電大開放教育C語(yǔ)言程序設(shè)計(jì)課程期末復(fù)習(xí)考試題庫(kù)資料

1、最新電大C語(yǔ)言程序設(shè)計(jì)課程期末復(fù)習(xí)考試題庫(kù)小抄 一、單選題 1在每個(gè)C語(yǔ)言程序中都必須包含有這樣一個(gè)函數(shù)，該函數(shù)的函數(shù)名為( )。 A. main B. MAIN C. name D. function 2每個(gè)C語(yǔ)言程序文件的編譯錯(cuò)誤分為（ ）類。 A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 3. 字符串a(chǎn)+b=12n的長(zhǎng)度為（ ）。 A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9 4. 在switch語(yǔ)句的每個(gè)case塊中，假定都是以break語(yǔ)句結(jié)束的，則此switch語(yǔ)句容易被改寫為（ ）語(yǔ)句。 A. for B. if C. do D. while 5. 在下面的do-while循環(huán)語(yǔ)句中，其循環(huán)

2、體語(yǔ)句被執(zhí)行的次數(shù)為（ ）。 int i=0; do i+; while(i10); A. 4 B. 3 C. 5 D. 10 6. 將兩個(gè)字符串連接起來(lái)組成一個(gè)字符串時(shí)，選用的函數(shù)為（ ）。 A. strlen() B. strcap() C. strcat() D. strcmp() 7. 若用數(shù)組名作為函數(shù)調(diào)用的實(shí)參，傳遞給形參的是（ ）。 A. 數(shù)組的首地址 B. 數(shù)組中第一個(gè)元素的值 C. 數(shù)組中全部元素的值 D. 數(shù)組元素的個(gè)數(shù) 8. 假定a為一個(gè)整數(shù)類型的數(shù)組名，整數(shù)類型的長(zhǎng)度為4，則元素a4的地址比a數(shù)組的首地址大( )個(gè)字節(jié)。 A. 4 B. 8 C. 16 D. 32 9.

3、 假定s被定義為指針類型char *的變量，初始指向的字符串為Hello world!，若要使變量p指向s所指向的字符串，則p應(yīng)定義為（ ）。 A. char *p=s; B. char *p=&s; C. char *p;p=*s; D. char *p; p=&s; 10. 從一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)文件中讀入以換行符結(jié)束的一行字符串的函數(shù)為（ ）。 A. gets() B. fgets() C. getc() D. fgetc() 11. 由C語(yǔ)言目標(biāo)文件連接而成的可執(zhí)行文件的缺省擴(kuò)展名為( )。 A. cpp B. exe C. obj D. c 12. 設(shè)有兩條語(yǔ)句為“int a=12; a+=a*

4、a;”，則執(zhí)行結(jié)束后，a的值為( )。 A. 12 B. 144 C. 156 D. 288 13. 帶有隨機(jī)函數(shù)調(diào)用的表達(dá)式rand()%20的值在( )區(qū)間內(nèi)。 A. 119 B. 120 C. 019 D. 020 14. for循環(huán)語(yǔ)句“for(i=0; i0 & x=10)的相反表達(dá)式為（ ）。A. x10 B. x10C. x=0 | x0 & x10 23. 當(dāng)處理特定問題時(shí)的循環(huán)次數(shù)已知時(shí)，通常采用（ ）循環(huán)來(lái)解決。 A. for B. while C. do-while D. switch 24. 假定i的初值為0，則在循環(huán)語(yǔ)句“while(ib | b=5的相反表達(dá)式為a5

5、)的相反表達(dá)式為_(x！=0 | y=5) 或：(x | y5的相反表達(dá)式為_ x+yname等價(jià)的訪問表達(dá)式為_(*p).name _。參考解答：1. ;（或分號(hào)） 2. # 3. void 4. 0 x195. a=b & b!=5 6. DataType 7. 32 8. 0N-19. 1 10. 拷貝（復(fù)制） 11. 程序文件 12. *(a+i)13. *p 14. C 15. 2 16. float17. 33 18. (x！=0 | y=5) 或：(x | y=5) 19. 1 20. 60 21. BB 22. 1123. 46 24. int* 25. 12 26. x.a2

6、7. printf 28. error 29. 70 30. 1431. x+y=5 32. 10 33. 4*M 34. 235. 長(zhǎng)度 360. 函數(shù)體 37. 46 38. &p39. (*p).name五、按題目要求編寫程序或函數(shù) 1. 編寫一個(gè)程序，輸出50以內(nèi)（含50）的、能夠被3或者5整除的所有整數(shù)。#include void main() int i; for(i=3; i=50; i+) if(i%3=0 | i%5=0) printf(%d ,i); printf(n); 2. 編寫一個(gè)遞歸函數(shù)“int FF(int a, int n)”，求出數(shù)組a中所有n個(gè)元素之積并返回

7、。int FF(int a, int n) if(n=0) printf(n值非法n),exit(1); if(n=1) return an-1; else return an-1*FF(a,n-1); 3. 編寫一個(gè)程序，利用while循環(huán)，計(jì)算并打印輸出的值，其中正整數(shù)n值由鍵盤輸入。假定求和變量用sum表示，計(jì)數(shù)變量用i表示，sum、i和n均定義為全局變量，sum和i的初值分別被賦予0和1。#include int n,i=1; double sum=0; void main() scanf(%d,&n); while(i=n) sum+=(double)1/i+; printf(sum

8、=%lfn,sum); 4. 根據(jù)函數(shù)原型“void DD(int a, int n, int MM)”編寫函數(shù)定義，利用雙重循環(huán)查找并打印輸出數(shù)組an中任何兩個(gè)元素的值等于MM值的元素值。假定ai+aj等于MM，則輸出格式為：(ai,aj)。void DD(int a, int n, int MM) int i,j; for(i=0; in; i+) for(j=i+1; jn; j+) if(ai+aj=MM) printf(%d, %dn, ai,aj); 5. 編寫一個(gè)程序，計(jì)算1+3+32+.+310的值并輸出，假定分別用i,p,s作為循環(huán)變量、累乘變量和累加變量的標(biāo)識(shí)符。#incl

9、ude void main() int i; int p=1; int s=1; for(i=1;i=10;i+) p*=3; s+=p; printf(%dn,s); 6. 根據(jù)函數(shù)原型“int FF(int a, int n)”，編寫函數(shù)定義，計(jì)算并返回?cái)?shù)組an中所有元素之和。int FF(int a, int n) int i,sum=0; for(i=0; in; i+) sum+=ai; return sum; 7. 根據(jù)函數(shù)原型“double Mean(double aMN,int m,int n)”，編寫函數(shù)定義，要求返回二維數(shù)組amn中所有元素的平均值。假定在計(jì)算過程中采用變量

10、v存放累加值和最后的平均值。double Mean(double aMN,int m,int n) int i,j; double v=0.0; for(i=0; im; i+) for(j=0; jn; j+) v+=aij; v/=m*n; return v; 注：函數(shù)體的最后兩行可以合并為一條返回語(yǔ)句：return v/=m*n 8. 根據(jù)函數(shù)原型“int MM(int a,int m)”，編寫函數(shù)定義，計(jì)算并返回?cái)?shù)組am中元素最大值和最小值之差。int MM(int a,int m) int i,x1,x2; x1=x2=a0; for(i=1; ix1) x1=ai; if(aix2

11、) x2=ai; return x1-x2; 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O謝謝！2016年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid

12、into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve ter

13、minal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the effector cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerv

14、e cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and non-nerve cells. This process is termed chemical neurotransmission and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the Ge

15、rman pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as cholinergic. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the c

16、ell membrane of a muscle fibre at the so-called motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for

17、 voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a command is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds; an enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. The choline is then available for re-uptake into the nerve term

18、inal. These same principles apply to cholinergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differs. In the autonomic nervous system these include nerve-to-nerve synapses at the relay stations (ganglia) in both the sympathetic and the parasympath

19、etic divisions, and the endings of parasympathetic nerve fibres on non-voluntary (smooth) muscle, the heart, and glandular cells; in response to activation of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. Acetylcholine is

20、also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nerve-to-nerve synapses. To understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. In post-synaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres termina

21、te) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. These are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholine in a reversible fashion. It is the complex of receptor combined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in

22、the response from the receptive cell. Two major types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. The type in skeletal muscle is known as nicotinic; in glands, smooth muscle, and the heart they are muscarinic; and there are some of each type in the brain. These terms are used because

23、 nicotine mimics the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors, whereas muscarine, an alkaloid from the mushroom Amanita muscaria, mimics the action of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. In the

24、 peripheral nervous system acetylcholine plays a role in skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. In the central nervous system acetylcholine is believed to be involved in learning, memory, and mood. Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and ace

25、tyl coenzyme A through the action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and becomes packaged into membrane-boundvesicles. After the arrival of a nerve signal at the termination of an axon, the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, causing the release of acetylcholine into thesynaptic cleft. For th

26、e nerve signal to continue, acetylcholine must diffuse to another nearby neuron or muscle cell, where it will bind and activate areceptorprotein. There are two main types of cholinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic. Nicotinic receptors are located at synapses between two neurons and at synaps

27、es between neurons and skeletal muscle cells. Upon activation a nicotinic receptor acts as a channel for the movement of ions into and out of the neuron, directly resulting indepolarizationof the neuron. Muscarinic receptors, located at the synapses of nerves with smooth or cardiac muscle, trigger a

28、 chain of chemical events referred to as signal transduction. For a cholinergic neuron to receive another impulse, acetylcholine must be released from the receptor to which it has bound. This will only happen if the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft is very low. Low synaptic conce

29、ntrations of acetylcholine can be maintained via a hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme hydrolyzes acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline. If acetylcholinesterase activity is inhibited, the synaptic concentration of acetylcholine will remain higher than n

30、ormal. If this inhibition is irreversible, as in the case of exposure to many nerve gases and some pesticides, sweating, bronchial constriction, convulsions, paralysis, and possibly death can occur. Although irreversible inhibition is dangerous, beneficial effects may be derived from transient (reve

31、rsible) inhibition. Drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase in a reversible manner have been shown to improve memory in some people with Alzheimers disease. abstract expressionism, movement of abstract painting that emerged in New York City during the mid-1940s and attained singular prominence in Am

32、erican art in the following decade; also called action painting and the New York school. It was the first important school in American painting to declare its independence from European styles and to influence the development of art abroad. Arshile Gorky first gave impetus to the movement. His paint

33、ings, derived at first from the art of Picasso, Mir, and surrealism, became more personally expressive. Jackson Pollocks turbulent yet elegant abstract paintings, which were created by spattering paint on huge canvases placed on the floor, brought abstract expressionism before a hostile public. Will

34、em de Koonings first one-man show in 1948 established him as a highly influential artist. His intensely complicated abstract paintings of the 1940s were followed by images of Woman, grotesque versions of buxom womanhood, which were virtually unparalleled in the sustained savagery of their execution.

35、 Painters such as Philip Guston and Franz Kline turned to the abstract late in the 1940s and soon developed strikingly original stylesthe former, lyrical and evocative, the latter, forceful and boldly dramatic. Other important artists involved with the movement included Hans Hofmann, Robert Motherwe

36、ll, and Mark Rothko; among other major abstract expressionists were such painters as Clyfford Still, Theodoros Stamos, Adolph Gottlieb, Helen Frankenthaler, Lee Krasner, and Esteban Vicente. Abstract expressionism presented a broad range of stylistic diversity within its largely, though not exclusiv

37、ely, nonrepresentational framework. For example, the expressive violence and activity in paintings by de Kooning or Pollock marked the opposite end of the pole from the simple, quiescent images of Mark Rothko. Basic to most abstract expressionist painting were the attention paid to surface qualities

38、, i.e., qualities of brushstroke and texture; the use of huge canvases; the adoption of an approach to space in which all parts of the canvas played an equally vital role in the total work; the harnessing of accidents that occurred during the process of painting; the glorification of the act of pain

39、ting itself as a means of visual communication; and the attempt to transfer pure emotion directly onto the canvas. The movement had an inestimable influence on the many varieties of work that followed it, especially in the way its proponents used color and materials. Its essential energy transmitted

40、 an enduring excitement to the American art scene. Science and technology is quite a broad category, and it covers everything from studying the stars and the planets to studying molecules and viruses. Beginning with the Greeks and Hipparchus, continuing through Ptolemy, Copernicus and Galileo, and t

41、oday with our work on the International Space Station, man continues to learn more and more about the heavens. From here, we look inward to biochemistry and biology. To truly understand biochemistry, scientists study and see the unseen bystudying the chemistry of biological processes. This science,

42、along with biophysics, aims to bring a better understanding of how bodies work from how we turn food into energy to how nerve impulses transmit.analytic geometry, branch ofgeometryin which points are represented with respect to a coordinate system, such asCartesian coordinates, and in which the appr

43、oach to geometric problems is primarily algebraic. Its most common application is in the representation of equations involving two or three variables as curves in two or three dimensions or surfaces in three dimensions. For example, the linear equationax+by+c=0 represents a straight line in thexy-pl

44、ane, and the linear equationax+by+cz+d=0 represents a plane in space, wherea, b, c,anddare constant numbers (coefficients). In this way a geometric problem can be translated into an algebraic problem and the methods of algebra brought to bear on its solution. Conversely, the solution of a problem in

45、 algebra, such as finding the roots of an equation or system of equations, can be estimated or sometimes given exactly by geometric means, e.g., plotting curves and surfaces and determining points of intersection. In plane analytic geometry a line is frequently described in terms of its slope, which

46、 expresses its inclination to the coordinate axes; technically, the slopemof a straight line is the (trigonometric) tangent of the angle it makes with thex-axis. If the line is parallel to thex-axis, its slope is zero. Two or more lines with equal slopes are parallel to one another. In general, the

47、slope of the line through the points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is given bym= (y2-y1) / (x2-x1). The conic sections are treated in analytic geometry as the curves corresponding to the general quadratic equationax2+bxy+cy2+dx+ey+f=0, wherea, b, fare constants anda, b,andcare not all zero. In solid analytic

48、geometry the orientation of a straight line is given not by one slope but by its direction cosines, , , and , the cosines of the angles the line makes with thex-, y-,andz-axes, respectively; these satisfy the relationship 2+2+2= 1. In the same way that the conic sections are studied in two dimension

49、s, the 17 quadric surfaces, e.g., the ellipsoid, paraboloid, and elliptic paraboloid, are studied in solid analytic geometry in terms of the general equationax2+by2+cz2+dxy+exz+fyz+px+qy+rz+s=0. The methods of analytic geometry have been generalized to four or more dimensions and have been combined

50、with other branches of geometry. Analytic geometry was introduced by RenDescartesin 1637 and was of fundamental importance in the development of thecalculusby Sir Isaac Newton and G. W. Leibniz in the late 17th cent. More recently it has served as the basis for the modern development and exploitation ofalgebraic geometry. circle, closed plane curve consisting of all points at a given distance from some fixed point, called the center. A circle is a conic section cut by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cone. The term circle is also used to refer to the region enclosed b