09年英語詞匯學(xué)模擬試卷與參考答案2

1、英語詞匯學(xué)模擬試卷CI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false （每小題1 分，共 10 分）The most important mode of vocabulary development in present - day English is creation of new words by means of word formation.Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borrowed

2、from Latin and Scandinavian.Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings.Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stem.Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.Motivation explains why a particula

3、r form has a particular meaning.Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech tenses of verbs and stylistic features ofwords.Unlike conceptual meaning ， associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.Affective meaning refers to the part of the word - meaning which indicates the attitude of the

4、 user.Collocation can affect the meaning of words.Complete the following statements or passages with proper expressions according to the text （每小題 1 分，共 8 分）1. The definitionof a wordcomprises the followingpoints ： _； _ ； _；_.There is no _ relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or a

5、n idea and the actual thing and idea itself.The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on _. The mostproductive are _ ， _ and _.4. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding _ or _ to stems.According to the positions which affixes occupy in words， affixati

6、on falls into two subclasses ：_ and _.When a word is first coined ， it is always _. But in the course of development ， the same symbol must be used to express more meanings， the result is _.The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with fromtwo different angl

7、es ： _ and _.7. The development of word - meaning from monosemy to polysemy followstwo courses，traditionally known as _ and _.8. Perfect homonyms are words identical both in _ and _ ， but different in _.III. Choose a suitable word to fill in each bland（每小題1 分，共 16）He mounted his _ （ gee - gee， steed

8、）。He got on his _ （ gee - gee， steed）。The corns are heavy and _ （ ripe， mature）。4.She is in some way _ （ ripe， mature） and some ways rather a child.5.After sustained effort ， they have found _（effective ， efficient ） ways of reducingpollution.To run the business more profitably ， you need an _ （ eff

9、ective ， efficient ） production manager.7. I was so _ （ fatigued ， tired ） as to be obliged to retire at the same time as the _children ， kids）。8. I was so _ （ fatigued ， tired ） that I had to go to bed as early as the _ （ children ，kids）。9. When he asked me to dance， I _（ refused， declined） politel

10、y.10.He _（ refused， declined ） to accept the political advice which was offered.11.The fridge smelled strongly of _（ addled， rancid）。12.An _（ addled， rancid） egg is one that has gone bad.13._ （ Penalties， Fines） for overdue books will be strictly enforced.14.You have got to pay _ （ penalties， fines）

11、 for overdue books.15.The teacher _ （ accused， rebuked） the student for being impudent.16.The writer _ （ accused， rebuked） the critic of failing to do justice to his maiden work.IV . Explain the following terms （每小題5 分，共 20 分）1. word2. reference3. semantic field4. monolingual and bilingual dictionar

12、iesV. Complete the following idioms （每小題1 分，共 20 分）Deeds are fruits， _.Being on sea， sail； _.All are not friends _.A stitch in time _.It is an ill wind _.If you run after two hares ， _.Never put off till tomorrow _.Soon learnt ， _.Penny wise， _.Good advice _.All work and no play _.He cannot speak we

13、ll _.Many a little _.Two eyes can see _.Waste not， _.6. More haste _.There are two sides _.As they sow ， _.Many hands _.He that loves the tree _.A. save nineB. pound foolishC. that cannot hold his tongueD. loves the branchE. that speak us fairF. more than oneG. you willcatch neitherH. want notI.bein

14、g on land ， settleJ. soon forgottenK. is beyond priceL. to every questionM.that blows nobody goodN. so let them reapO. makes a mickleP. what may be donetodayQ. made lightworkR. words are but leavesS. makes Jack a dull boyT.less speedVI. Questions and answers （每小題13 分，共 26 分）Explain the characteristi

15、cs of the three different period of the English development.What is the classification idioms ？英語詞匯學(xué)模擬試卷C 答案I.1. T2. T3. F4. F5. T6. T7. F8. T9. T10. T1. a minimal free from of a language ； a sound unity ； a unit of meaning ； a form that canfunction alone in a sentence2. logical3. word - formation ；

16、 affixation ； compounding ；conversion4. word-forming ； derivationalaffixes ； prefixation ； suffixation5.monosemic； polysemy6.diachronicapproach； synchronic approach7. radiation ；concatenation8. sound； spelling； meaningIII.1. steed2. gee - gee3. ripe4. mature5. effective6. efficient7.fatigued ， child

17、ren8.tired ， kids9. declined10. refused11. rancid12.addled13. Penalties14. fines15. rebuked16. accusedIV.1. Word： The definition of a word comprises the following points： （1） a minimal freeform of a language ；（ 2） a sound unity ；（ 3） a unit of meaning ；（ 4） a form that can functionalone in a sentenc

18、e. Therefore ， a word is a minimalfree form of a language that has a givensound and meaning and syntactic function.2. Reference： Reference is the relationship between language and the world. By means ofreference， a speaker indicates which things in the world are being talked about In other words，onl

19、y when a connection has been established between the linguistic sign and a referent does thesign become meaningful. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary andconventional. Although reference is a kind of abstraction， yet with the help of context， it canrefer to somethin

20、g specific.Semantic field ： The massive word store of a language like English can be conceived of as composed around a number of meaning areas ， some large， others smaller. Viewing the totalmeaning n this way is the basis of field theory. According to Triers vision of fields， the wholevocabulary can

21、 be divided up into fields. Words in each field are semantically related and define one another. It is a general brief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself ， but it ratherspreads over the semantic field and help pin down the meaning. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change：

22、old items drop out ， new items come in ， and as the new replace the old， sothe internal relations of the whole set alter. Another point worth noting is that the semantic field ofthe same concept may not have the same members in different languages.4. Monolingual and bilingual dictionaries： Monolingu

23、al dictionaries are written in onelanguage. That is the headword or entries are defined and illustrated in the same language. Themonolingualdictionary is rather a late development because theearliest dictionaries wereallbilingual. Bilingual dictionaries involve two languages. The main entries are ge

24、nerally defined orexplained inthe same language withtranslations； Anotherkindof bilingualdictionaryisinwhich the Chinese words and expressions are translated into English.V.1. R2. I3. E4. A5. M6. G7. P8. J9. B10. K11. S12. C13. O14. F15. H16. T17. L18. N19. Q20.DVI.1. （ 1） Old English（ 450 1150）。 Af

25、ter the Romans ， the Germanic tribes calledAngles ， Saxons， and Jutes came in great numbers. Soon they permanent control of the land ，which was to be called England. Their language， historicallyknown as Anglo - Saxon，dominated and almost totally blotted out the Celtic. Now people generally refer to

26、Anglo - Saxonas Old English. The introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English vocabulary. Inthe 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders，many Scandinavian words came intothe English languages. OldEnglish has a vocabularyofabout 50000

27、 60000 words. It wasa highly inflected language just like modern German.Therefore ， nouns， pronouns， adjectives， verbs， and adverbs had complex endings or vowel changes， or both ， which differ greatly from the language that we use today. （ 2） Middle English （ 1150 1500）。 The Norman Conquest in 1066

28、started a continual flow of French wordsinto English and Norman French became the polite speech. But by the end of the 13th century ， English gradually came back. During this period ， Britain had trade relations with Holland and asa result， as many as 2500 words of Dutch origin found their way into

29、English. （ 3） Modern English. Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England. During the Renaissance， enormous numbers of Latin words became part of English vocabulary. In the mid -seventeenth century， British tentacles began stretching out to every corner of the globe， thusenabl

30、ing English to absorb words languages of the world. Since the beginning of this century，thousands of new words have been created to express new ideas， inventions ， and scientific achievements. In modern English ， word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions. It can be concluded that Engl

31、ish has evolved from a synthetic language to the present analytic language from all major.According to the grammatical functions ， idioms may be classified into five groups ：1） Idioms nominal in nature. Idioms of this class have a noun as the key word in eachand function as a noun in sentence.2） Idi

32、oms adjectival in nature. All the idioms of this kind function as adjectives butthe constituents are not adjectives.3） Idioms verbal in nature. This is the largest group of all. The structures of suchidioms are quite complex and thus can be subdivided into phrasal verbs and other verb phrases.Phrasa

33、l verbs are idioms which are composed of a verb plus a prep and / or a particle.4） Idioms adverbial in nature. This class contains numerous prepositional phrases ，which in nature are either adjectival or adverbial and in many cases have both functions at the same time.5） Sentence idioms. All idioms

34、of this category are complete sentences. They are mainly proverbs and sayings ， including colloquialisms and catchphrases. As far as sentence types are concerned， they embrace declarative， interrogative ， imperative and exclamative sentence. In terms of complexity they can be further divided into si

35、mple ， compound and complex sentences.英語詞匯學(xué)模擬試卷DI. Complete the following statement or passage with proper expressions. （每題 1 分，共 10 分）Archaisms are words no longer in _ use or _ in use.A word whose meaning was borrowed from another language is called _.The Indo - European language is made up of mos

36、t of the languages of _ ； _；_.A bound root is that part of the word that carries the _ meaning just like a _. In English ， bound roots are either _ or _.Affixes are forms that are _ to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. We can put them into two groups ： _ and _.The expansion of vo

37、cabulary in modern English depends chiefly on _. The mostproductive are _ ， _ and _.A compound is a unit consisting of more than one stem and functioning both _ and_ as a single word.When a word is first coined ， it is always _. But in the course of development ， the same symbol must be used to expr

38、ess more meanings， the result is _.Synonyms can be defined as one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same _ meaning.Synonyms can be classified into two major groups ： _ and _.II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. （每題 1 分，共 10

39、分）Old English was a highly inflected language. （ ）Modern English is considered to be an analytic language. （ ）3. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present - day English is creation of new words by means of word formation. （ ）Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign w

40、ords but with little change in word endings. （ ）The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of the stems. （ ）A compound functions as a single grammatical unit ， so the internal structure can not bechanged. （ ）7. Such words as the poorer， the departed， a Republican are all examples of partia

41、l conversion. （ ）Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns ， verbs and adverbs. （ ）Semantic unity and structural stability are general features of idioms ， but there are many exceptions. （ ）Idioms are characterized by terseness， expressiveness and vividness. （ ）III. Fill in each bland with a wor

42、d contrary in meaning to the word given in the bracket. （每題 2分，共 20分）1.Beads and shells are _ forms of money. （modern ）2.I have finished all the exercises ， I am _ done. （ partly ）3.On a humid day ， there is a lot of _ in the air.（ dryness）4.Mosquitoes wont bite just anyone. They look for someone _.

43、 （ ordinary ）5.If you want to drive ， it is _ to have a drivers license.（ unnecessary）6.There is a great _ in our political beliefs. We agree on most things.（ difference ）7.The man said， I am _. I didnt do it ！ （ guilty ）8.The soldier stood in a _ position while the general walked past him.（ relaxed

44、）9.You will have to _ the string in order to open the box.（ tighten ）10. No one lives in that _ house.（ inhabited ）IV . Explain the following terms ： （每題 5 分，共 20 分）1. word2. affixes3. concept4. hyponymyV. Fill in the blanks with the following verbal phrases in their suitable forms ： （每題 1 分，20 分）ta

45、ke on； break into ； bite into ； go about； let out ； draw up； set down； hold on to ； bring up； make out； dry up； put out； live through ； set off ； call for ； tear apart； buy off ； build in ； count on； sink in1. 1848 was a year of revolution in Europe ； Karl Marx and Frederick Engels published the Com

46、munist Manifesto ， and political demonstration _ the great cities of Paris ， Vienna ， Naples and Berlin.With liberal doses of calomel ， rhubarb and castor oil ， he slowly improved ， and after three weeks， he _ his trousers and was eager to escape from his bed.He travelled to foundling homes ， prison

47、s and lunatic asylums in his search for people.We _ at top speed through the narrow streets of Hiroshima.I was just about to make my little bow of assent， when the meaning of these last words_， jolting me out of my sad reverie.No one talks about it any more ， and no one wants to， especially， the peo

48、ple who were born here or who _ it.7. During dinner Mr. Churchill said that a German attack on Russia was now certain， and hethought that Hitler was _ enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country andthe U. S. A.8. My husband and I find strong smoke offensive. Would you kindly _ tha

49、t _？Assuming the hotel man was _ ， their only chance - a slim one - lay in removing the car quickly.When railroads began _ the demand for steamboat pilots and the Civil War haltedcommerce， Mark Twain left the country.By the time the trial began on July 10 ， our town of 1500 people had _ a circus.Amo

50、ng them was John Butler ， who had _ the anti - evolution law.Then the court _ a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan.The first - and essential - step in the study of any language is observing and _ precisely what happens when native speakers speak it.By 1976 ， the slump had begun to _ the

51、 bulk - carrier trade.The key tactic behind its strategy of _ the richest slice of the trade has been to move up - market - to go where the Third World cannot follow into high - technology investment.Sailors and officers _ their chores as usual on these ships ， amid piping and loudspeaker squawks.Mr

52、. Hopkins has _ your name. He appears impressed ， and the President too， by your expertise on landing craft and so forth.He _ a Southern war whoop. In a flash ， John， Mckean and Franklin crowded around him.Mr. Jefferson ， I cant quite _ what it is youre talking about.VI. Questions and answers： （每題 1

53、0 分，共 20 分）What is extra - linguistic context ？What is back - formation ？英語詞匯學(xué)模擬試卷D 答案I.1. common ； obsolete.2. semantic loan.3. European； the Near East ； India.4. fundamental ； free root ； Latin ； Greek.5. attached； inflectional ； derivational.6.word - formation ； affixation ， compounding ； convers

54、ion.7. grammatically ； semantically.8.monosemic； polysemy.9. essential.10. absolute synonyms； relative synonymsII.1. T2. T3. T4. F5.F6. T7. F8. F9. T10. TIII.1. old - fashioned2. completely3. moisture4. special5. essential6.similarity7. innocent8. rigid9. loosen10. desertedIV.1. The definition of a

55、word comprises the following points： （ 1） a minimal free form of alanguage； （ 2） a sound unity ；（ 3） a unit of meaning ；（ 4） a form that can function alone in a sentence. Therefore， a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2. Affixes are f

56、orms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning orfunction. Almost all affixes are bound morphemes because few can be used as independent words. According to the function of affixes ， we can put them into two groups： inflectional and derivational affixes. Affixes attached to the e

57、nd of words to indicate grammatical relationships areinflectional ， thus known as inflectional morphemes. Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes come before the word and the suffi

58、xes after the word.3. Concept， which is beyond language is the result of human cognition ， reflecting the objective world in the human mind ， It is universal to all men alike regardless of culture ，restricted to language use. Therefore ， a concept can have as many referring expressions as thereare l

59、anguages in the world.4. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is， the meaning ofa more specific word is included in that of another more general word. These words are known as hyponyms. For instance ， tulip and rose are hyponyms of flower ， the general word flower is thes

60、uperordinate terms and the more specific ones tulip ， rose are the subordinate terms. Hyponymy can be described in terms of tree - like graphs ， with higher - order superordinates above the lower subordinates. But their status either as superordinate or subordinate is relative to other terms.V.1.tor