第02講-語音知識(shí)+聽力測(cè)試 2022年初高中英語無縫銜接講義20講+精練（解析版）公開課

1、第02講 語音知識(shí)+聽力測(cè)試國(guó)際音標(biāo)一、語音知識(shí).英語共有48個(gè)音素，分為元音和輔音兩大類。元音有20個(gè)，分為單元音和 雙 元音。輔 音有28個(gè)，按聲帶振動(dòng)情況分為濁輔音和清輔音。英語音素中半元音音素是/w/和/j/,鼻 音是 /m/ /n/、/n/o26個(gè)字母中有5個(gè)元音字母，分別為:a, e, i, o, u ,音標(biāo)為ei i: ai eu Uu:o 一個(gè)半元音字母是y。元音字母在重讀開音節(jié)中發(fā)字母的名稱音，在重讀閉音節(jié)中發(fā) 短音。二、國(guó)際音標(biāo)兀音音標(biāo)元音音標(biāo)指發(fā)音時(shí)不受到發(fā)音器官的阻礙發(fā)出的聲音，國(guó)際音標(biāo)里，元音音標(biāo)共20個(gè)：元音（20個(gè)）單兀音前元音/i： / /i / Id中元音 /

2、3 ： /。/ /A /后元音 /u： /u/ / ： /0/ /a: /雙元音開合 雙元音 /ei /ai / i / /au / /au /集中 雙元音/i。/eg/ /u。/元音音標(biāo)中單元音按發(fā)音時(shí)舌頭位置的不同分為前元音、中元音和后元音，輔助音按發(fā)音時(shí) 口型的變化分為合口雙元音和集中雙元音，如上表所示。元音（20個(gè)）單元音長(zhǎng)元音 /i： / /u： /a：/ ：/3 ：/短元音/I / /u / /A / /D / 0Id/ae/雙元音合口雙元音/al / /el/ I/au /qu /集中雙元音/l。/e3 /u。/兀音音標(biāo)中單兀音按發(fā)音時(shí)音音長(zhǎng)短的不同分為長(zhǎng)兀音、短兀音，長(zhǎng)兀音音標(biāo)

3、符號(hào)包括 號(hào)，如上表所示。元音音標(biāo)表單元音：/i:/、 /i/、 /3 :、/、 / :/ /0/ /u:/、/u/、 /a:/、/a /、/e/【答案】c【原文】W: We do need to hurry up. Its already 2:30. The match is supposed to begin in 30 minutes.M: You must have been told the wrong time. I am sure the match begins at 4:00.What does the man like to drink?A. Tea.B. Coffee.C

4、. Water.【答案】C【原文】W: I prefer tea to coffee, but whenever we visit Harry, he always serves us coffee.M: I dont like coffee, either. All I really want is a glass of cold water.How did the speakers go to France?A. By train.B. By air.C. By car.【答案】B【原文】M: Here we are in France at last. What a journey! A

5、ir travel is more tiring than driving.W: You wouldnt have said that if you had driven a long way. Lets take the train next time.What does the woman want to borrow now?A. The dictionary.B. The eraser.C. The scissors.【答案】A【原文】W: Can you give me my eraser back, please? Id like to use it.M: Sure, here y

6、ou are.W: OK. And would you mind lending me your dictionary? Oh, and thanks for your scissors.Why does the woman call Jack?To ask him to close the window.To make a complaint.To get her notebook back.【答案】A【原文】W: Gee, its freezing here! Jack, would you mind closing the window?M: Hold on. Just let me f

7、inish this note first.What does the woman mean?Matt might see the strong mouse.Matt might know how to get more cheese.Matt might have eaten the cheese.【答案】c【原文】W: Thats funny. Tm sure theres some cheese left. There must be a strong mouse around our house that can open the fridge! Matt, what do you s

8、ay?M: Er. maybe there is one.How does the man probably feel now?A. Satisfied.B. Nervous.C. Disappointed.【答案】C【原文】M: You said you could play the drum well. Is that all? I have high hopes for you.W: Hmm. I was too nervous just now. Til do better next time. What was the womans worry in her dream?Failin

9、g to finish the homework.Being late for school.Her being laughed at.【答案】A【原文】W ： In my dream, I was covered with books, being worried about the deadline of handing in my homework.M： That means you have too much homework to do.Why does the woman want to design the school uniforms?A , To make money.To

10、 wear what they like.To satisfy the schooPs need.【答案】B【原文】W ： We should be allowed to design our school uniforms.M： Why do you think so?W ： We should decide what we like to wear.What does the man mean?The question is not very clear.The woman is late for class again.The paper cant be put off to hand

11、in.【答案】C【原文】W ： Professor, could I hand in my paper two days later? I want to add some fresh material to it.M： Im afraid thats out of the question.What dictionaries can be used by students?English-English dictionaries.English-Chinese dictionaries.Oxford English dictionaries.【答案】A【原文】W ： Students sho

12、uld be allowed to use dictionaries when writing a composition.M： Yes, but they should only use English-English dictionaries.What can we learn from the conversation?The students like school uniforms.The students want to wear their own clothes.The school rules will be changed soon.【答案】B【原文】W ： What sc

13、hool rules do you think should be changed?M： Well, I think we should be allowed to wear our own clothes.W ： Whats the reason?M： We would feel more comfortable and that is good for studying.What do we know about Peter?A. He isnt talkative.B. He studied very hard. C. He failed to get into college.【答案】

14、C 【原文】M: I think one cant achieve anything just by sitting there and talking about it.W: I cant agree with you more. Thats why Peter failed to get into college.M: Yes, Peter is talkative and he should be more hard-working. 二、長(zhǎng)對(duì)話聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。Why does the man thank the woman?A. She offered him a j

15、ob B. She told him information on a job.C. She helped him withthe interview.What does the woman advise the man to do?Go out to celebrate.【答案】31. B 32. ATake the job seriously.C. Rebuild his confidence.【原文】M: Hi, Linda!W: Hello, Jim! You look so happy! Whafs new?M: I got the job you told me about las

16、t week.W: Thats great! Congratulations!M: Thank you very much indeed. You helped me rebuild my confidence.W: Dont mention it. Youre always good. What about going out to celebrate?M: That would be great.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。Whafs the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Friends.B.Neighbors.C. Cus

17、tomer andwaitress.How will Bill and Mary go home?A.By bus.B.By taxi.C. By subway.【答案】33. A34. B【原文】M: Is it really 11:00? Where did the time go? Mary and I had such a wonderful dinner in your new home, but Im afraid weve missed the last bus.W: Do you want me to drive you home, Bill? Its no trouble.M

18、: No, thanks. I know you have to work tomorrow. We dont want you to be tired on your first day at work, Sue.Well call a taxi.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Husband and wife.B. Boss and secretary.What do the speakers plan to do?A. See Martin.B. Have a car f

19、ixed.When will the speakers go to a car shop?A. This Saturday.B. This Sunday.C. Salesman and customer.C. Buy a car.C. Next Sunday.【答案】35. A 36. C 37. A【原文】M: Why dont we get ourselves a new car, dear? The old one is falling apart.W: What a good idea! When shall we go and look?M: What about sometime

20、next week?W: No. I cant wait. Lets go this Saturday.M: OK.W: Where shall we go?M: Theres a car shop down the road. How about going there?W: No. I don9t like that place. They are always expensive. Why dont we try the shop Martin recommended?M: Fine, well do that.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。What is Bills attitud

21、e toward his exam result?A. Greatly excited.B. A bit dissatisfied.What does the woman suggest Bill do?A. Be hard on himself.B. Go out for dinner.How soon will the speakers leave home?A. In about 15 minutes.B. In about 30 minutes.C. Terribly disappointed.C. Go shopping with her.C. In about 45 minutes

22、.【答案】38. B 39. C 40. B【原文】M: Mom, we got our English test back today. I got second place in my class.W: Oh, Bill. Tm glad you did so well! Congratulations!M: Thanks, Mom. But it was not the result I had hoped for. I thought I would get first place.W: Well, Bill. What a relief! You worked hard for th

23、at test. Dont be so hard on yourself. Youd better learn to relax. Why not go to the mall with me tomorrow?M: OK, Mom. Now Im a little hungry. Whats for dinner?W: Were going to your grandparents? place fbr dinner by 8:00 tonight. Anyway, the whole family will be at the party. All your aunts, uncles,

24、and cousins are coming.M: I havent seen the whole family in a long time.W: Well, youll see them tonight. Now, hurry up and get ready.M: OK. When are we leaving? It9s 6:15 now.W: When your dad gets home from work. Hell arrive at 6:45.三、短文聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。What is Big Lots?A. A parking place.B. A big sto

25、re.What did the speaker find in the basket?A. A wallet.B. A mobile phone.What information did the speaker get about the woman?A , Her workplace.B. Her phone number.What did the woman offer to the speaker?A. A postcard.B. A job.C. A womans house.C. A letter.C , Her home address.C. A meal.【答案】41. B 42

26、. A 43. C 44. D【原文】M: Last Sunday, I drove to Big Lots to do some shopping. I found a wallet in a shopping basket. I didnt know who it belonged to and I needed to find it out. I opened the wallet and found nothing but a card with a womans name and a check with her address. I opened MapQuest on my mo

27、bile phone, and got the directions to her house.I then drove 15 miles to the womans house and knocked at the door. No one was home at that time, so I left a note with my phone number on it, letting her know that I had her wallet. She called me later that day. When I got to her house, she offered me

28、dinner and all the money in her wallet, but I didnt accept it. I told her that it was only the right thing to do.雙元音：/ei /、 /ai /、 / i /、 /au/、/ou/、 /i。/、 /e。、/u。/ 注意，元音也可以分為：1)長(zhǎng)元音：/a:/ / :/u:/ /i:/o:/2)短元音：/ A / /d / /o/ /i / /u/ /e/ /ae/10 對(duì)清濁輔音:清輔音：p t k f 0 s tr ts f tj 濁輔音：b d g v 口 z dr dz d其他

29、輔音:清輔音:h濁輔音：j20個(gè)元音音標(biāo)發(fā)音單詞例如/i： / sea, he, see, piece, ceiling/l / sit, build, miss, myth/e/ bed, desk, head/ae/ bad, land, bank, stamp (a 和 e 中間是連起來的)/a:/ car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt/D / hot, want/ :/ door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught/u:/ good, who, blue, soup,/u /

30、look, put, women, could/a / cup, come, blood, rough11)/3 :/ girl, work, serve, nurse0 cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday 雙元音8個(gè)如下：/ei / cake, they, play, eight, great/al / bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye/ou / phone, cold, boat, soul, grow/au / house, town17

31、)/0 1 / boy, oil/i g/ dear, idea, deer, here, fierce/e?/ pear, care, there, fair/u o/ tour, poor輔音音標(biāo)發(fā)音單詞例如/p/ pay,put,cup,open,panda/b/ bread,club,lab,rabbit,garbage/t/ talk,taxi,tell,kitty,night/d/ duck,deep,dog,card,bed/k/ key,cold ,card,desk,cup,cat/g/ eagle,egg,lag,dig,glass/f7 fish,finger,face,

32、floor,frog/v/ very,dove,ever,leave,invite/s/ sit,say,sky,face,bus/z/ zebra,zoo,zero,seize/J / ship,sheep,fish,clash,shirt/3 / visual,version,vision,leisure/d3 / jar,jam,July,angel,cage/0/ south,path,mouth,math,path/d/ they,those,other,teethe/ts/ cats,boats,meets,gifts/dz/ beds,cards,rides,friends/tr

33、/ trade,trill,metric,tree/dr/ drink,dress,dream,draw/h/ home,hello,hand,happy/r/ rain,read,red,grass/I/ line,like,alive,meal,pool/m/ mud,move,swim,smart,animal/n/ no,winner,ant,brain/ ink,bank,sing,spring,pink/w/ swan,with,what,white,work/j/ yak,youth,yell,billion,unit三、讀音方法在學(xué)習(xí)字母在單詞中的讀音時(shí)有三種方法：第一種：去尾

34、法，有九個(gè)，b、d c、p t v、z、j、ko比方:能根據(jù)讀音把b分成兩個(gè)音標(biāo) /b/i/,去尾顧名思義，就是把最后一個(gè)音去掉，第一個(gè)音，就是在單詞中的發(fā)音；第二種：掐頭法，有六個(gè)，f、1 m、n、s、Xo比方f能根據(jù)讀音把f分成兩個(gè)音標(biāo)/e/、/f/,把第一個(gè)音去掉就是在單詞中發(fā)音；第三種：比照法，就是把字母在單詞中的發(fā)音和在漢語拼音中的發(fā)音比照，有五個(gè):g、h、y、 w、ro我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這五個(gè)音和拼音中的音很相似，所以可以這樣記。拼讀規(guī)那么一、音節(jié)及音節(jié)的劃分.音節(jié)的定義：音節(jié)由音素組合而成。一個(gè)元音加上一個(gè)或幾個(gè)輔音即可構(gòu)成一個(gè)音節(jié)，一個(gè)元音也能構(gòu)成 一個(gè)音節(jié)。某些輔音也能與其他輔音

35、構(gòu)成音節(jié)。.音節(jié)構(gòu)成A:一個(gè)元音和一個(gè)或多個(gè)輔音可以構(gòu)成一個(gè)音節(jié)，如:be/bi:/; big/bl g/一個(gè)元音可以構(gòu)成音節(jié),如about/* /o bau t/, I /al /C:成音節(jié)即由輔音和成節(jié)音,/mA /n/, /n/構(gòu)成的音節(jié),如：button/ bA tn/3.音節(jié)的分類A:開音節(jié)：指以發(fā)音的元音字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié)或元輔e結(jié)構(gòu)。如：go/gou /; photo / fbu tou /; cake /kei k/; like/lai k/B:閉音節(jié)：以輔音字母結(jié)尾(r,w,v除外)，同時(shí)只有一個(gè)元音音素的音節(jié)，如:bag/bg/; stop /stD p/r音節(jié)：即ar /a/

36、; er /o /; ir/o /; or/o /; ur /o/在非重讀音節(jié)中一般發(fā)短音/0/.音節(jié)的劃分口訣：一在后，二分手一在后：如果兩個(gè)元音中有一個(gè)輔音，那么把這個(gè)輔音的發(fā)音劃到后面。二分手：如果兩個(gè)元音中有兩個(gè)輔音，那么平分這兩個(gè)輔音的發(fā)音，前后各一個(gè)。一般來說，一個(gè)單詞的發(fā)音元音的總數(shù)決定了這個(gè)單詞所包含的音節(jié)數(shù)目，也就是說有幾個(gè) 元音音素就有幾個(gè)音節(jié)，如一個(gè)音節(jié):I; a; six; girl; one; how 兩個(gè)音節(jié)：fa/ther; re/move; peo/ple; ri/ver; rea/dy三個(gè)音節(jié)：cen/tu/ry; vi/ta/min; cer/tain/ly

37、.不同音節(jié)中元音字母的發(fā)音(1)在閉音節(jié)中的元音字母一般發(fā)短元音，如：a/se/cat;e/e/bed;i/I/big;o/D /dog;u/a /bus在開音節(jié)中的元音字母一般發(fā)字母的名稱音絕對(duì)開音節(jié):以發(fā)音的元音字母結(jié)尾。如:she/Ji/; hi/hai /相對(duì)開音節(jié):元輔 e 結(jié)構(gòu)。如:lake/le工 k/;like/lai k/; coke/kouk/二、不完全爆破音與濁化.不完全爆破音(incomplete plosion)帶有不完全爆破音的詞或句子，聽起來好像有些音被吞掉，但實(shí)際上并未完全被吞掉。當(dāng)兩 個(gè)輔音相鄰時(shí)前面的輔音由于受后面輔音的影響，在發(fā)音時(shí)只需要作出這個(gè)音的口形，

38、但不 需要把音發(fā)出來。這種要發(fā)而又不發(fā)出來的音就是我們所說的不完全爆破音，這種發(fā)音現(xiàn)象 叫做失去爆破。爆破音/p/b/t/d/k/g/.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的爆破音相連，只爆破最后一個(gè)爆破音，其他爆破音只需要作出口形即 可。如：act;two.爆破音后跟破擦音時(shí)，爆破音失去爆破。如pi(c)ture; tha(t) judge.爆破音后跟摩擦音時(shí)只需做出口形，不爆破。如：brea(k)fast.爆破音后跟鼻音時(shí)，爆破音亦不爆破。如:goo(d) morning.濁化(soft)濁化就是把清輔音發(fā)成與其相應(yīng)的濁輔音。一般情況下，在音節(jié)開頭如果有兩個(gè)在一起的清 輔音，那么第二個(gè)清輔音就要濁化，即發(fā)成濁輔

39、音。常見的有:/sp/sb /如:sport;/st/sd/ 如:stair;/sk/sg / 如:sky; scarf; school.連讀(liaison)在英語的實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，人們常將屬于同一意群的詞連在一起，一口氣說出來。意群中詞與詞 之間不留空隙，這種讀法叫連讀。如：NotAatAall. Please takeAa lookAatAit. I findAa book inAit.(book 與 in 分別在兩個(gè)不同的意群中故 中不連讀。三、重音、語調(diào)與節(jié)奏.重音(stress)。)單重音英語的每個(gè)詞，至少有一個(gè)音節(jié)讀得特別重而清楚，而其他的音節(jié)那么輕而含糊。讀得重而清 楚的音節(jié)，叫做

40、單詞重音，又叫重讀音節(jié)。讀得輕而含糊的音節(jié)，叫做非重讀音節(jié)或輕讀音 節(jié)。如：interesting; dictionary; relay; forget; enough; dislike(2)句子重音實(shí)詞如名詞、實(shí)意動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等，一般需重讀，但在倒裝句中實(shí)意動(dòng)詞要輕讀。 如：She always 9made her class interestingUnder the tree stood an old man.代詞以及虛詞如冠詞、連詞、介詞等往往不重讀，但作表語的介詞短語中的介詞需重讀。 如：The ball is under the chair.Which grade are yo

41、u in?.語調(diào)(intonation)英語語調(diào)，即說話的腔調(diào)，就是一句話里聲調(diào)(pitch)高低抑揚(yáng)輕重的配制和變化。(1)降調(diào):主要用于陳述句、祈使句、特殊疑問句、感嘆句句末，表示肯定、明確或意思表達(dá) 完整。如：Please open the door. What a fine day! I 升調(diào):主要用于疑問句或表示請(qǐng)求的句子末尾，表示不太肯定、親切和意思未完。如：Would you like a cup of tea?Do you often go to school by bike?(3)降升調(diào)先升后除常用于選擇疑問句中或列舉時(shí)。如:Is your friend a boy or a

42、 girl? Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? There are eggplants, cucumbers, tomatoes and potatoes in the market.先降后升:常用于補(bǔ)充說明或反意疑問句中。如：We have to hurry up,口 Im afraid.He hasnt booked the room, has he? i 3.節(jié)奏(the rhythm)讀長(zhǎng)句時(shí)，需要注意在意群之間換氣，稍作停頓，而一個(gè)意群內(nèi)部不可停頓，以便意思保持 完整。如：Our English teacher/told us/an intere

43、sting story.He and his brother/have already finished/doing their homework.父檢測(cè)訓(xùn)練一、短對(duì)話What does the man like about the movie?A. Its funny plot.B. Its music.C. Its actors.【答案】c【原文】W: That is a great movie, isnt it? It has some really funny parts, and I think the actors are really good.M: I agree about

44、the acting, but I dont think it is funny. I dont care much for the music.How much is a concert ticket for a child?A. $2.B. $4.C. $8.【答案】B【原文】M: Concert tickets are 8 dollars for adults, half price for children.W: OK. Id like one adult ticket and two children tickets, please.What does the woman sugge

45、st doing first?A. Having breakfast.B. Buying the medicine. C. Traveling to the town.【答案】A【原文】M: We really must go to the town to buy that medicine right now.W: I think thafs OK after we have breakfast.What will Sam do tonight?A. Attend a party.B. Fly to Tokyo.C. Have a meeting.【答案】B【原文】W: Sam, could

46、 you come to the party?M: rd love to, but ril fly to Tokyo on business tonight Til attend some meetings there in the next few days.Where is the man probably going now?A. A gift shop.B. His brothers house. C. The Childrens Center.【答案】A【原文】W: Why are you in such a hurry?M: Tomorrow is Childrens Day, b

47、ut I havent got a gift fbr my brother.What does the man say about the new film star?A. He is popular with young people.B. He is not handsome.C. He is a good actor.【答案】A【原文】W: Look! That handsome boy is a new film star, isnt he?M: Yes, hes very popular with young people. But I dont think he acts well

48、.What is the picture about?A. A city.B. A farm.C. A pet.【答案】B【原文】W: What a nice picture! A beautiful farm with cows everywhere!M: Thank you. I took the picture when I stayed in the countryside.How will the man go to park?A. By bus.B. By car.C. On foot.【答案】A【原文】W: Would you like to go to the park by

49、car?M: No. You see, its Sunday today and it isnt very crowded on the bus.What is the woman doing now?A. Having a meeting.B. Having a meal.C. Working.【答案】B【原文】M: Hi, Mary. This is Ted. Are you busy?W: Were having dinner now. Can I call you back in half an hour?How does the man help the woman?By filli

50、ng out the form for her.By telling her his personal information.By reading the information on the form.【答案】C【原文】W: Excuse me! Can you read out this form fbr me? Ive forgotten my glasses.M: Of course, maam. First, you should write down your name and address, and then your telephone number.What are the speakers talking about?What the mans hobby is.Whether the man learned drawing.When the man went to high school.【答案】A【原文】W: Tell me, what do you enjoy doing in your spare time?M: I enjoy drawing.W: I didnt know