today contribute to a wide _(范圍) of industries.19. Thats just because you cant _(欣賞) music.20. The _(使用) of some English words are difficult to learn.21. Now its time _(自由發(fā)言),you may air your opinions freely.22. I am afraid we will have to stop at the gas station, we_ (用完) the oil.23.

29、 Which of the s_ of the four is true according the passage.24. We shall start upon the a_ of the last guest.25. Most students are working hard, some of them have already made r_ progress.26. His efforts finally _(導(dǎo)致結(jié)果) his great success.27. Some naughty boy cant _(集中)what the teachers say in class,

30、they are often absent-minded.28. As is known to all ,it is _(非法的) to hunt wildlife.29. Some animals have several _(胃).30. His army _(裝備)the weapons made in Germany . 31. Students are required to watch c_ when doing chemical experiment.32. He can earn money himself, he no longer needs to_(依靠) his par

31、ents.33. Now in the USA ,he has come to realize the _(重要性)of English.34. The area of land that is _(可耕的) is comparatively small.35. It is a s_ to cheat in the exams.二、用所給的動詞短語的適當形式填空A) 選擇正確的詞或短語填空voice, wipe out, live on, cut back on, expand, run, pay, tax, lay, approach1. Unlike tigers, deer _ gras

32、s.2. He works very hard, of course he _well3. We should _hares for they are destroying the plants.4. The old worker can not _this machine, made in Japan.5. Its your turn to _ your opinion.6. The products _ heavily _ when they are imported.7. Some countries have decided to _ the number of army.8. The

33、 company will _ its business by opening two more branches9. Autumn _, you may put on more clothes if necessary.10. The hen _-an egg a day for a long time.B) 用所給詞匯的適當形式填空1. The floor requires _ (wash).2. He could do nothing but _out for a walk alone (go).3. I have never heard a single word_ in French

34、 (speak).4. Not all children had a chance _to school at that time (go).5. The book _on the table doesnt belong to me (lie).6. They are practicing _ the new song (sing).7. I feel like _him what I think of him (tell).8. Wed better keep a secret of the things _here now (discuss).9. Hurry up! Mother is

35、sure to _us at home (wait for). 10. Do you think the situation _ (encourage)?11. The Giant Panda is known as the _ (nation) treasure of China.12. How can I get the _ (dirty) off the walls?13. You heard nothing _ (concern) this matter, did you?14. A good sleeping bag is an essential part of every cam

36、pers _ (equip).15. You should employ a variety of _ (technical) in the test.三、單項選擇1. Over one thousand people visited the exhibition _those who were present at the opening ceremony on the first day.A. except B. except forC. with the exception D. in addition to2. He tried to _the memory of his former

37、 girl friend.A. wiped out of B. wipe inC. wipe upD. wipe out3. The boy _on the ground _ to his father that the hen _ two egges that day.A. laying ;lied; laidB. lying; lied; laidC. lying; lay; liedD. lay; lied; laid4. The cup was full and the water in it was_. A. running overB. running outC. running

38、throughD. running gout of5. Its not necessary for you to be _about others business. A. concern B. concerning C. concerned D. concern yourself6. I cant _why she said so.A. figure out B. think overC. think of D. figure on7. Everyone wishes for _peace.A. globe B. globallyC. global D. the globe8. The li

39、ttle girl was frightened and stood _to her mother.A. closely B. closeC. to close D. closing 9. I got my first _when I found that only one graduate school would take a girl student in physics. I had never imagined that! A. band B. greetingC. reward D. shock10. Usually what the teacher says will leave a deep _a child. A. mark withB. impression onC. effect in D. imagination of11. We should pay attention to the voice of the _.A. country B. stateC. nat