鄭州大學雙學位——項目管理概念ppt課件

1、1Project Management 2345 PMI工程管理協(xié)會)是全球領先的工程管理行業(yè)的倡導者，它發(fā)明性地制定了行業(yè)規(guī)范，并正在構(gòu)筑不斷擴展的專業(yè)知識體系，讓工程管理從業(yè)人員成為各自所在組織不斷變革、創(chuàng)新開展的推進力量。PMI目前擁有來自全球150多個國家和地域的近22萬多名會員，該協(xié)會正積極地為業(yè)界樹立規(guī)范、從事科學研討、傳播專業(yè)知識、促進展業(yè)開展，并拓展職業(yè)前景。此外它還提供教育和認證效力，促進會員間的交流溝通和商機拓展。 PMI的專業(yè)人員幾乎分布在每個主要行業(yè)，包括航空、汽車、商業(yè)管理、建筑、工程、金融效力、信息技術、制藥、醫(yī)療和電信。 PMI的工程管理知識體系(PMBOK )和

2、工程管理專業(yè)人員PMP 資歷認證自2000年由中國外國專家局引入中國以來，迄今已有超越20萬人次接受了工程管理的培訓，1萬多人經(jīng)過認證考試并獲得美國工程管理專業(yè)人員證書PMP )。6擁有PMP認證的人士在兩到三年后的平均薪資為64400美圓(比擁有類似閱歷，但沒有獲得認證的同事多15.6%)擁有PMP認證的人士在五到九年后的平均薪資為94340美圓(比沒有獲得認證的同事多17.2%)擁有PMP認證的人士在十年后的平均薪資為102000美圓(比沒有獲得認證的同事多13.3%)7PMP 試題分布 考試時間：4個小時考題總量：200題計分題量：175題考題類型：4選1 單項選擇及格規(guī)范：答對141題

3、80.6%考試題分布： 啟動Initiation： 11%規(guī)劃Plan：23%執(zhí)行Execution： 27% 監(jiān)控Monitor & Control： 21%收尾Close：9% 職業(yè)品德Professional Resp：9%100% 8狀態(tài)班 號上 課日 期費 用考前輔導班（五天）12月班 12月16日(周六)12月17日(周日)12月22日(周五)12月23日(周六)12月24日(周日) ￥ 元含教材資料模 考 班（三天）與考前輔導班同步學習￥ 元單報備注：首次參加培訓的學員，要求同時參加?？及?。備注：模考班適合已經(jīng)參加過項目管理培訓，并獲得了35學時PDU學分的學員；或者首次考試未通

4、過準備重考的學員！備注：學習結(jié)束，頒發(fā)美國項目管理協(xié)會PMI授權(quán)的35小時PDU培訓證書。9Part 1 The Life of a Project工程生命周期10Chapter 1 Project Management ConceptsProvides an overview of project management concepts, the project life cycle, and the steps in the project management process. the definition of a project and its attributes the key

5、constraints within which a project must be managed how a project is “born the life of a project the steps involved in the project management process the benefits of project management工程管理概念111.1 Attributes of a projectA project is an endeavor to accomplish a specific objective through a unique set o

6、f interrelated tasks and the effective utilization of resources. What is a Project? 工程 project 就是以一套獨特而相互聯(lián)絡的義務為前提，有效地利用資源，為實現(xiàn)一個特定的目的所做的努力。12事目的人的各種努力13 A project has a well-defined objective _an expected result or product.The objective of a project is usually defined in terms of scope, schedule, and

7、 cost. 工程有一個明確界定的目的 objective ) ： 一個期望的結(jié)果或產(chǎn)品。14 A project is carried out through a series of interdependent tasks.that is, a number of nonrepetitive tasks that need to be accomplished in a certain sequence in order to achieve the project objective.工程的執(zhí)行要經(jīng)過完成一系列相互關聯(lián)的義務。許多不反復的義務以一定的順序完成15 A project ut

8、ilizes various resources to carry out the tasks. Such resources can include different people, organizations, equipment, materials, and facilities. 工程需運用各種資源來執(zhí)行義務。資源能夠包括不同的人力、組織、設備、原資料和工具。16 A project has a specific time frame, or finite life span. It has a start time and a date by which the objectiv

9、e must be accomplished. 工程有詳細的時間方案或壽命期限。一個開場時間和到期日17Some projects-like designing and building a space stationare unique because they have never before been attempted. Other projects, such as developing a new product, building a house, or planning a wedding, are unique because of the customization re

10、quired. A project may be a unique or one-time endeavor.工程能夠是獨一無二的、一次性的努力。18The customer is the entity that provides the funds necessary to accomplish the projectit can be a person, an organization, or a group of two or more people or organizations. The person managing the project and the project tea

11、m must successfully accomplish the project objective to satisfy the customer(s). A project has a customer.每個工程都有客戶?？蛻羰菫檫_成目的而提供必要資金的實體，它能夠是某個人或組織，或是由兩個以上的人或組織構(gòu)成的一個團隊。19Before a project is started, a plan is prepared based on certain assumptions and estimates. A project is based on a unique set of tas

12、ks and estimates of how long each task should take, various resources and assumptions about the availability and capability of those resources, and estimates of the costs associated with the resources. Finally, a project involves a degree of uncertainty.工程包含一定的不確定性。工程是基于每項義務將要耗用的時間估計、各種資源可得性的假定，以及與其

13、相關的本錢假定。這種假定和估計結(jié)合在一同就產(chǎn)生了一定程度的不確定性。20The following are some examples of projects:Staging a theatrical productionDeveloping and introducing a new productPlanning a weddingDesigning and implementing a computer systemModernizing a factoryHolding a high school reunionBuilding a shopping mallPerforming a

14、series of surgeries on an accident victim Putting on a centennial celebrationHosting a dinner for twenty relativesDesigning a business internship program for high school studentsBuilding a tree house21projecta well-defined objectivea series of interdependent tasksutilizing various resourcesa specifi

15、c time framea unique or one-time endeavora customera degree of uncertainty22The successful accomplishment of the project objective is usually constrained by four factors: scope, cost, schedule, and customer satisfaction. 工程目的的勝利實現(xiàn)通常受四個要素制約：任務范圍、本錢、進度方案和客戶稱心度。23The scope of a projectalso known as the

16、 project scope or the work scopeis all the work that must be done in order to satisfy the customer that the deliverables (the tangible product or items to be provided) meet the requirements or acceptance criteria agreed upon at the onset of the project.工程范圍 project scope ，也稱任務范圍work scope ，即為使客戶稱心而必

17、需做的一切任務。要使客戶稱心。交付物 deliverables ，有形產(chǎn)品或所提供的東西就要滿足工程開場時所指定的接受規(guī)范與要求。24The cost of a project is the amount the customer has agreed to pay for acceptable project deliverables. The project cost is based on a budget that includes an estimate of the costs associated with the various resources that will be u

18、sed to accomplish the project. 工程本錢 cost 就是客戶贊同為一個可接受的工程交付物所支付的費用。工程本錢以預算為根底。預算是與完成工程所需的各種資源有關的本錢估計，它能夠包括將用于支付工程的雇員的薪水、原資料供應、設備和工具租金，以及擔任執(zhí)行某些工程義務的分包商和咨詢商的費用。25The schedule for a project is the timetable that specifies when each activity should start and finish. The project objective usually states t

19、he time by which the project scope must be completed in terms of a specific date agreed upon by the customer and the individual or organization performing the work. 工程進度方案 schedule 是每項活動該當在什么時候開場和終了的詳細時間表。通常根據(jù)客戶與執(zhí)行任務的個人或組織商定的詳細日期來規(guī)定工程范圍必需完成的時間。26任何工程目的都要在一定時間和在預算內(nèi)完成任務范圍，并使客戶稱心。The objective of any p

20、roject is to complete the scope within budget by a certain time to the customers satisfaction. It is important to develop a plan before the start of the project; this plan should include all the work tasks, associated costs, and estimates of the time necessary to complete them. 為使客戶稱心，良好的方案和溝通對于防止問題

21、產(chǎn)生及處理，都是絕對必要的。27Factors Constraining Project SuccessProjectSuccessscopecostschedulecustomer satisfaction281.2 Project life cycleProjects are “born when a need is identified by the customerthe people or the organization willing to provide funds to have the need satisfied. 當客戶識別出需求時，工程就誕生了。29This firs

22、t phase the identification of a need, problem, or opportunity and can result in the customers requesting proposals from individuals, a project team, or organizations (contractors) to address the identified need or solve the problem. The need and requirements are usually written up by the customer in

23、 a document called a request for proposal (RFP). 對需求、問題或是時機確實認，并促使客戶向承約商咨詢工程建議書。需求建議書客戶可以要求承約商提交其如何在本錢約束和進度方案下處理問題的建議書。30The second phase the development of a proposed solution to the need or problem. This phase results in the submission of a proposal to the customer by one or more individuals or or

24、ganizations (contractors) who would like to have the customer pay them to subsequently implement the proposed solution. After the customer evaluates the submissions and selects the winning proposal, the customer and the winning contractor negotiate and sign a contract (agreement). 提出處理需求或問題的方案。承約商向客

25、戶提交建議書 proposal ) ，并希望客戶為勝利執(zhí)行處理方案而付酬勞。客戶評價了懇求書并選出一個優(yōu)勝方案后，與中標的承約商將協(xié)商簽署一份合同。31The third phase of the project life cycle is the implementation of the proposed solution. This phase, referred to as performing the project, involves doing the detailed planning for the project and then implementing that pla

26、n to accomplish the project objective. During the course of performing the project, different types of resources will be utilized. 執(zhí)行處理方案。包括為工程制定詳細的方案，然后執(zhí)行方案以實現(xiàn)工程目的。在執(zhí)行工程期間，將會用到不同類型的資源。32The final phase of the project life cycle is terminating the project. When a project is completed, certain close-

27、out activities need to be performed, such as confirming that all deliverables have been provided to and accepted by the customer, that all payments have been collected. An important task during this phase is evaluating performance of the project in order to learn what could be improved if a similar

28、project were to be carried out in the future. 終止工程。當工程終了時，某些掃尾任務仍需完成。33The four phases of the project life cycle and the relative amount of effort and time devoted to each phase.34First phase AIdentifying the need or problemSecond phase BThird phase CFourth phase DDeveloping the proposed solutionImp

29、lementing the proposed solutionTerminating the project35In other situations, a customer may go through the first two phases of the project life cycle in a less structured, more informal manner.In general, the project life cycle is followed in a more formal and structured manner when a project is con

30、ducted in a business setting.當工程在商業(yè)環(huán)境中執(zhí)行時，工程生命周期會以更正式、更構(gòu)造化的方式展開。當工程由私人或志愿者執(zhí)行時，工程生命周期那么趨向于較非正式的方式。361.3 The project management processThe project management process means planning the work and then working the plan. A coaching staff may spend hours preparing工程管理過程就是制定方案，然后按方案任務。37Project management i

31、nvolves a process of first establishing a plan and then implementing that plan to accomplish the project objective.The front-end effort in managing a project must be focused on establishing a baseline plan that provides a roadmap for how the project scope will be accomplished on time and within budg

32、et. 集中精神建立一個基準方案，為在預算之內(nèi)按時完成工程范圍提供一份道路圖。38Planningwhat needs to be done,who will do it,how long it will take,how much it will cost,a baseline planThis planning effort includes the following steps:391. Clearly define the project objective.The definition must be agreed upon by the customer and the indi

33、vidual or organization who will perform the project.明晰地定義工程目的，并達成一致。402. Divide and subdivide the project scope into major “pieces, or work packages. A work breakdown structure (WBS) is a hierarchical tree of work elements or items accomplished or produced by the project team during the project. 把工程

34、任務范圍一步步細分為大的“部分或任務包 work packages 。任務分解構(gòu)培育是實現(xiàn)目的的任務單元或工程等級樹。任務分解構(gòu)造通常針對每一個任務包確認組織或個人的責任。413. Define the specific activities that need to be performed for each work package. 必需界定對應每一個任務包必需執(zhí)行的詳細活動。42任務分解構(gòu)造434. Graphically portray the activities in the form of a network diagram. This diagram shows the ne

35、cessary sequence and interdependencies of activities to achieve the project objective. 以網(wǎng)絡圖描畫活動，闡明各種活動之間的必要次序和相互依賴性。44455. Make a time estimate for how long it will take to complete each activity. It is also necessary to determine which types of resources and how many of each resource are needed for

36、 each activity to be completed within the estimated duration.估計完成每一項活動需花多長時間。確定一下每項活動需求用到哪些資源及其用量，才干在預定工期內(nèi)完成該活動。466. Make a cost estimate for each activity. The cost is based on the types and quantities of resources required for each activity.為每項活動做本錢估算。本錢依每項活動所需的資源類型及數(shù)量而定。477. Calculate a project s

37、chedule and budget.計算工程進度方案及預算，以確定工程能否在預定時間內(nèi)，在既定的資金與可利用資源的條件下完成。To determine whether the project can be completed within the required time, with the allotted funds, and with the available resources. If not, adjustments must be made .484950投入一定的時間來做一個思索周全的方案，這對任何工程的勝利完成都是至關重要的。Taking the time to deve

38、lop a well-thought-out plan is critical to the successful accomplishment of any project. 51Once a baseline plan has been established, it must be implemented.This involves performing the work according to the plan and controlling the work so that the project scope is achieved within the budget and sc

39、hedule, to the customers satisfaction.一旦建立了基準方案就必需執(zhí)行。這包括按方案執(zhí)行任務和控制任務，以使工程任務能在預算之內(nèi)、按進度、使顧客稱心地予以完成。52project startsImplementing Monitoringproject completedplanned progressactual progressactivitiesactivitiesactivitiescorrective actionbehind schedule,overrunning the budget,meeting the technical specific

40、ations,evaluate several alternative actionsobjective.activitiesactivitiesactivitiesbaseline plan531.4 The benefit of implementing project management techniquesa satisfied customera great feeling of satisfactionadditional business from the same customerreputation as a project managerexpanded career opportunitiesexpanded your knowledge and enhanced your skillsWhen projects are successful, everybody wins!54工程的勝利縝密的方案良好的溝通明確的目的客戶的參與協(xié)作有效的監(jiān)控及時又正確的糾正措施55Critical Success Fac