新托福聽力加試題

1、新托福聽力加試題ID CardListen to a conversation between a student and a staff in University Service office.Female student: 我想辦新卡，因為舊的丟了。Male staff: 因為學校的registration 還未結束，所以我這里沒有你的完整資料，如果你需要辦卡，得提供證件來證明身份，比如說你的駕照。Female student: 我的駕照在錢包里，錢包被偷了。Male staff: 那么護照呢？Female student: 護照在宿舍里，因為丟了ID Card, 我沒辦法進宿舍，所以我

2、才來這辦新卡。Male staff： 讓我發(fā)封mail, 看看怎么辦這事。（several seconds later）好了，你現(xiàn)在可以去宿舍取護照了，但是必須身邊有人看著你（escort you）.Female student: Who cares! 還有，我的飯卡也丟了，怎么辦？Male staff: 沒關系，在申辦新的ID card 的時候，順便把meal card 也可以辦了。Female student: Thanks a lot.Male staff: you are welcome, I am very glad to help you.Female student: en yo

3、u are glad!題目：Why does the student go to see the office worker in the university service office?Answer: (D) 學生要辦新卡Why can not the student show her driver license either?Answer: (B) 放在宿舍，沒有ID 進不去。Why she needs to be escorted?Answer: (C) 確認她的身份，輸入ID card 信息，通過電腦確認。How can the student get a new meal ca

4、rd?Answer: (D) 和ID 一起補辦。Listen again: Female student: you are glad.Answer: (D) she was relieved.Glial Cell(神經元細胞)Lecture:Glial cells, commonly called neuralgia or simply glial (Greek for “glue”, researches originally believed that glial cells served as the putty that held the neurons together, recen

5、t research indicated that these cells provide very important contributions.) , are non-neuronal cells. In the human brain, glial are estimated to outnumber neurons by about 10 to 1.Glial cells provide support and protection for neurons, the other main type of cell in the central nervous system. The

6、four main functions of glial cells are to surround neurons and hold them in place, to supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons, to insulate one neuron from another, and to destroy pathogens and remove dad neurons.Traditionally glial had been thought to lack certain features of neurons. For example, gl

7、ial were not believed to have chemical neurotransmitters. They were considered to be the passive bystanders of neural transmission.However, recent studies disproved this. It is inappropriate nowadays to consider glial as “glue” in the nervous system as the name implies but more of a partner to neuro

8、ns. They are also crucial in the development of the nervous system.中文大意：好，在今天開始講課之前，我們先review上節(jié)課的內容。上節(jié)課，我們講了神經元細胞（計算機屏幕： Neutron）,以及其工作原理（function）, 有誰能想起來？Male student(Bernard): Neutron 是指在大腦運作的過程中起作用的一種細胞（cell）, 它接收electronic signal, 經過傳遞，然后在送往大腦的接收器（receptor）.Female professor 忽然打斷（replay）: 好的。 Be

9、rnard, 可以了。 你的答案很complete. 那么今天，我們來講一下glial cell (glial cell on the little screen), 這也是大腦物質中的一種。歷史上，生物學家們不重視glial cell, 對神經傳導的研究僅限于神經元(neutron), 或者叫nerve cell. 神經傳導通過electrical communication 從一個結點傳到另一個節(jié)點，神經元被認為起著重要的作用。Glial cell 被研究的很少，一直被忽略，被看做是help the growth of neurons, 起輔助作用（support neutron）, 例如

10、， protect, repair the damaged neutron cell. 后來， 偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦中glial cell 比 neutron 的數(shù)目多很多，這才引起了科學家的重視，開始研究他究竟起什么作用。（有問題：Glial cell 怎么引起科學家注意的）人們發(fā)現(xiàn)膠質細胞也有傳導信息的作用，不過不是通過生物電（not electronically communication）, 而是化學物質傳導（but chemical communication）. 傳統(tǒng)觀點一直誤以為glial cell 也像nerve cell 一樣用電信號。Glail cell 總共有三種傳導方式，神經細

11、胞間，膠質細胞間，神經和膠質細胞互相傳導。而且glial cell 的功能也絕不像傳統(tǒng)上認為的那樣只是send signal.那么到底glial cell 的功能有可能是什么呢？ 我們在用腦子的時候，其實就是在用glail cell. 比如說， 我們 feel, think and remember 的時候。所以，人們就有個假設（hypothesis）, 可能智商（IQ）和 glial cell 有關系，glial cell 越多，智商就越高，但這事不確定。對角質細胞的研究將是一個很open up 的領域， 因為目前我們對它的認識十分有限，但相關研究已經開始流行，而且到了大家畢業(yè)之后的幾年中可

12、能成為炙手可熱的研究課題。Female student : 老師，你的意思是說，以后glail cell 這個領域會很值得研究了？。 將來我們畢業(yè)的時候也可以。（被打斷）Female professor: 對，我的意思是說將來你們畢業(yè)后，對glail cell 的研究會比較多。 好了，言歸正傳（back to the analysis）接著，教授總結了剛剛對glail cell 的定義和功能分析，然后問：大家還有問題嗎？ 沒有的話，我們進入下一個話題。題目：What is the main topic of this lecture?Answer: Glial cellWhy does the

13、 professor mention there were much research on neutron?Answer: (C) Glial cell 領域，目前做的研究很少little research on glial cell.Historically, what is the function of glial cell?Answer: support neutron (glial cell 的作用是支持neutron)(click two) 現(xiàn)在根據(jù)人們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，glial cell 有什么特征？Answer: a. 選有 outnumber字眼的 b. 選有chemical si

14、gnal (communication) 的選項5. What does the professor imply when she says: 你們畢業(yè)后幾年，這個領域會很熱門。Answer : glail cell 這個領域，以后會有很多研究課題many researches.(replay) 就是Bernard 被打斷那一段Answer: ( D) the students answer is completedglial cell 傳導信號用什么？Answer： chemical conductor浪漫主義詩歌之 Williams Wordsworth文章大意：主要講了18-19 世紀，

15、英國浪漫主義（romanticism）詩歌的代表人物Williams Wordsworth的詩歌。Williams Wordsworth 是浪漫主義的鼻祖，但浪漫主義這個稱謂是后人加上去的，不是他們本身這樣稱呼自己的（此處有題）。Romanticism 不是我們平時理解的romance, 和男女之間的愛情沒關系。它針對的是common people而不是少數(shù)的educated people, 用的是 simple language, 描述的是日常生活中常見的事物，孩子，人類情感，以及自然和人類之間的互動。教授以自己為例子，說自己在散步的時候感受到了這種互動（此處有題）。于romanticism

16、 針鋒相對的一種風格是neoclassicism 新古典主義， 也是那位鼻祖反對的。Neoclassicism 使用太多的elaboration, 如 sky 不叫sky, 而叫 blue 什么的；bird 不叫bird, 而叫 feathered person.教授把該詩人的作品分為三個階段。早期的浪漫主義作品，主要描述植物的花與草。中期是對一些社會現(xiàn)象的評論。后期是對早期的作品進行修改。目前文學界還是認為他早期的作品是最好的。教授還說，他的詩越寫到后來越糟糕。題目：(click two)浪漫主義式的特點？Answer: a. 針對的是個人的情感 b. 與古典主義不同（replay）是對古典

17、主義式的描述那一段，鳥和天空。Answer：表現(xiàn)古典主義式的特征。教授對浪漫主義詩歌的態(tài)度？Answer: 目前文學界認為他的早期作品最后，后來的糟糕。教授說自己在散步的時候感受到了互動的用意？Answer：說自己在散步時感受到了這種互動，描述的是日常生活中常見的事物，孩子，人類情感，以及自然和人類之間的互動。（replay）professor: but , you wont have the luck to judge the poems of his different stages.Answer: 本文重點講了他第一階段的詩歌(conversation) 鳥類遷徙 term paper

18、of bird migrationListen to a conversation between a student and his Biology professor.S: Dr. Russell, I was hoping to discuss my term paper with you. Im getting a little bit stuck here.P: Of course, so what do you have so far Whats your topic.S: Well, I wanted to write about bird migration, but Im h

19、aving trouble finding enough sources.P: You are having trouble finding sources on bird migration?S: No, actually, on the particular aspect of bird migration that I want to write about. The thing is, I wanted to write specifically on early theories of bird migration describe some of the theories. Lik

20、e how Aristotle thought that birds changed into different species during the winter. Or how other naturalists thought that bigger birds carried smaller birds to warmer spots for the winter time. But Ive only got a couple of books to work with right now.P: Hm I have to admit that its an interesting t

21、opic, and you certainly seem excited by it. But remember I told you all to ask yourselves how your topic is going to help you show that you can apply what youve learned this semester. A summary or description is not really what Im looking for as much as your analysis of a certain topic.S: I guess it

22、s not really what were supposed to do, huhP: Right. So, how about we think about some other ideas for your paper. I mean you dont need to discard the idea completelybut take a really different focus. Um for example you could present what you think are some reasons- the rationale- behind some of the

23、erroneous theories early naturalists had. But, youll be supporting your views with current research; those are the sources youll need to seek out.S: Ok, I think I see what youre saying. So, like today today we know that lots of small birds migrate at night, but maybe cause people didnt see them- did

24、nt see the small birds migrating- they only saw bigger birds, like geese migrating during the day. They thought that the big birds were carrying the small ones under their wings.P: There you go! Thats exactly what I mean. You are showing that you are thinking about the topic, not just telling me wha

25、t you read.S: Ok, I also have a really cool example of a migratory bird that Id like to discuss in my paper. Its the Common Poorwill- I mean it seems that some Orithologists believe that the Common Poorwill really does hibernate instead of migrating- that its maybe the only bird that does.P: If I we

26、re you, I would stick just with migration research. Remember, this is only a 15 page paper.S: Ok, I see your point.P: But its great that you are finding this all so interesting. I want you to come back to see me in a week so we can take a look at the new direction in your paper and evaluate the sour

27、ces youve found in the meantime.題目：Why does the student go to se the professor?Answer: (C) he can not find enough material in writing his paper.How does the professor help the student?Answer: (A) 建議學生改變論文方向what information will the man probably include in his paper(click two)Answer: (B) analysis, (D

28、) focus on one topicWhy does the student mention that birds migrate at night?Answer: (A) 通過說這個topic 來驗證自己理解了老師的意圖。Listen again: S: Well, I wanted to write about bird migration, but Im having trouble finding enough sourcesP: you are having trouble finding sources on bird migration?Answer: (B) 教授認為找資料

29、很容易Lecture: Rafflesia( 大王花)文章：Weve been talking about plant classifications and how species belong to a family and families belong to an order, but sometimes, figuring out how we assign certain plant species to a particular order is challenging, even if the plant has. unusual characteristics. Youd t

30、hink that plants with similar characteristics would belong to the same order, but thats not always true. A good example of this is a flower, that is a flowering plantthat grows only in Malaysia and Indonesia, called Rafflesia.As you can see, Rafflesia is a pretty unusual plant. For starters, its hug

31、e. The flower can grow up to meter in width and can weigh up to seven kilospretty big, huh. There arent any other specimens in the plant world that have flowers even close to this size. But thats not the only unusual characteristics of Rafflesia, in fact, thats probably one of the least strange feat

32、ures of the plant.The plant also emits a terrible stench, like rotting meat. But again, there are other plants with bad smelling flowers. And in the case of Rafflesia, flies are attracted to that smell, and thats how the flowers get pollinated. So um Rafflesias flowers are huge and smelly. Rafflesia

33、 is also a parasite; it gets its energy from another plant instead of from the sun, which is unusual, but not unheard of in the plant kingdom. It actually grows inside its host, which is a type of grapevine. I mean it grows inside its host until it bloomsit doesnt bloom inside the host. But that lea

34、ds me to I want to tell you really quickly about another plant, a plant thats also from the forests of Southeast Asia, called Mitrastema.Now, Mitrastema is also a parasite, which led some to believe that Rafflesia was related to Mitrastemathat they belong to the same order. Mitrastema as I said is a

35、 parasite, but its flowers are much smaller, and dont smell bad, so you can see why there was debate about whether tey were related. But as it turns out, Mitrastema is actually related to blueberries. So, even plants that share an unusual characteristic with Rafflesia are not related to it. And, um

36、no plant shares all three of its unusual characteristics, and that made classifying Rafflesia very, very difficult.Now, you are probably thinking, why dont they just analyze the DNA of the plant well, as I said, Raflesia is a parasite. It lacks the leaves; the green tissue that most plants need for

37、photosynthesis. Its unable to um to capture the sunlight most other plants use to make food. So, its lacking it. it. it doesnt have the DNAthe genes for photosynthesis, which is what we ususlly use to classify plant species. But some researchers in Michigan persisted, and analyzed about 90 species o

38、f seed plants and compared them to Raflesia, and we finally had an anser. Rafflesia was part of the malpighiales order.Now, other species in the Malpighiales order include violets. um. poinsettias. uh. passion- flowers what else Willows. So it was pretty unexpected because flowers like violets are a

39、 lot smaller than Rafflesia, right and they dont smell bad they dont smell like rotting meat and they are not parasitic. It took almost 200 years to classify Rafflesia, to identify its relatives, and I dont think anyone would have ever guessed that its in the order Malpighiales. I mean you know itd

40、be nice to be able to classify species based on their obvious characteristics, but, it didnt work that way with Rafflesia. And unfortunately for Rafflesia, and for the field of botany, it seems that Rafflesia may be dying out. Its certainly endangered because of deforestation in its habitat. And to

41、make matters worse, Rafflesia doesnt reproduce very well. First of all, only 10-20% of buds turn into full fledged flowers. And it can take them a year to grow. There are also male flowers and female flowers, and one of each has to be in the same areathe same vicinityat the same time, to produce see

42、ds, and the flies that are attracted to the flowers strong smell have to carry pollen from one flower to the other, so how often do you think these events occur all together even people who study the plant for years may never witness it.中文大意：教授一開始就介紹植物分類，提到分類中的species(種)，genus(屬)，order(目)。 提出植物的分類不能

43、完全依靠flower的形態(tài)和特性。她舉了只生長在Malaysia和Indonesia 的一種植物Rafflesia.它的花很特別，超級大，可以長到一尺寬，七公斤重，有像腐肉一樣難聞的氣味，以吸引蠅類傳播花粉。它是一種寄生植物，因此不靠太陽獲取能量，而是靠他的宿主，在開花前，一直長在宿主里，但是開花開在外邊。接著教授提到生長在東南亞的另一種植物Mitrastema.這種植物也是一種寄生植物，因此有人認為它和Rafflesia 隸屬于同一目。Mitrastema 的花很小，而且味道不難聞，所以有人反對這種說法。實際上它和藍莓才是近親。由于沒有植物的特征和Rafflesia的主要特征完全相同，因此使

44、得Rafflesia的歸類相當困難。教授說，為何不用植物DNA 鑒別？因為這種大花基本上不進行光合作用，沒法提取DNA. 后來分析了很多種植物后，終于確認了Rafflesia的 order. 而令人感到意外的是，其他同一個order 的植物包括passion flower, violet, willow 等。這些植物聞起來沒有腐肉的味道，而且也不是寄生植物，因此Rafflesia 并不能依靠他的外在特征分類。后來又講了這種花可能滅絕，因為生長環(huán)境被破壞，更重要的原因是這種植物繁殖不易。首先，它需要一年成長；又要同種的花在一起，而且要有flies幫忙傳粉。要這些條件同時發(fā)生，幾率很小。題目：Wh

45、at is the lecture mainly about?Answer: (C) 植物的分類很困難。How does a strong odor help Rafflesia?Answer: (D) 吸引flies過來，幫他傳粉。Why does the professor consider the actual classification of Rafflesia unexpected?Answer: (A) 這些植物的特征和大王花不同。為什么不能用DNA分類？Answer: 不能進行光合作用。關于教授說的繁殖問題，哪項是對的？Answer: 很少有人看到他繁殖。為什么很難繁殖？（cl

46、ick two）Answer ：a. male 和 female 交配 b. fly 傳粉，兩個同時發(fā)生的幾率很小。lecture: Ragtime Music(拉格泰姆音樂)文章：P: Often times we talk about the popularity of music, but we dont always think about the role that the instruments play in their popularity. To give you an idea of what I mean, just take Ragtime music for inst

47、ance. Without the piano, Ragtime music certainly wouldnt have evolved in the late 1800s the way that it did. I mean characteristics like the keys, and the chords, made the piano suitable for playing the separate parts of the music: the melodies, rhythms, harmonies, at the same time. So, with one han

48、d you could play the melody, wile playing the harmony with the other. All the while maintaining the rhythm, all characteristic of Ragtime music. In other words, the piano allowed musicians to create the lively sound of Ragtime music unlike any other instruments of their time.And for about 20 years,

49、Ragtime music was Americas most popular music, particularly the piano rag, although some people didnt exactly embrace Ragtime, young people in general especially liked it.S: Kind of like Rock and Roll in the 50s.P: without a doubt. I mean of course Ragtime in 1900 didnt sound at all like Rock and Ro

50、ll did in 1950, but Id say thats a fair comparison. Ragtime generated the same kind of excitement that other kinds of music like Rock and eventually Rap did.S: Really? Well, with Rock and Rap, I get why they are popular, but when it comes to Ragitme, well I dont get it.P: Ok, lets take a moment to l

51、ook at what Ragtime music was about; it was fresh and new, it was the first kind of mainstream music that used African-American rhythms and that was exciting, and finally the music and even lyrics reflected the restless energy and optimism of young people. Can you see how it could capture the spirit

52、 of American youth? Just like Rock would do 50 years later?So, getting back to the piano, of all instruments. As I said before, its unique design was part of the appeal, which was well suited to the style and rhythm of Ragtime music, but there were other reasons why it was so poplar. Remember, this

53、was the time before the advent of the automobile. The piano was a symbol of respectability, a symbol of success. Other than a house, it had represented, for many families, their biggest single purchase, and even though not everyone could afford it, everyone wanted to enjoy. So, wherever you would go

54、, restaurants, theaters, the main instrument used for indoor public musical entertainment, was the piano. But lets not leave out the sound quality.Few people realize how powerful the pianos used at that time were, they used the big types of pianos then, before the smaller pianos like Spinets came in

55、to fashion. The Ragtime-era pianos could produce a sound that was so full, it would even resonate through the wooden floors of any building, be it a home, concert hall or whatever! This full sound itself had the listeners actually feeling these unique and exciting piano vibrations though their feet

56、and bones.S:Wow! I never thought of that. So they the piano and the ragtime style were perfect for each other.P: Well in a sense yes. But granted, although the pianos sound quality was exceptional, there were benefits to using other instruments to play Ragtime. For instance, events like parades, and

57、 park concerts, required instruments that were easier to transport, like the banjo and comet. Nevertheless, the piano played such a fundamental role in Ragtime. In fact, its sound quality alone contributed to piano sales peaking in 1909 roughly the mid-point of the Ragtime-era. Its no coincidence that the number of published piano rags, or sheet music, also reached their peak their very same year.S: Its too bad that Ragtime music i