現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解課件 (2)

1、上一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)下一頁(yè)主菜單現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系have been 與have gone 比較與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)have (has）+ 過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)- Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是

2、很有空)主菜單1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。(從10年前開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))She has swum since half an hour ago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)(半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單2.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).常與since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for + 一段時(shí)間，so far 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 2.

3、表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常與already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks these days, since for a long time 連用上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系 瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, come (go, arrive), die, finish, join, leave, 等。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)

4、的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 來(lái)代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。主菜單 become be, begin be on, borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in， die be dead, finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away ( from), Open- be open close- be closedEnd- be over下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單 但在否定句中，瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。如：I havent bought the bike for a year.

5、 我買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)還不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單 翻 譯 練 習(xí)： 1.我買(mǎi)了這塊手表五年了。 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.W

6、W下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單 3.他已經(jīng)回來(lái)三天了。 4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來(lái)這兒了。 5.我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。 He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock. I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.WWW下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單have been 與have g

7、one 的用法比較 have been to 意思是“到過(guò)，去過(guò)”，表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單 Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去過(guò)南京嗎？ You have never been there, have you?你以前從未去過(guò)那兒，是嗎？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year.我去過(guò)桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to

8、Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。 上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字典。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè) 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He boug

9、ht an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過(guò)去他買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說(shuō)明。主菜單二當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過(guò)去時(shí): 上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但since(自以來(lái))+某一過(guò)去時(shí)間或敘述過(guò)去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 .

10、Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.主菜單三常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的典型的 表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ):上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天),just now(剛才)， 時(shí)間+ ago, last +時(shí)間 等; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .主菜單上一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)主菜單動(dòng) 詞 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) tha

11、t already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasn

12、t she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單選用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen eac

13、h other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單用Have been to, have gone t

14、o, have been in 填空Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for

15、 you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單改 錯(cuò)1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has

16、 gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單The house is dirty. We _it for weeks.A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. -_the sports meeting might be put off.-Yes, it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3. - Im sorry to keep you

17、waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had

18、 been planning D have been planning6. -When will they leave ?-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave7 -Was he studying for an exam ? -Yes , he was_ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9. She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts (1