在食物診斷的趨向和需要(1)ppt課件

1、Trends and Needs in Food DiagnosticsLarissa Kahr - BIT, AustriaMalin Brnnback - TEKES, FinlandGabriela von Blankenfeld-Enkvist - TEKES, FinlandAim of the StudyInvestigate technological trends and needs in Food DiagnosticsUnderstand the factors that shape and influence the development of this field.F

2、ocusBackground on food safety management toolsDescription of the methods currently used and new methods developedThe market for food diagnostics DefinitionsFood Diagnostics applies modern methods developed in human in vitro diagnostic to foodRapid Methods comprises different types of testsMiniaturis

3、ed biochemical kits Antibody-based testsNucleic acid hybridisation-based tests Manual, semi-automated or fully automatedDetectionBacteria, viruses, parasites, chemicals, biotoxins, heavy metals and prionsIn all steps of the food chain - from raw materials to end products Food as test matrixExtremely

4、 varied in its chemical compositionContains many different ingredientsMight contain an intrinsic microbial floraFrame Food SafetyProcess control is more efficient than product control The safety of a product with low defect rates cannot be guaranteed through sampling and testingThe focus is changing

5、 from end-product testing to HACCP This has to be considered when developing new methods within the conceptual frame of food safetyMicrobiological methods can be divided into “traditional or “conventional methods and rapid methods Conventional MethodsConventional methods rely on culturing microorgan

6、sims onto agar platesLaborious and time-consuming 84% of all tests arebased on counting viable cellsRequired by national and international regulatory agencies for official controlRapid MethodsAdvantages in analysis time Possibility to eliminate labour intensive steps Potential for automation However

7、, lengthy incubation procedures are still necessary First one-shift methods under developmentELISA and PCR are dominatingLack of a common validation procedure Mostly not accepted for official control purposesMethodsAdvances in Viable Cell Count MethodsMiniaturisation and Diagnostic Kits, Biochemical

8、 Identification Techniques Antibody-based methodsImmunomagnetic SeparationNucleic acid-based assaysBiosensorsMicroarraysFlow CytometryBacteriophage-Based TechniquesATP bioluminescenceAdenylate kinase bioluminescenceRiboprinting and Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis Viable cell countingWill remain impo

9、rtant for the assessment of safety and quality of food productsdevelopment of semi-automated alternative methodsnew methods are based on growth and metabolic activity Microscopic methodsflow cytometry and cell sorting (FACS)ImmunoassaysELISA (with dipstick technology), ImmunochromatographyFully auto

10、mated systems already on the marketNew recombinant antibodies and molecular imprinting techniques to improve sensitivity and versatilityImmunomagnetic Separation Speed up enrichment stepsNo detection method itselfCombination with different end-detection methods to improve - Speed and sensitivity - S

11、ample throughput - User friendliness- Automation expected in the next future Nucleic acid based assayDirectly or after amplification with PCRDevelopment of homogenous assays and automation improves routine use and reduces false positive results after PCRNew assay formats under developmentBiosensors

12、and MicroarraysOn-line or on-site, sensitive, low-cost, rapid methods for routine-use Prototypes under development Have high potential for automationSimple and portable equipment can be designed Applications within quality and process control, control of fermentation processes, quality and safety co

13、ntrol of raw materials and for HACCP monitoring Hygiene monitoringNeed to develop real time methods to monitor cleaning procedure Methods should be cheap, robustATP bioluminescence, Adenylate kinase, biosensor applications might be further developedMethods ImplementationIn housealternative methods f

14、or viable cell countshygiene monitoringchemical analysisOutsourcingpathogen testingThe Market for Food DiagnosticsDefinitionsFood Analysis: all food testingFood Diagnostics: food testing with rapid methods Microbiological Testing: all testing for microorganisms Food Microbiological Testing: all test

15、ing for microorganisms in food and beveragesThe Market for Food DiagnosticsSome figures Food analysis global market 1.1 billion Shared by about 50 companiesUSA and Europe make up about 2/3565 million global sales for Food microbiological tests Rapid methods 115 million or a 20% total market shareTec

16、hnologySales ($US millions)Market Share (%)ELISA/EIA7061DNA2522Impedance109Flow Cytometry54ATP 54Total115100Food Analysis (million) Food Diagnostics (million)% Food Diagnostics(million)Food pathogens97,51315 %Spoilage 22037,517 %Chemical contaminants5319,540 %Process chemicals1201610 %Total490,586Va

17、lidationAOAC validation body in the U.S. NordVal and MicroVal are the Nordic and European bodiesProblem: lack of a common validation procedureInhibits establishment of rapid methods ConclusionsMany new methods and technologies are being developedIncreased sample throughput and efficiency through aut

18、omation The market for rapid methods is small Penetration of rapid methods has been slowLack of a common validation procedure inhibits acceptance of new methods The incentive to transfer technologies might be too lowRecommendationsMicroarrays and biosensors should be technologically evaluatedNew market opportunities within quality and process control should be explored The development of new methods should always include