跨文化交際語篇差異對比分析課件

1、第七章語篇結(jié)構(gòu)差異的對比分析Request letter 1 Dear xxx, How are you? I hope you had a fabulous Chinese New Year holiday. I cannot believe it has almost been 4.5 years since I graduated from PolyU (language for Business 2001-2004) and although I have always wanted to study more in the past few years, working life s

2、eems to have occupied most of my time. Last time I happened to be looking at the university website and noticed that many of the staff who taught me before have left the department already, so next time I drop by I suppose I will see a number of new faces. As the economy situation is going down hill

3、 at the moment, I thought I must do something to improve my personal skills and get more qualifications, therefore I am planning to take action in my study plan and apply for a master course at CU. Do you think would it be possible for you to kindly help me write one of my references? I know this co

4、uld be taking up some of your time while you are busy with the semester. If it is not so convenient, please let me know. :D Thank you very much in advance. I look forward to hearing from you soon and all the best in 2009. Good health too! Best regards, xxxRequest letter 2 Dear xxx, I hope you are ke

5、eping well. Xxx and I are co-editing a Handbook of xxx for xxx (apply titled The xxx Handbook of xxx!). We are hoping that you will be interested in contributing a chapter on: What can xxx tell us about language teaching? Xxx is offering xxx as a fee for this. We are in the process of finalising dea

6、dlines bus we can say that the first draft of the chapter would be due around August/September2009. The chapter length is 7,000 words inclusive. If you agree to accept the invitation to contribute, we will send you more details and guidelines. Xxx will also send you a contract. We would be grateful

7、therefore if you could providing us with the mailing address you wish to use for correspondence. We look forward to hearing from you. Please feel free to get back to us with any questions that you may have. All bests, Xxx and xxx一、漢語和英語的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)差異 思維方式存在差異，導(dǎo)致其語篇組織結(jié)構(gòu)也會(huì)因文化而異。 對于學(xué)習(xí)外語的人來講，盡管掌握了目的語的語法規(guī)則，但因缺乏

8、對目的語語篇組織規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)或敏感性，常常會(huì)無意識(shí)地把本族語的語篇組織規(guī)則遷移到目的語中去，因而造成語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的的差異，導(dǎo)致交際失誤。思維模式 (Robert B. Kaplan)：漢語和朝語英語拉丁語俄語閃米特語中國：受“天人合一”及“關(guān)系”取向的影響，思維方式以直覺，具體和圓型為特征。漢語的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)主流傾向呈現(xiàn)為一種逐步達(dá)到高潮的方式，層層遞進(jìn)，起承轉(zhuǎn)合，漸入佳境，畫龍點(diǎn)睛。漢語語篇表達(dá)中，表示因果、條件、轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步等關(guān)系的句式比較常用，成為漢語語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的形式特征之一。如： 因?yàn)锳，B，C，所以D。 如果A，B，C，那么D。 雖然A，B，C，但是D。 盡管A，B，C，然而D。（一）漢語語篇結(jié)構(gòu)

9、的思路歸納式（Inductive）西方（英語國家）：思維方式在語篇結(jié)構(gòu)上的投射表現(xiàn)為分析、抽象、顯性的特征。開門見山、直入主題。談話、寫文章習(xí)慣于把話題放在最前面，引起聽話人或讀者的重視?！肮痹凇耙颉敝啊＃ǘ┯⒄Z語語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的思路演繹式（Deductive）Request letter 1 Dear xxx, How are you? I hope you had a fabulous Chinese New Year holiday. I cannot believe it has almost been 4.5 years since I graduated from PolyU (l

10、anguage for Business 2001-2004) and although I have always wanted to study more in the past few years, working life seems to have occupied most of my time. Last time I happened to be looking at the university website and noticed that many of the staff who taught me before have left the department al

11、ready, so next time I drop by I suppose I will see a number of new faces. As the economy situation is going down hill at the moment, I thought I must do something to improve my personal skills and get more qualifications, therefore I am planning to take action in my study plan and apply for a master

12、 course at CU. Do you think would it be possible for you to kindly help me write one of my references? I know this could be taking up some of your time while you are busy with the semester. If it is not so convenient, please let me know. :D Thank you very much in advance. I look forward to hearing f

13、rom you soon and all the best in 2009. Good health too! Best regards, xxxRequest letter 2 Dear xxx, I hope you are keeping well. Xxx and I are co-editing a Handbook of xxx for xxx (apply titled The xxx Handbook of xxx!). We are hoping that you will be interested in contributing a chapter on: What ca

14、n xxx tell us about language teaching? Xxx is offering xxx as a fee for this. We are in the process of finalising deadlines bus we can say that the first draft of the chapter would be due around August/September2009. The chapter length is 7,000 words inclusive. If you agree to accept the invitation

15、to contribute, we will send you more details and guidelines. Xxx will also send you a contract. We would be grateful therefore if you could providing us with the mailing address you wish to use for correspondence. We look forward to hearing from you. Please feel free to get back to us with any quest

16、ions that you may have. All bests, Xxx and xxx東西方篇章結(jié)構(gòu)之差異（P398）西方文化東方文化直線式圓式（迂回式）逆潮式逐步達(dá)到高潮式“路標(biāo)”式連接手段時(shí)空順序，自然鋪排式重過程，重原因重結(jié)果，重內(nèi)容解決問題式現(xiàn)象羅列式實(shí)例一：一次商業(yè)談判的錄音片段 Irving: Oscar, anything else to add? Your line of business is, again, quite different from what PK and Tony have. And, in your line of business, I pres

17、ume market information will be quite important. Oscar: Yes. What have been mentioned previously by the three gentlemen, I think they are quite sufficient to cover all the basic requirement of a salesman, need something different. Because the volume of making sales in textiles is about at least to ov

18、er ten thousand U.S. dollars, sometimes. So that is the problem! That is whenever anybody who makes a decision to buy such Willing to pay such amount, well make sure their financial aid is strong! And, then? Such sometimes the market may suddenly drop in textile. Maybe were willing to buy one month

19、ago, but may not be buyingwant to buy now! Things like that! So, for a salesman, also have to understand about the financial situation and things like that.天氣如何影響文化的一段談話錄音 Climate affects the culture of a country. Men must learn to live within the limitations of their environment, and climate is an

20、important part of the physical environment. Life in a tropical country is less strenuous and more casual than it is in a temperate one. Men work shorter hours and less vigorously in a hot climate. They cannot play hard either. They tire easily. They can relax by reading, by sipping cool drinks, or b

21、y listening to soothing music. They must try to conserve their energy. The wisest ones learn to respect the demands of Nature.實(shí)例二：實(shí)例三：What Does Modern Science Bring us? The question “What does modern science bring us?” has always provoked great debate. Some people argue that science should been resp

22、onsible for pollution and has brought us the nuclear bomb that threatens our existence. In addition, they point out that cloning has shaken the foundation of moral codes. However, compared with the negative aspects, I think, the blessing of science is more evident. As we see, the vast improvements m

23、ade in the field of medicine have served to lengthen our life expectancy and to reduce the rate of infant morality. Whats more, the discovery of mechanization, better seeds, better technique of irrigation and pest control has worked to increase the productivity levels on farms. As to transportation,

24、 the railway, modern ocean liner, jet plane, and motor vehicles have made our lives more comfortable and convenient, as well as provide more chances for commercial and industrial development. Besides, the invention of the computer has assisted a lot in our life and work. In general, the advantages of science far outweigh its disadvantages. And in most cases, it is not science itself but human beings misuse of it that brings us undesirable results. Therefore, it is no doubt that we should continue developing science and take full advantage of it.議論文 Al