系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨

1、Systematic Anatomy李文春 教授 Department of AnatomyHubei University of Medicine 醫(yī)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)課件組1系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨【目的和要求】 緒 論 1掌握系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)的定義，人體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)姿勢、方位術(shù)語、軸和面。 2熟悉人體的分部和器官系統(tǒng)。 3了解系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)的任務(wù)、分科及發(fā)展簡史。 骨 學(xué) 1掌握骨的分類；椎骨的一般形態(tài)；胸骨的分部及重要標(biāo)志。 2熟悉骨的構(gòu)造；各部椎骨的主要特征；肋的組成、形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。 3了解骨的化學(xué)成分和物理性質(zhì)，骨的發(fā)生和發(fā)育，骨的可塑性。 2系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨人體解剖學(xué)教研室基本情況碩士點(diǎn)立項(xiàng)建設(shè)學(xué)科

2、省級重點(diǎn)學(xué)科 省級精品課程湖北省“楚天學(xué)者計(jì)劃”設(shè)崗學(xué)科項(xiàng)仕孝教授3系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨Introduction 一、Concept and division Human Anatomy is the science which deals with the morphology and structure of the human body. For medical students, human anatomy is the basic course of preclinical and clinical curriculum. krikjulm 4系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨臺灣學(xué)生用書

3、 5系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨臺灣的解剖教學(xué) 6系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨澳大利亞悉尼大學(xué)的解剖教學(xué) 7系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨澳大利亞悉尼大學(xué)的解剖教學(xué) 8系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨本校虛擬解剖實(shí)驗(yàn)室9系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨解剖學(xué)與疾病的診斷和治療顱內(nèi)動(dòng)脈瘤 電解式可脫性彈簧圈栓塞治療動(dòng)脈瘤全腦數(shù)字減影動(dòng)脈造影 10系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨解剖學(xué)相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)11系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨世界上首顆人造心臟照片曝光 1969年曾跳動(dòng)三天 12系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨用天然平臺制造人工心臟取得成功美國科學(xué)家近日利用全器官脫細(xì)胞化（whole organ decellularization）方法，在實(shí)

4、驗(yàn)室中制成了大鼠和豬的人工心臟。這一成果有望為人類人工心臟制備提供新的方法。相關(guān)論文1月13日在線發(fā)表于自然醫(yī)學(xué)（Nature Medicine）上。13系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨 systematic anatomy macroanatomy 巨視解剖 regional anatomy histology microanatomy cytology 微視解剖 embryology surgical anatomy surface anatomy X-ray anatomy sectional anatomy locomotive anatomy Human anatomy divisionmk

5、runtmi maikruntmi 14系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨二、人體解剖學(xué)發(fā)展簡史（自學(xué)）三、我國人體解剖學(xué)的發(fā)展歷程（自學(xué)）15系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨研究顯示愛情有助于緩解疼痛 疼痛實(shí)驗(yàn) 研究人員在美國斯坦福大學(xué)招募15名本科生，讓他們手握一個(gè)物體，這一物體在電腦控制下會(huì)慢慢加溫，溫度會(huì)使受試者感到輕微疼痛。 與此同時(shí)，受試者分別觀看自己熱戀對象和一名熟人的照片。研究人員對受試者的大腦進(jìn)行功能性核磁共振(fMRI)掃描，記錄大腦活動(dòng)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示，愛情的方法可緩解疼痛。 “愛情止痛藥”作用于大腦的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)中心，刺激大腦深部組織，抑制疼痛感。16系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨中美學(xué)者研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：錢

6、可減輕生理疼痛 根據(jù)中美兩國心理學(xué)者進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究，觸摸或者僅僅凝視錢能夠減輕生理疼痛和社會(huì)排斥造成的壓力。但是一個(gè)人回憶花掉的錢卻能夠增加這兩種痛苦。 據(jù)自然雜志在線新聞報(bào)道，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，僅是想到自己有錢便能夠讓人們在生理上感到更強(qiáng)壯，并較少依賴其他人的贊賞來滿足自身的需求。研究人員指出：“金錢激活了普通意義上的信心、力量和效益。”17系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨四、The parts and systems of the body .The human body is divided into ten parts. the head the neck the thorax the back

7、the abdomen the pelvis and perineum the upper limbs the lower limbs:rks perini:m 18系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨Locomotor system 運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)Alimentary (Digestive) system 消化系統(tǒng)Respiratory system 呼吸系統(tǒng)Urinary system 泌尿系統(tǒng)Reproductive system 生殖系統(tǒng)Endocrine system 內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)Circulatory system 脈管系統(tǒng)Sense organs 感覺器Nervous system 神經(jīng)系統(tǒng). Th

8、ere are nine systems in human bodylimentri19系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨五、The anatomical position, terms of direction, axis and planes. Anatomical position 解剖學(xué)姿勢 Human body is supposed to be in the erect posture, with the face and toes forward, the arms hanging by the sides and the palms of the hands directed forwa

9、rd, the heels near to each other.hi:lzntmikl尸體擺標(biāo)準(zhǔn)姿勢20系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨.The terms of direction Superior and inferior Anterior and posterior (ventral) and ( dorsal) Medial and lateral Internal and external Superficial and profound Proximal近 and distal遠(yuǎn) Ulnar 尺and radial橈 Tibial脛 and fibular 腓 21系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干

10、骨 .The axis and planes vertical axis axis sagittal axis frontal axis sagittal plane planes frontal plane horizontal planeverticalsagittalfrontalhrizntl22系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨六、人體解剖學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)方法（1）勤于思考，善于聯(lián)系，發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律。（2）形態(tài)與功能結(jié)合。（3）局部與整體結(jié)合。（4）理論與實(shí)際結(jié)合。授課形式：理論1.5實(shí)驗(yàn)3.0實(shí)驗(yàn)課穿白大衣人體解剖學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教程思考題23系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨愛護(hù)尸體24系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨運(yùn) 動(dòng) 系

11、統(tǒng)Locomotor system25系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨The locomotor system consists of bones, joints and musclesoriginbellytendoninsertion26系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨Chapter 1 Osteology 骨學(xué)206 According to the location of the bones, it can be divided into skull , bones of trunk, bones of limbs. The former two form the axial bone.Section

12、 1 The general descriptionstildi 27系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨一、The shape and classification of the bones long bone 長骨 short bone 短骨 flat bone 扁骨 irregular bone 不規(guī)則骨irejul 28系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨1. long bones are found in limbs , it consists of a bodyand two ends.Medullary cavity EpiphysisEpiphysial cartilageBodyEpiphysis2

13、9系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨2. Short bones The short bones distribute in wrist and foot.30系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨 3. Flat bones They distribute in skull and chest.skullchest31系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨 4. Irregular bones The irregular bones are varied in shape, such as cranial bones and vertebrae.sinusvertebrae32系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨 The living bo

14、nes consist of bony substance 骨質(zhì), periosteum 骨膜 and bone marrow 骨髓.PeriosteumBony substanceBone marrow二、The structure of bonesperistim 33系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨1.Bony substance(1) Compact bone:堅(jiān)實(shí)致密，配布于骨表面。(2) Spongy bone：呈海綿狀，配布于骨的內(nèi) 部，由骨小梁組成。34系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨 2. Periosteum It covers the surface of the bone (excep

15、t the articular part) , it consists of two layers : an outer and an inner membrane. Periosteum骨膜剝離太多骨折難以愈合 增高術(shù):tikjul 35系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨 3. Bone marrow Bone marrow is found in the medullary cavities of long bones and within spaces in spongy bone. There are two kinds of bone marrow, red and yellow . Red

16、marrowYellow marrow 骨髓穿刺部位？36系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨世界首例3D打印下頜移植手術(shù)技術(shù)人員可根據(jù)移植患者的具體需求來設(shè)計(jì)骨骼部件的效果圖，然后利用高精度的鐳射槍來熔解鈦粉，并將它們一層層地噴涂疊加起來，最終形成一個(gè)立體的人造骨骼部件成品。 通過3D立體打印技術(shù)制作人造骨骼對于醫(yī)療移植技術(shù)的未來發(fā)展來說是至關(guān)重要的，因?yàn)樗梢再N合各種需求制作出復(fù)雜精細(xì)的骨骼或軟組織構(gòu)造，提高移植手術(shù)的速度和成功率。37系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨三、The chemical composition and physical properties of boneorganicinorgan

17、ic Living bones are plastic tissues with organic and inorganic.n:nik 38系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨Section 2 The axial bone 中軸骨一、The bones of trunk 軀干骨 The bones of trunk include the vertebrae, the sternum and the ribs, which provide framework 支架 for the vertebral column脊柱, the thoracic cage胸廓and the pelvis骨盆.(:) r

18、sik39系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨(一）The vertebrae 椎骨 In a child, the normal number of the separate vertebrae is 32 or 33.Cervical 頸vertebrae: C7Thoracic胸vertebrae: T12Lumbar腰vertebrae: L5Sacral骶vertebrae: S5Coccygeal尾vertebrae: Co34CTLSCokksidil 40系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨1. The general features of vertebraevertebral body 椎體 ve

19、rtebral foramen vertebral canalvertebral arch 椎弓 pedicle of vertebral arch intervertebral foramen laminae of vertebral arch spinous processSeven processes transverse processes articular processes41系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨2. The main characteristics of vertebrae in each region (1) Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 the body

20、is heart-shaped. there are costal fovea. articular facets of articular processes are relatively coronary. the spinous process are long and downward sloping krnri42系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨 (2) Cervical vertebrae 頸椎 the body is small. articular facets of articular processes are relatively horizontal. vertebral fo

21、ramen is large and is nearly triangular. there are the transverse foramen. the spinous process are short and bifid. traijul43系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨Luschka關(guān)節(jié)頸椎病 44系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨45系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨 the first cervical vertebrae is known as atlas 寰椎. the second cervical vertebrae is known as axis 樞椎. the seventh cervical vertebrae is known as vertebra prominens 隆椎. tlsksis46系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)緒論骨學(xué)軀干骨 (3) Lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 the bo