初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式 講義(共11頁(yè))

1、PAGE 13動(dòng)詞(dngc)不定式動(dòng)詞(dngc)不定式具有兩大特點(diǎn)：1.具有動(dòng)詞(dngc)的特點(diǎn)，因此，后面可以跟表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，可以在句子中用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)等1.作主語(yǔ)(1) To get there by bike will take us half an hour.To make up for lost time is not possible.To lean out of the window is dangerous.To save money now seems impossible.

2、 (2) It+be+n.+to doIts our duty to take good care of the old.It takes sb. + sometime +to do sth.How long did it take you to finish the work? It+be+adj.+for sb+to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the

3、 teacher says.It is an offence to drop litter in the street. It seems(appears)+adj.+to doIt seemed impossible to save money. believe/consider/discover/expect/find/think/wonder+it + 謂語(yǔ)+to do sth.He thought it would be safer to go by train.He will find it is hard to make friends.to have doneTo have ma

4、de the same mistake twice was unforgivable.It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all. (3) （1） Its easy (for me) to do that easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enoughIts s

5、o nice to hear your voice.Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.（2） Its very kind of him to help us. Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate,silly,selfish例句(lj):It was silly of us to believe him. It seemed selfish of him not to give them a

6、nything. 判斷(pndun)正誤：To see is to believe.It is to believe to see.練習(xí)(linx)1. Its our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.

7、4. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to3作賓語(yǔ)1) afford，agree，aim，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，care，choose，claim，condescend，consent，decide，demand，determine，endeavor，expect，fail，help，hesitate，hope，learn，manage，neglect，offer，plan，prepare，prete

8、nd，proceed，promise，prove，refuse，resolve，seem，swear，tend，threaten，undertake，volunteer，vow，want，wishe.g.：The driver failed to see the other car in time.I happen to know the answer to your question.2） 動(dòng)詞+ HYPERLINK /view/720086.htm 疑問(wèn)詞+ 不定式decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understan

9、d, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, telle.g.Please show us how to do that. There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy. 注意：The question is how to put it into practice.3)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞(dngc)+it+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)+to do句式。如：We think it quite important for us to learn a forei

10、gn language well.He feels it his duty to help the poor.I find it difficult to learn English well.練習(xí)(linx)：1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys 2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking3. He found it very d

11、ifficult _.A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep 4作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(by)1) 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式(to do)ask peldeclareencourageforbidforcefindhireinduce instructinvitelikeorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequireselectsendsupposeteach telltrainurgee.g.a.Father will not allow us to play on the street.b.We believe him t

12、o be guilty.練習(xí)1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked 5 Find 的特殊用法：Find 后可用 HYPERLINK /view/26744

13、.htm 分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加 HYPERLINK /view/1626915.htm 形式賓語(yǔ)，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。I found him lying on the ground.I found it important to learn.I found that to learn English is important.6典型例題：The next morning she found the man _ in bed，dead.A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying2) to + be 的 HY

14、PERLINK /view/345.htm 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作 HYPERLINK /view/146650.htm 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare,discover, fancy,feel,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see, show,suppose,take,understandWe consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.7典型例題:Charles Babbage is generally considere

15、d_ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented3) to be + HYPERLINK /view/84346.htm 形容詞Seem,appear,be said,be supposed,be believed,be thought,be known,be reported,hope, wish,desire,want,plan,expect,meanThe book is believed to be uninteresting.人們(rn men)認(rèn)為這本書(shū)沒(méi)什么意思。

16、4)there be+不定式believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstandWe didnt expect there to be so many people there.我們沒(méi)料到會(huì)有那么(n me)多人在哪里。有些(yuxi)動(dòng)詞需用as 短語(yǔ)做 HYPERLINK /view/146650.htm 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，如regard,think believe,take,consider.We regard Tom as our best teacher.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。Mary took him as he

17、r father .瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。5)禿頭不定式作 HYPERLINK /view/146650.htm 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)禿頭不定式， 即不帶“to”的不定式，其 HYPERLINK /view/135635.htm 語(yǔ)法功能一般在句子中作賓語(yǔ)的 HYPERLINK /view/146650.htm 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（ HYPERLINK /view/122277.htm 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）。用禿頭不定式作 HYPERLINK /view/122277.htm 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常用動(dòng)詞如下：口訣：“五看、三使役“，“兩聽(tīng)、一感”要記住，若是“賓補(bǔ)”變“主補(bǔ)”，主補(bǔ)“to”字不能無(wú)。動(dòng)詞let屬例外，其賓補(bǔ)/主補(bǔ)“to

18、”均無(wú)。說(shuō)明：五看see/watch/notice/observe/look at；三使役have/make/let；兩聽(tīng)hear/listen to；一感feel。例句：I often see him go to school on foot.(禿頭不定式作 HYPERLINK /view/122277.htm 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) He is often seen to go to school on foot.(不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，要帶“to”) Let him try again. He is let try again.(let的主補(bǔ)與賓補(bǔ)均用禿頭不定式)練習(xí)：1. We saw him _

19、 the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陜西省)4

20、. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did (貴州省)8作表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)動(dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示抽象的一般行為。To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式時(shí)，其含義一是

21、條件，一是結(jié)果（例）。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等為 HYPERLINK /view/1113215.htm 中心詞的名詞詞組（例）時(shí)，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例），不定 式說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。Our work is serving the people.What he likes is taking a walk after supper.The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.句動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)部分(b fen)可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Serving thepeople

22、is our work,而句中是 HYPERLINK /view/233390.htm 現(xiàn)在(xinzi)分詞作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種( zhn)特征，另外，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)還應(yīng)與進(jìn)行 HYPERLINK /view/238614.htm 時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。9作狀語(yǔ)（1）目的 HYPERLINK /view/111834.htm 狀語(yǔ)To only to (僅僅為了),in order to,so as to,so(such) as to (如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車(chē)。I come

23、 here only to say good-bye to you.我來(lái)僅僅是向你告別。（2）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make you angry.He searched the room only to find nothing.（3)表原因Im glad to see you.典型例題The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sitB. sit onC. be seatD. be sat on答案：B.如果不定式為 HYPERL

24、INK /view/231422.htm 不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于“形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。練習(xí)：1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)3. Im sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear

25、D. to hear (河北省)4. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肅省)6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.(改為意思相同的句子) The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (廣東省)7. Th

26、e ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改為意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people _ _ _. (廣東省)10作定語(yǔ)不定式作 HYPERLINK /view/146579.htm 定語(yǔ)不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)，置于被修飾的名詞或 HYPERLINK /view/141.htm 代詞之后。如：The next train to arrive is from Washington.Do you have anything to be taken to

27、your sister?Do you have anything to say on the question?Would you please give me some paper to write on?My wish to visit France has come true at last. HYPERLINK /view/6098929.htm 不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系：(1)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作（例）。(2)與被修飾詞之間有 HYPERLINK /view/1888103.htm 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系(gun x)，如是(r sh)不 HYPERLINK /view/231414.

28、htm 及物動(dòng)詞(j w dn c)，則需加 HYPERLINK /view/84281.htm 介詞（例）。(3)與被修飾詞之間有 HYPERLINK /view/1888103.htm 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，盡管有被動(dòng)含義，卻仍用 HYPERLINK /view/1403041.htm 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（例）；如只有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，而無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則需用 HYPERLINK /view/135.htm 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（例）。(4)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ) HYPERLINK /view/138129.htm 從句，例to arrive=that will arri

29、ve。練習(xí)：1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山東省)區(qū)別聯(lián)系1 動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別 HYPERLINK /view/26625.htm 動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是：狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象

30、，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的不定式表達(dá)的是：目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的2 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，意義相同3在下列情況下，一般要用不定式：hate,like,love前有would(should)時(shí)，如：Id like to have a cup of coffee.當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞begin,continue,start等是進(jìn)行式時(shí)，如：The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.begin,continue,start與know,understand等狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，如：I soon began to under

31、stand what was happening.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，或帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Our teachers dont permit our/us swimming in the lake.Our teachers dont permit us to swim in the lake.4 部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別較大，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境選擇使用。forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如：Dont forget to post th

32、e letter for me.Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?Remember to close the windows before you leave.I remember writing him a letter a year ago.We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.They regretted ordering these books from abroad.語(yǔ)義不同1stop to do（停止做某事

33、） stop doing（停止正在做某事）2 forget to do（忘記去做某事）forget doing（忘記做了某事）3remember to do（記得要去做某事）remember doing（記得做過(guò)某事）4 regret to do（遺憾(yhn)做某事） regret doing（遺憾(yhn)做了某事）5cease to docease doing6 try to do（努力(n l)做某事） try doing（試著做某事）7go on to do（繼續(xù)去做某事）go on doing（繼續(xù)做某事）8 afraid to do（擔(dān)心做某事）afraid doing（擔(dān)心正在

34、做的事）9interested to do（對(duì)做某事感興趣）interested doing（對(duì)正在做的感興趣）10 mean to do（打算做某事）mean doing（做某事很有意義）11 begin/ start to do（開(kāi)始去做某事）begin/ start doing（開(kāi)始做某事）1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has (廣西壯族自治區(qū))2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot

35、 _ some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)3. Lets have a rest, shall we?Not now, I cant stop _ the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). (用所給單詞的正確形式填空)(四川省)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題1. Dont forget _ the letter.A. to send B. send

36、 C. sending D. being sent2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 3. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow?A. this B. that C. it D. which4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke5. M

37、other told me _ the water before I drank it.A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil6. On my way home, I stopped _ some food.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought7. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing8. The sitting-room needs _, but itll ha

38、ve to wait until Saturday.A. be cleaningB. to be cleaned C. cleanD. being cleaned9. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to himB. to visit him C. visiting himD. visited him10. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drinkB. to drink C. not drinking D. drinkin

39、g根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。 1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything. He was too angry _ _ anything. 2. I dont know when we will have the meeting. I dont know when _ _ the meeting. 3. He said he would write a letter. He said he would have a letter _ _. 4. That you read English in the morning

40、 is very important. It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning. 5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石頭(sh tou)） He was strong _ _ _ the stone. 6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday. His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday. 7. They got up early so that they could

41、get there in time. They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time. 8. His brother decided that he would buy the book. His brother decided _ _ the book. 9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall. He hopes _ _ the Great Wall. 10.I saw him go into the room. He was seen _ _ into the room. 11.We made him wor

42、k five hours a day. He was made _ _ five hours a day. 12.Do you want to say anything for yourself? Do you have anything _ _ for yourself? 13.We dont know what we shall do next. We dont know what _ _ next. 14.Im very sorry on hearing the bad news. Im very sorry _ _ the bad news. 15.He stopped and had

43、 a look at me. He stopped _ _ a look at me. 16.I helped him with his English. I helped him _ _ English. 17.My father promised （許諾(xnu)）that he would buy me a bike. My father promised _ _ me a bike. 18.The box is so heavy that I cant carry it. The box is too heavy _ me _ _. 19.“Lie down! ”the boy sai

44、d to his dog. The boy ordered his dog _ _ down. 20.“Dont make any noise, ”she said to me. She told me _ _ _ any noise.鞏固(gngg)提高題This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced2. The purpose of new

45、 technology is to make life easier, _it more difficult.A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make3. Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music .A .making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D .to make herself heard4. I dont know whether you happen_ ,but I a

46、m going to study in the U.S.A this September.A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left.A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told6. You were silly not _your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. h

47、aving locked7. The teacher asked us _so much noise.A .dont make B. not make C. not making D .not to make8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _clear warnings before firing any shots.A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued9. Id rather have a room o

48、f my own, however small it is, than_ a room with someone else.A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbed B. to have been robbedC. being robbed D. having been robbed11. A number of paintings in the castle are

49、 believed _in a fire.A. being destroyed B. having been destroyed C. to be destroyed D. to have been destroyed12. The meeting _ next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place13. As a result of my laziness, I failed _ my work i

50、n time.A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished14. I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having15. Will you lend him a magazine _?A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he read16. He could do nothing but _for the bus _.A. wai

51、t, to come B. wait; come C. waiting; coming D. waited; came17 .It is a problem that doesnt need _ right now.A. to solveB. solvingC. being solvedD. to be solving18. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _ trouble.A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having ma

52、de19. I remember _him _the bike needed _.A. hearing, saying, to repair B. to hear, say, to repairC. hearing, say, repairing D. to hear, saying, to be repaired20. You should have thanked her before you left. I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A. to do B. to C. doing D. doin

53、g so21. Robert is said to _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study B. to be studying D. to have been studying22. Im gong to Xian next week. Have you anything _ to your parents?A. to take B. to be taken C. to be bought to D. to buy23. when are they _ in thei

54、r plan?A. hand B. handed C. to hand D. give24. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survived D. will survive25. When we hurried to the station, there happened _ no bus at that time.A. to have B. to be C. having D. being26. I l

55、ost my way in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to rain.A. made B. having made C. making D. to make27. At _ time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, though she is always too busy _ a good rest.A. no, to take B. no, taking C. any, to take D. one, taking28. -Are you a student

56、?-No, but I used _.A. to be B. to was C. to do D. to be a29. I stopped to listen, and my son seemed _ himself _ in the living room.A. to enjoy, to shut B. to be enjoying, shutting C. to be enjoying, shut D. to have enjoyed, having shut30. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected preside

57、nt is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled閱讀(yud)理解“My dear lady,” says Holmes. “Youre shivering. Are you old? Do you want a cup of hot tea?” “Im not cold,” the woman replies, “I fear for my life!”“We are here to help you. Dont worry about anything. I dont know you. But I know many things about you. For example, I know how you travel. You came